RU2456236C1 - Method of producing organic compound sorbent - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of producing organic compound sorbents from rubber-containing wastes. The method of producing sorbent involves pyrolysis of scrap tyres to obtain a carbon residue, activation of the carbon residue with water vapour fed into a pyrolysis chamber laterally from below, cooling the carbon residue from temperature 450-500°C to temperature 150-200°C, further activation by periodically feeding water from the top into the pyrolysis chamber, said water being fed in several steps with total amount of the cooling water on all cooling steps not more than 0.5 l per 1 kg carbon residue. The process is carried out in a pyrolysis chamber whose inner space is linked to one of the cavities of a discharge pneumatic cylinder and the second cavity is linked to the atmosphere. A piston with a rod is rigidly connected to the rod and piston of a two-way power pneumatic cylinder. The process is carried out while periodically changing pressure in the pyrolysis chamber. At the end of feeding vapour from below into the pyrolysis chamber, vapour-air mixture is periodically sucked from the top part of the pyrolysis chamber into the cavity of the discharge cylinder, and that mixture is forced out of the cavity of the discharge cylinder into the pyrolysis chamber from below.

EFFECT: shorter duration of the process owing to high degree of interaction of the carbon residue with water and water vapour.

Description

The invention relates to methods for producing sorbents of organic compounds from a carbon residue formed during the pyrolysis of rubber-containing wastes, including worn-out automobile tires.

A known method of producing a sorbent of organic compounds from a carbon residue formed during the pyrolysis of rubber-containing waste, including used tires (RF patent No. 2396208 C1, CL 01B 31/08, published on 08/10/2010, bull. No. 22), including activation carbon residue with water vapor supplied to the pyrolysis chamber from below from an external source for at least 10 min, cooling the carbon residue from a temperature of 450-500 ° C to a temperature of 150-200 ° C with its additional activation due to periodic supply of water to the pyrolysis chamber from above in several only steps in an amount of at least 0.12 L per 1.0 kg of residue, with breaks between steps of at least 7 minutes and the total amount of cooling water at all cooling levels not exceeding 0.5 L per 1 kg of carbon residue, the activation process and the carbon residue is cooled in a pyrolysis chamber, the inner space of which is connected by a pipe to one of the cavities of the injection pneumatic cylinder, the second cavity of this pneumatic cylinder is connected to the atmosphere, and the piston with the rod of which is rigidly connected to the rod and piston of the forces a double-acting pneumatic cylinder, the process being carried out with a periodic change in pressure in the pyrolysis chamber by 10-30% of the nominal pressure with a period of 0.5-3.0 minutes.

However, this method has insufficient efficiency of cooling and activating the carbon residue, associated with low efficiency of interaction of the carbon residue with water and water vapor supplied to the pyrolysis chamber, and water vapor generated by cooling the hydrocarbon residue with water supplied to the chamber.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the interaction of the carbon residue with water and water vapor supplied to the pyrolysis chamber, and water vapor generated when the carbon residue is cooled by water supplied to the chamber, due to the fact that after the steam supply is stopped from below the pyrolysis chamber is produced the absorption of the vapor-air mixture from the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber into the cavity of the injection cylinder, and the displacement of this mixture from the cavity of the injection cylinder into the pyrolysis chamber from below under lerodny residue.

The problem is solved in that in a method for producing a sorbent of organic compounds, including the pyrolysis of rubber waste, including used tires, to obtain a carbon residue, the activation of the carbon residue by water vapor supplied to the pyrolysis chamber from below from an external source for at least 10 minutes, cooling the carbon residue from a temperature of 450-500 ° C to a temperature of 150-200 ° C with its additional activation due to the periodic supply from the top into the pyrolysis chamber of water in several steps in an amount of at least 0.12 L per 1.0 kg of residue, with breaks between steps of at least 7 minutes and the total amount of cooling water at all cooling stages not exceeding 0.5 L per 1 kg of carbon residue, the process of activation and cooling of the carbon residue is carried out in pyrolysis a chamber, the inner space of which is connected by a pipeline to one of the cavities of the injection pneumatic cylinder, the second cavity of this pneumatic cylinder is connected to the atmosphere, and the piston with the rod of which is rigidly connected to the rod and piston of the double-sided power pneumatic cylinder action, the process is carried out with a periodic change in pressure in the pyrolysis chamber by 10-30% of the nominal pressure with a period equal to 0.5-3.0 minutes, after the cessation of steam supply from below to the pyrolysis chamber, the vapor-air mixture is periodically sucked from the upper part pyrolysis chamber into the cavity of the injection cylinder, and the displacement of this mixture from the cavity of the injection cylinder into the pyrolysis chamber from below under the carbon residue.

The drawing schematically shows an installation for carrying out a method for producing a sorbent of organic compounds from a carbon residue formed during the pyrolysis of rubber-containing wastes, including worn tires.

The installation contains a pyrolysis chamber 1, into which worn tires 4 cut into pieces are passed through a channel 3 through a shutter 3. After the pyrolysis of worn tires is completed, water is supplied to the pyrolysis chamber 1 through valve 5, and water vapor through valve 6 through pipeline 7. Activated the carbon residue from the pyrolysis chamber 1 is removed through the shutter 8 through the channel 9.

The internal vapor-gas space of the pyrolysis chamber 1 is connected to one cavity of the injection pneumatic cylinder 10 along the first line through the check valve 11 and along the second line through the valve 12 and check valve 13, and the other cavity of the pneumatic cylinder 10 is connected to the atmosphere. The piston 14 with the rod 15 of the injection pneumatic cylinder 10 is rigidly connected to the rod 16 and the piston 17 of the power pneumatic cylinder 18. The cavity of the injection pneumatic cylinder 10 is connected via a non-return valve 13 and valve 19 to the piping 7 for supplying water vapor from below to the pyrolysis chamber 1 through valve 6.

The method is as follows.

Raw materials are fed into the pyrolysis chamber 1 through channel 2 after opening the shutter 3, then the pyrolysis process is carried out. The resulting carbon residue is cooled in a pyrolysis chamber 1 from a temperature of 450-500 ° C to 150-200 ° C by supplying water through a valve 5 and is activated with water vapor supplied through a valve 6. In this case, before the cooling water is supplied, the carbon residue is activated with water vapor, supplied from an external source through the valve 6 for at least 10 minutes, and the cooling water through the valve 5 is carried out in several stages based on at least 0.12 L per 1.0 kg of residue, while the breaks between the steps are at least 7 minutes during In this case, the carbon residue is gradually activated by the vapor formed in the previous cooling stages.

The total amount of cooling water at all stages of cooling per 1 kg of carbon residue should not exceed 0.5 l. Before the process of activating the carbon residue in the pyrolysis chamber 1 with water vapor, close the valve 19, open the valve 12 and periodically change the pressure of the vapor-gas medium in the pyrolysis chamber 1 and the solid hydrocarbon residue 4 by periodically moving the piston 14 of the injection pneumatic cylinder 10 back and forth connected by one cavity along of the first line through the non-return valve 11 and along the second line through the non-return valve 13 and valve 12 with the internal gas-vapor space of the pyrolysis chamber 1, and the other cavity with an atmosphere sphere. The movement of the piston 14 with the rod 15 of the injection pneumatic cylinder 10 is carried out using a double-acting action pneumatic cylinder 18 connected to the rod 16 with the piston 17, using compressed air from the compressor, which provides a periodic change in pore pressure at each point of the carbon residue 4 in the pyrolysis chamber 1.

In this case, when the piston 14 of the injection pneumatic cylinder 10 is moved forward (to the right in the drawing), the vapor-gas mixture from the pyrolysis chamber 1 passes along the first line through the non-return valve 11 into the cavity of the pneumatic cylinder 10. When the piston 14 of the injection pneumatic cylinder 10 is moved backward (in the drawing to the left), the gas-vapor mixture from the cavity of the pneumatic cylinder 10 passes through the second line through the check valve 13 and valve 12 into the pyrolysis chamber 1.

Open valve 6 and activate the carbon residue for at least 10 minutes in the pyrolysis chamber 1 with steam supplied from an external source from the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 1. Complete the activation of the hydrocarbon residue in the pyrolysis chamber 1 with steam, closing valve 6.

The valve 12 is closed and the valve 19 is opened, and in the process of supplying cooling water carried out in several stages, with interruptions during which the carbon residue is gradually activated by the steam formed in the previous cooling stages, the pressure of the vapor-gas medium in the pyrolysis chamber and the carbon residue is periodically changed by periodically sucking the vapor-air mixture from the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber 1 along the first line through the check valve 11 into the cavity of the discharge cylinder 10 and displacing this with impurities from the cavity of the injection cylinder 10 into the pyrolysis chamber 1 from the bottom along the third line through the check valve 13, valve 19 and then through the pipeline 7.

Example. Obtaining a sorbent of organic compounds after the pyrolysis of worn tires according to the prototype and the claimed method is carried out in accordance with the data of table 1 below.

Table 1 Name of parameters Carbon Residue Steps Ferry 1. Water 2. Water 3. Water 4. Water 5. Water All stages of processing The amount of water supplied at each stage of processing the carbon residue, l 24 24 22 22 22 114.0 (0.47 kg of water per 1 kg of residue) The processing time of the carbon residue, min According to the prototype 10 7 7 10 10 10 54 According to the claimed method 10 5 5 5 7 8 40

The carbon residue treatment contains 6 steps: steam treatment and five stages of water treatment. The processing time of the carbon residue of the prototype is 54 (10 + 7 + 7 + 10 + 10 + 10) min, and by the present method 40 (10 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 7 + 8) min, which is 74.1% of the duration of the sorbent for the prototype. Obtaining the sorbent of organic compounds according to the prototype is carried out at a pressure equal to 5000 Pa with a change within 20% of the nominal value, that is, from 4000 to 5000 Pa (from 400 to 500 mm water column), in the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber throughout the activation time of the carbon residue with water vapor and water.

According to the claimed method, the activation of the carbon residue by water vapor and water is carried out with the same changes in the pressure of the vapor-gas medium in the pyrolysis chamber, as in the prototype. During the first 10 minutes, the carbon residue is activated with water vapor by periodically changing the vapor-gas mixture that is sucked in by the injection cylinder from the top of the pyrolysis chamber and injected into the top of the pyrolysis chamber.

The process of activating the carbon residue with water supplied from above to the carbon residue and with steam generated from this water is carried out for 30 minutes with a periodic change in the vapor-gas mixture sucked by the injection cylinder from the top of the pyrolysis chamber, and displaced into the pyrolysis chamber from below under the carbon residue. The period of pressure change in the pyrolysis chamber is 72 s (1.2 min).

The test results of the obtained sorbents according to the prototype and according to the claimed method in comparison with the currently used sorbent "Sorboil" are presented in table 2 below.

table 2 Name of indicator Sorboil The sorbent obtained by the prototype Sorbent obtained by the claimed method Oil sorption capacity, kg / kg of sorbent Up to 2 2,4 2,3 Absorption rate, kg / kg min Satisfied Satisfied Satisfied Water absorption, kg / kg of sorbent 0.2 Absent. Absent.

As can be seen from the results, the sorbent of organic compounds obtained by the present method does not differ from the sorbent obtained by the prototype. However, upon receipt of the sorbent of organic compounds by the present method, the processing time of the carbon residue by steam and water is 25.9% less than the processing time of the sorbent according to the prototype.

Thus, the inventive method of producing a sorbent of organic compounds from a carbon residue generated during the pyrolysis of rubber waste, including used tires, increases the efficiency of interaction of the carbon residue with water and water vapor supplied to the pyrolysis chamber, due to the fact that after the feed steam from below into the pyrolysis chamber periodically sucks the vapor-air mixture from the top of the pyrolysis chamber into the cavity of the injection cylinder, and this mixture is displaced from the strips and the injection cylinder in the pyrolysis chamber from below.

Claims (1)

A method of producing a sorbent of organic compounds, including the pyrolysis of rubber waste, including used tires, to obtain a carbon residue, activation of the carbon residue by water vapor supplied to the pyrolysis chamber from below from an external source for at least 10 minutes, cooling the carbon residue from a temperature of 450- 500 ° C to a temperature of 150-200 ° C with its additional activation due to the periodic supply from above into the pyrolysis chamber of water in several steps in an amount of at least 0.12 L per 1.0 kg of residue, with breaks between steps of at least 7 minutes and the total amount of cooling water at all cooling steps not exceeding 0.5 l per 1 kg of carbon residue, while the process is carried out in a pyrolysis chamber, the inner space of which is connected by a pipe to one of the cavities of the injection pneumatic cylinder, the second cavity of this the pneumatic cylinder is connected with the atmosphere, and the piston with the rod of which is rigidly connected to the rod and the piston of the double-acting power pneumatic cylinder, while the process is carried out with periodic pressure changes in the pyrolysis chamber by 10-30% of the nominal pressure with a period equal to 0.5-3.0 minutes, characterized in that after the steam supply is stopped from below into the pyrolysis chamber, the vapor-air mixture is periodically sucked from the top of the pyrolysis chamber into the cavity of the injection cylinder and the displacement of this mixture from the cavity of the injection cylinder into the pyrolysis chamber from below under the carbon residue.

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