RU2230284C2 - Cluster shell "knors" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition, in particular, cluster artillery shells. SUBSTANCE: the shell has a body with a time fuse and a set of cylindrical propellant blocks with a means for their ejection successively positioned in the shell axis and consisting of a block body, explosive charge placed in it, and a detonator. The shell is not spin-stabilized in flight, provided with a control unit including a sensor of the shell angular position relative to its longitudinal axis, device for a corrective turn of the shell in the plane of fire to the vertical position relative to the ground surface, device for spin-up of the shell about the longitudinal axis, fuse made with pyrotechnic and detonating ducts and a firing mechanism, and a command unit performing in succession a corrective turn, spin-up of the shell and ejection of the propellant blocks. The propellant blocks have metal hitting elements placed at the end face of the block opposite the detonator, and the means for ejection of the propellant block is made in the form of a powder charge common for the set of propellant blocks, or in the form of individual burster powder charges for each propellant block. EFFECT: enhanced hitting effect of the shell. 15 cl, 15 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition, and more particularly to cluster artillery shells. Known cluster artillery shells containing a body, a remote (temporary) fuse, expelling powder charge, the bottom with a sheared thread and a set of fragmentation warheads. The domestic 152 mm 3-O-13 cluster shell contains eight cylindrical elements, each of which is equipped with an impact fuse. On the trajectory, elements are ejected backward along the course of the projectile, scattering them and falling to the ground with detonation.

The disadvantage of the projectile is the inability to hit targets in the trenches, communications, and on reverse slopes.

This disadvantage was eliminated in the design of the 105 mm APAM shell of Israel Military Industries (European patent EP 0961098 A2) for a tank rifled gun. The fragmentation warheads are made in the form of disks (cylinders of small height) stacked along the axis of the projectile. Each combat element is equipped with a detonator with a deceleration element. The ejection of elements, as in the previous case, occurs backward along the course of the projectile. When flying end to end, the elements are stabilized by rotation. With trajectory blasting, fragmentation of the target from above occurs, including in the trenches.

The fundamental drawback of this design is that only a small part of the mass of the cylindrical shell is directed towards the target (to the lower sector of the fragmentation field), and the axial outflow of detonation products through the ends of the elements significantly reduces the speed of the radial expansion of the shell.

The present invention addresses these drawbacks.

The technical solution consists in the fact that the cluster shell contains a housing with a temporary fuse and a set of cylindrical throwing units with ejection means located in series along the axis of the projectile and consisting of a block body located in it an explosive charge and a detonator. The projectile is non-rotating in flight, equipped with a control unit including a sensor for the angular position of the projectile relative to its longitudinal axis, a device for projecting the projectile in the plane of fire to a vertical position relative to the ground, a device for unwinding the projectile around the longitudinal axis, a fuse made with pyrotechnic and detonation channels and a shock mechanism, and the command unit, which carries out sequentially turn, unwind the projectile and throwing throwing blocks. Throwing blocks contain metal striking elements laid on the end face of the block opposite the detonator, and the means of throwing throwing blocks are made in the form of a powder charge common to a set of throwing blocks, or in the form of individual knockout powder charges for each of the throwing blocks.

In private versions, the projectile is configured to eject a set of throwing blocks in a direction opposite to the direction of projectile movement, while the control unit is located in front of the projectile, and the shell of the projectile is screwed in, or the projectile is configured to eject a set of throwing blocks in the direction of projectile movement.

Throwing blocks are made with flat, concave or convex end surfaces, with the vertices of the end surfaces of the block facing one side.

Dodge and unwind devices are based on the shooting of ballast masses or using jet engines.

The devices for turning and untwisting are made so that the time interval between their inclusions is a variable value, depending on the angle between the axis of the projectile and the surface of the earth.

The command unit contains a device that provides adjustable time intervals between firing blocks.

Housings of throwing blocks are made of high-fragmentation silicon steels 60С2, 80С2, 80Г2С, or high-carbon steels, or from light alloy, or reinforced plastic.

Housings of throwing blocks are made with a given crushing or with the inclusion of finished striking elements in the housing.

Metal striking elements are made in the form of single-layer or multilayer sets of finished striking elements made of steel or heavy alloys based on tungsten.

Ready striking elements are made in a form that ensures their tight packing in metal striking elements, for example in the form of a cube or a hexagonal prism.

Metal damaging elements are made with predetermined crushing due to the application of corrugation, including hidden undercutting or structural grids deposited by laser, electron beam or local chemical-thermal treatment.

Metal damaging elements are made in the form of a concave lining, designed to form a "shock core".

Metal damaging elements are made in the form of plates with meniscus recesses deposited on them.

Figure 1 - cassette projectile for a smooth-bore gun with the ejection of blocks backward, figure 2 - cassette projectile for a rifled gun with the ejection of blocks forward, figure 3 - the cross section of the projectile on the device retraction, figure 4 - longitudinal section of the projectile on the unwinding device, 5 is a cross-sectional view of the projectile on the unwinding device, FIGS. 6, 7, 8 are structural designs of the throwing blocks, FIGS. 9-14 are the projectile effects, FIG. 15 is a computer simulation of the throwing unit explosion.

Shell for smooth-bore guns (figure 1) contains a housing 1 with a screw block stabilizer 2 connected to the housing by means of a thread. A set of throwing blocks 4 and a knockout powder charge 3 is placed in the body cavity, and in the front part of the body is the command unit 5 of the projectile spinning device 6 around the longitudinal axis, the projectile extension device 7 in the firing plane, the projectile angular position sensor 8, and the remote-impact fuse head 9 with a receiver 10 and the head contact node 11. The command unit 5 is electrically connected to devices 3, 6-11 and ensures their coordinated action during the operation of the projectile. The design of the projectile is provided, in which each throwing unit is equipped with a knockout powder charge with an autonomous ignition device. Throwing unit 4 contains a housing 12 with a detonator 13 located therein, a charge of explosive 14 and a layer of ready-made striking elements (GGE) 15.

The housing of the throwing unit can be made of steel, for example, high-silicon silicon steels 60C2 (patent No. 2079099, No. 2095740 RF), 80C2, high-carbon eutectoid steel 80G2S (patent No. 2153024 RF), or of a light alloy, for example aluminum, or reinforced plastic. The housing can be made with predetermined crushing, for example, by means of corrugation or the application of structural nets, or with the inclusion of finished striking elements in the housing. To increase the resistance to overloads during firing, the propelling unit body can be made with internal radial stiffeners.

In a given scheme, the throwing blocks are made with flat ends and laid in the body with a layer of GGE forward (in the direction of projectile movement). The control unit 16 is connected to the expelling powder charge by the pyrotechnic channel 17, and with the front throwing unit by the detonation channel 18. Twisting the projectile in flight is provided, for example, by means of one-sided bevels on the feathers of the stabilizer 19.

Figure 2 presents the projectile for a rifled gun with the throwing throwing blocks forward. In this scheme, the main part of the control unit 16 is located in the rear of the projectile. The head contact node 11 and the command receiver 10 are connected to this part of the electrical communication control unit (not shown in FIG. 2). Command input can also be made through the bottom of the projectile, for example, by a laser beam through the channel of the stabilizer tube 20 and the optical window 21.

Figure 3 shows an example of the execution of the device 7 turret shell in the plane of fire (cross section of the device). In the combustion chambers 22 there are placed pyrotechnic charges 23 with igniters 24. The chamber is connected to cylindrical channels in which ballast weights 25 are held by stoppers 26. The weights are closed by airtight covers 27. Igniters 24 are connected to the fuse by channel 28. The do-it-yourself device can be made with using a jet engine.

Figure 4 shows an example of a device for unwinding a projectile around a longitudinal axis. The device comprises a solid fuel checker 29, a diaphragm 30, an igniter 31, and oblique nozzles 32 located at the periphery.

Figure 5 shows a cross-section of this device along the plane AA.

Figure 6-8 shows examples of the execution of throwing blocks.

Blocks 6 and 7 are designed to create axial flows of the GGE and in the General case contain a housing 12 with a detonator 13, a charge of BB 14 and a layer of GGE 15 laid on its surface.

Figure 1, 6, 7 conventionally shows the execution of a metal striking element in the form of a single-layer set of balls. More rational is the implementation of the finished striking elements in a form that ensures their tight packing in a metal striking element, for example in the form of a cube or a hexagonal prism. GGE can be made both from steel and from heavy alloys, for example, based on tungsten, and laying can be performed both single-layer and multi-layer.

The block shown in Fig.7 has an enlarged angle of expansion.

On Fig presents a throwing unit designed to form a "shock core", containing instead of a set of GGE round concave plate 33. The metal damaging element can also be made in the form of a plate with meniscus recesses deposited on it.

The action of the projectile, made according to the scheme of figure 1, shown in Fig.9. Before firing, a command is entered into the control unit for the type of action and, if necessary, temporary installation. At a predetermined range to the target, a temporary fuse sends a signal to the command unit. The signal from the sensor of the angular position of the projectile is received at the same block. At the moment of coincidence of the direction of shooting the ballast weights up with the firing plane, a command is issued to shoot the cargo and the rotation of the projectile begins approximately in the firing plane. After the projectile’s axis has risen to vertical position, the second load is fired, as a result of which the angular velocity of the projectile’s rotation in the firing plane becomes zero. To prevent the inhibitory effect of the oncoming air flow on the stabilizer, the projectile can be equipped with a device that, upon command from the control unit 16, fires the stabilizer or folds the feathers. After that, the jet engine for unwinding the projectile is turned on. The transmission of torque from the housing to the set of blocks is carried out by giving the block a device that prevents the blocks from turning relative to each other and the body, for example, in the form of protrusions at the bottom of the block that are included in the recess of the neighboring block. After gaining the required number of revolutions that ensure gyroscopic stability of the flight of the throwing blocks, a detachable powder charge 5 is triggered and the throwing blocks are ejected from the shell of the projectile, and then after a certain period of time, they undermine with the formation of axial flows of the GGE directed to the ground surface. In this case, targets are defeated in the trenches, embankments, on the reverse slopes.

Coverage of the goal is provided when the condition

X≥6σ _x

where x is the coordinate of the center of the group of throwing blocks (chain of blocks) relative to the target at the time of detonation,

σ _x is the standard deviation of this quantity,

X is the length of the chain of flying blocks.

The design of the projectile is adaptive, i.e. Depending on the shooting tasks, the following actions are also provided:

- the formation of the GGE stream along the trajectory without a shell turn (Fig. 10);

- trajectory rupture of the projectile with the formation of a circular field of fragments of the shell after the turn of the projectile without ejection of throwing blocks (11);

- trajectory rupture of the projectile with the formation of a circular field of fragments of the shell without a dovorit shell (Fig);

- ground rupture of the projectile (Fig.13) with subspecies - instant (fragmentation), inertial (high-explosive) and delayed (high-explosive) actions.

Undermining the projectile without throwing throwing blocks is carried out through the detonation channel 18 and the transmission of detonation along a set of blocks. In this case, the radial lesion field is formed from fragments of the shell of the projectile, fragments of the shells of the throwing blocks and partially from the finished striking elements laid on the ends of the blocks and involved in the radial movement during the expansion of the detonation products. The thickness of the GGE layer is selected from the condition of the unhindered transmission of detonation from block to block.

The action diagram of a projectile containing propelling elements made in accordance with Fig, presented on Fig. When the propellant block is detonated, the plate receives a speed of 1200-1600 m / s, resulting in the formation of a compact element (“impact core”), which affects the relatively weakly armored upper projection of the tank or other armored targets, as well as concrete shelters.

The proposed projectile, when used as a tank, has significant advantages over the prototype - the ARAM tank shell. It can completely replace a standard high-explosive fragmentation projectile in a tank’s ammunition, significantly increasing the tank’s fire capabilities and the list of tasks to be solved. The following are the characteristics of a promising 125 mm cassette shell of the claimed design for the D-81 tank gun.

Projectile weight 26 kg

Mass throwing unit (taking into account the mass of the detonation unit) 2 kg

Number of throwing blocks 6

Total weight of throwing blocks 12 kg

Relative mass of throwing blocks 0.46

Case weight with stabilizer 11 kg

Weight of control unit 3 kg

The mass of the explosive block is 0.58 kg

The mass of the metal striking element (layer GGE) 0.667 kg

The thickness of the metal striking element (layer GGE) 10 mm

The mass of one GGE 5 g

The number of GGEs in one block 133

The total number of GGE in the projectile 800

Unit outer diameter 110 mm

Unit height 53 mm

Estimated GGE speed 890 m / s

The resulting velocity along the axis at a projectile speed of 800 m / s 1690 m / s

Kinetic energy of the axial flow of GGE 5.7 MJ

Throwing chain length 50 m

The probability of defeating the calculation of ATGMs in bulletproof vests in an open area at a distance of 2000 m is not lower than 0.9

The probability of defeating the ATGM calculation in the trench is not lower than 0.7

Penetrated thickness of the armored roof when executing the propelling unit of Fig. 8 is not less than 60 mm

The probability of defeating the armored self-propelled anti-tank installation ATGM is not lower than 0.5

The estimated GGE velocity and the GGE distribution law in the expansion cone were obtained by computer simulation of the propellant block explosion process (Fig. 15) (see VA Odintsov, NR Dolgopyatova et al. "Modeling the fragmentation plate throwing process using a two-dimensional hydrocode ". // Defense technology. - 2001. - No. 1-2, p. 8).

This projectile is also very promising for inclusion in the ammunition of short-range infantry (assault) weapons (see A.I. Nikolaev, V.A. Odintsov "For regional conflicts, we need assault weapons." // Armament. Politics. Conversion. No. 5, 2000, p.6, V.A. Odintsov "Regional wars: we need assault guns." // Technique and armament, No. 2, 2001, p. 22). Shooting a non-rotating projectile from a rifled barrel is provided by the use of a "floating" leading belt 34.

Claims (15)

1. A cassette shell containing a housing with a temporary fuse and a set of cylindrical throwing units with a means of ejecting them, sequentially located along the axis of the shell and consisting of a block body located in it an explosive charge, and a detonator, characterized in that the shell is made non-rotating in flight, is equipped with a control unit including a sensor for the angular position of the projectile relative to its longitudinal axis, on the surface of the earth, a device for unwinding a projectile around a longitudinal axis, a fuse made with pyrotechnic and detonation channels and a percussion mechanism, and a command unit performing a sequential turn-up, unwinding of the projectile and ejection of throwing blocks, throwing blocks contain metal damaging elements placed at the end of the block, opposite to the detonator, and the means of throwing throwing blocks is made in the form of a powder charge common to a set of throwing blocks or in the form of individual knocks powder charges for each of the throwing blocks. 2. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that it is arranged to eject a set of throwing blocks in the direction opposite to the direction of projectile movement, while the control unit is located in front of the projectile, and the shell of the projectile is equipped with a screw bottom. 3. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of throwing a set of throwing blocks in the direction of movement of the projectile. 4. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the throwing blocks are made with flat, concave or convex end surfaces, and the tops of the end surfaces of the block are turned in one direction. 5. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the device turn and unwind made on the basis of shooting ballast masses or using jet engines. 6. The projectile according to any one of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that the devices for turning and untwisting are made so that the time interval between their inclusions is variable, depending on the angle between the axis of the projectile and the earth's surface. 7. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the command unit comprises a device that provides adjustable time intervals between firing units. 8. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of the throwing blocks are made of high-fragmentation silicon steels 60C2, 80C2, 80G2S or high-carbon steels. 9. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing throwing blocks are made of light alloy or reinforced plastic. 10. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing throwing blocks are made with a given crushing or with the inclusion in the body of the finished striking elements. 11. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal striking elements are made in the form of single-layer or multilayer sets of finished striking elements made of steel or heavy alloys based on tungsten. 12. The projectile according to claim 11, characterized in that the finished striking elements are made in a shape that ensures their tight packing in metal striking elements, for example in the form of a cube or a hexagonal prism. 13. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal striking elements are made with predetermined crushing due to the application of corrugation, including hidden undercutting or structural grids deposited by laser, electron beam or local chemical-thermal treatment. 14. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal striking elements are made in the form of a concave lining, designed to form a "shock core". 15. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal striking elements are made in the form of plates with meniscus recesses deposited on them.

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