RU2147116C1 - Fragmentation shell - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition, shells with axial flight of hitting elements. SUBSTANCE: fragmentation shell has body, charge of solid fuel, nozzle block, igniter, explosive charge, fuze, electric detonator and stabilizers made of two coaxially placed, separable combat and boosting units put into shell body. Combat unit is additionally fitted with body with cover on which opening stabilizers and electric detonator are installed, with tube positioned inside along axis of unit body around which explosive charge is arranged, with hitting elements laid between explosive charge and body of combat unit. Rope-cable is laid along tube to connect electric detonator of combat unit with fuze of electric contact type set together with timing mechanism in nose part of boosting unit that has body with internal space where additional damper is situated. Rope-cable is laid between internal wall of body of boosting unit and damper. Charge of solid fuel and igniter are placed inside body in nose part of boosting unit, nozzles and opening stabilizers are arranged in its tail part. EFFECT: increased hitting efficiency of shell thanks to diminished scatter of heights of blasting, increased mass of shell metal directed into first cone of fragments and improved kinetic characteristics of hitting elements. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to ammunition, and more particularly to shells with an axial region of expansion of striking elements (PE), and can be used as part of surface-to-surface and air-to-surface missiles, as well as as a part of various artillery and aviation munitions. The proposed design can be recommended for use on MLRS shells.

 At present, a lot of designs of shells and mines of barrel artillery, as well as axial bombs, have already been developed. One of the promising types of axial ammunition is fragmentation-beam ammunition [see Odintsov V. A. Prospects for the development of axial fragmentation ammunition. Ammunition. 1994, N 3-4]. One of the designs of this type of projectile is shown in RF patent 2018779, IPC F 42 B 12/20, B.I. N 7, 1995

 The shell consists of a shell, inside of which there is an explosive charge (BB). In the head of the projectile are the head contact node and the head cap with a light filler inside, which covers the block of ready-made striking elements (GGE). A diaphragm is installed between the GGE block and the explosive charge. In the rear part there is a bottom fuse and an optical window for entering a temporary installation, and a stabilizer block is also located there.

 A characteristic feature of the projectile is the presence in the bow of the shell of a heavy multilayer block of ready-made striking elements, including elements whose shape allows for dense packing in the block (cube, hexagonal prism, etc.). Tight stacking avoids energy loss due to compression of the block during explosive throwing and significant deformation of the GGE. The diaphragm located between the GGE block and the explosive charge also prevents the deformation of the damaging elements. The presence of a massive block in the head of a non-rotating projectile increases its aerodynamic stability on the trajectory. The required expansion angle and optimal distribution of the GGE in the beam can be achieved by changing the thickness and shape of the diaphragm, placing inserts of easily compressible material inside the GGE block, using combined laying of GGE with different density and compressibility (for example, made of steel and heavy alloys based on tungsten ) The head cover is used to improve aerodynamic performance. It should have a minimum mass to ensure minimum loss of speed of the damaging elements. Reducing the mass of the head cap can be achieved by manufacturing it from light alloys in the form of a cone with stiffeners. A more radical way is to dump the head cap with the help of a pyrotechnic device before undermining the main charge or its destruction with the help of an external explosive charge. In this case, the destructive effect of detonation products on the GGE block should be excluded. The need to use this cap can be attributed to obvious design flaws.

 The design also provides for controlling the scattering angle of the striking elements using an explosive charge placed along the axis of the GGE block. The time interval between detonations of the main and axial charges is generally adjustable, which makes it possible to obtain optimal spatial distributions of the GGE and shell fragments in a wide range of conditions. The projectile is made with a bottom fuse, providing remote or contact detonation.

 The input of the team that determines the type of action (six types of action are provided: three for shooting with an air gap and three for impact shooting), and the temporary installation is entered through the bottom or head receivers of the installations in a contact or non-contact manner.

 The principal disadvantage of this projectile is the small mass of metal sent to the front sheaf (usually not more than 0.10-0.15 mass of the projectile). This is the result of an organic contradiction between the small area of the front end of the explosive charge and the required (according to the conclusions of the theory of explosive throwing) large explosive metal contact area.

 In this regard, the proposed MSTU im. N.E. Bauman design of an adaptable high-explosive fragmentation projectile with a dual-use charge [RF patent 2082943, IPC F 42 B 12/20, B.I. N 5, 1998]. This design can be considered as a prototype of the present invention. The projectile is a solid propellant rocket engine, and the shell of the projectile is simultaneously the engine casing and fragmentation shirt. A multifunctional head fuse equipped with pyrotechnic and detonation channels is installed in the bow of the projectile. In the rear part there is a bottom nozzle block and a block of stabilizers (in the version for smoothbore weapons). An explosive tube passes along the body axis; a detonation-like solid fuel charge is located around this tube. Depending on the conditions of use, this charge is used as an explosive charge (like explosive) or as an accelerating charge (like solid rocket fuel). The second main objective of the development is the destruction of the body into fragments by a blow to its inner surface with a tube accelerated by an explosion. Such a constructive solution provides the so-called "destruction without throwing," that is, the destruction of the body without communicating to its fragments a noticeable radial velocity.

 After the projectile leaves the bore, the charge ignites and burns out, as a result of which the projectile receives an additional speed of 200 - 400 m / s. At the same time, the space for expansion of the shock tube is freed. When the projectile approaches the anticipated range from the target, the remote fuse undermines the axial tube charge with its throwing on the inner surface of the body. As a result of the impact of the expanding tube on the inner surface of the body, an annular spallation occurs in it. The breakaway layer flies off and carries away the bulk of the impact pulse. The remaining inner thick-walled part of the cylinder has a low radial velocity and breaks up into large fragments.

 Due to the fact that the fragmentation field is created by striking elements from the side surface of the projectile, the mass of metal sent to the front sheaf increases significantly.

 The disadvantage of this design when shooting at axial action is the inability to form the required parameters of the fragmentation field due to the distribution of the height of the warhead of the local lateral load coefficient.

 The disadvantages of all of the above designs include the use of remote fuses for air blasting, as due to the impossibility of determining the exact distance to the target and the difficulty of separating the target from the background, a sufficiently large spread in the distance of detonation occurs, which can significantly reduce the effectiveness of fragmentation.

 The objective of the present invention is to increase the effectiveness of the projectile when acting on manpower and enemy technology, concentrated in open type fortifications (FSOT), by reducing the dispersion of the heights of the blast, increasing the mass of metal sent to the front sheaf, and improving the kinetic characteristics of PE.

 To solve this problem, a fragmentation projectile containing a shell, a solid fuel charge, an igniter, an explosive charge, a fuse, an electric detonator and stabilizers is made in the form of two coaxially located, detachable combat and booster units. The blocks are interconnected by a cable connected to a cable (cable-cable), and are placed in the shell of the projectile. The combat unit (BB) is equipped with a separate housing with a lid, on which drop-down stabilizers and an electric detonator are installed. Inside the axis of the block’s body is a tube around which an explosive charge is placed. Between the charge and the body of the warhead, striking elements were laid, and a cable was laid along the tube connecting the electric detonator with an electric fuse mounted together with a temporary mechanism in the bow of the booster block. The booster block (RB), which acts as a tug and cable predictor, is equipped with its own body with an internal cavity in which the damper is located. Inside the damper is the bow of the warhead, a cable cable is laid between it and the damper. A solid fuel charge and an igniter are located inside the booster block housing, and nozzles and opening stabilizers are located in the rear part.

 In the proposed design, to create an axial fragmentation field, as in the prototype, striking elements are used located not on the end but on the side surface of the combat unit, which makes it possible to significantly increase the mass of metal sent to the front sheaf. The developed design allows you to vary the shape of the forming BB, i.e. Depending on the required parameters of the fragmentation field and the kinetic characteristics of the PE, various laws of distribution of the local lateral load coefficient, the number of PE, and their mass along the height of the warhead can be used. The use of a cable cable of a certain length and an electric contact fuse allows you to avoid the spread of the heights of the blasting and to carry it out at the optimum height.

 In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the proposed design of a fragmentation shell, in FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the operation of the projectile.

 Inside the shell of the projectile 1, at the same time acting as a container tube, there is the tail of the warhead, which consists of the shell 2, in which the explosive charge 3 is placed. Between the shell 2 and the charge 3, ready-made striking elements 4 are placed. deployed stabilizer 6 warhead located on it. An end electric detonator 7 is installed in the cover 5. A central tube 8 is placed along the axis of the combat unit with a cable connecting the fuse 9 mounted in the nose of the booster block to the end fuse 7. Together with the electric fuse 9, a temporary mechanism 10 is installed in the bow of the RB. The booster block is both a rocket engine and a cable predictor, in the housing 11 of which there is a solid fuel charge 12 of a special shape and an ignitor 13. The charge shape provides rogressivnost traction. The nozzles 14 are mounted at an angle to the axis of the munition in the rear of the booster unit, there are also deployable stabilizers of the booster unit 15. Housing 11 has a conical or animated shape with an internal cavity in which the damper 16 is located, which is a conical or animated shell turning inside out underneath the action of the tension of the cable-cable 17 at the end of its unwinding. The nose of the warhead is located inside the damper 16, the cable-cable 17 is laid between them. The tail of the booster, together with the stabilizers 15 folded, as well as the tail of the warhead, is located inside the munition housing 1.

 The projectile works as follows (Fig. 2). Before the shot, depending on the distance to the target, the temporary mechanism 10 is set to ignite the charge of solid fuel 12 of the upper stage. When the ammunition approaches the target, the temporary mechanism 10 is triggered, the igniter 13 lights up, the temperature and pressure necessary to ignite the charge of solid fuel 12 are created in the booster block housing 11. Gas outflow starts through the nozzle 14 and the booster block is separated from the warhead and shell shell 1, after which stabilizers 15 installed in the rear part of the upper stage are disclosed. The combat unit is in the housing 1 until the booster unit is removed from it by a distance equal to the length of the cable-cable 17. Simultaneously with the process of the combat unit coming out of the shell body 1, the damper 16 is turned out, which prevents the cable from breaking off and prevents development oscillatory process after tensioning the cable-cable with its full winding. The speeds of the blocks are leveled and their further acceleration occurs. The stabilizers of the warhead 6 are revealed after it leaves the shell 1 of the projectile. The amount of solid fuel 12 in the engine of the upper stage is selected in such a way as to ensure the end of acceleration of the RB and BB connected by a cable-cable 17, almost at the moment the upper stage reaches the ground or surface of the target. When you hit an obstacle from an electric contact fuse 9 to the end electric detonator 7, mounted on the cover 5 via a cable-cable 17, connected to the electric detonator 7 through the central tube 8, a signal is received to undermine the warhead. There is a detonation of the charge of explosive 3 and the expansion of the striking elements 4, located between the explosive charge 3 and the body of the warhead 2.

 It is assumed that the use of the proposed design, for example, in MLRS shells, along with an increase in the fragmentation efficiency of one shell, will lead to a reduction in the consumption of shells per target, and therefore, to reduce the cost of completing a combat mission.

Claims (1)

 A fragmentation shell containing a shell, a solid fuel charge, a nozzle block, an igniter, an explosive charge, a fuse, an electric detonator and stabilizers, characterized in that it is made of two coaxially arranged, detachable combat and booster blocks located in the shell of the shell, moreover, the combat unit is additionally equipped with a housing with a lid, on which the opening stabilizers and an electric detonator are mounted, with a tube located inside along the axis of the housing of the unit, around which an explosion charge is placed of man-made matter, prepared by the striking elements laid between the charge and the warhead’s body, a cable is laid through the tube connecting the electric detonator of the warhead with an electric contact fuse installed together with a temporary mechanism in the bow of the booster block, equipped with a body with an internal cavity in which a damper is additionally placed, and a cable-cable is laid between the inner wall of the booster block housing and the damper, a charge of solid fuel and igniter are located inside the booster block substitutes of, in the tail - the nozzle and expandable stabilizers.

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