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RU2012140171A - Нагреватели с ограничением температуры, в которых используется фазовое преобразование ферромагнитного материала - Google Patents

Нагреватели с ограничением температуры, в которых используется фазовое преобразование ферромагнитного материала Download PDF

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RU2012140171A
RU2012140171A RU2012140171/03A RU2012140171A RU2012140171A RU 2012140171 A RU2012140171 A RU 2012140171A RU 2012140171/03 A RU2012140171/03 A RU 2012140171/03A RU 2012140171 A RU2012140171 A RU 2012140171A RU 2012140171 A RU2012140171 A RU 2012140171A
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heater
temperature
phase transformation
heater according
ferromagnetic
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RU2012140171/03A
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RU2618240C2 (ru
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Джон Майкл ВАЙТЕК
Майкл Патрик БРЕЙДИ
Джозеф Арно Мл. ХОРТОН
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Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
    • B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/02—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/04—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/17—Interconnecting two or more wells by fracturing or otherwise attacking the formation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
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    • E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
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    • E21B43/243—Combustion in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/28—Dissolving minerals other than hydrocarbons, e.g. by an alkaline or acid leaching agent
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/208—Magnetic, paramagnetic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/007—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Co
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

1. Нагреватель, содержащийферромагнитный проводник иэлектрический проводник, электрически соединенный с ферромагнитным проводником,в котором конфигурация нагревателя обеспечивает первое количество тепла при более низкой температуре и второе, уменьшенное количество тепла, когда нагреватель достигает выбранной температуры или входит в диапазон выбранной температуры, при которой ферромагнитный проводник претерпевает фазовое превращение из феррита в аустенит.2. Нагреватель по п.1, в котором ферромагнитный проводник расположен относительно внешнего электрического проводника таким образом, что электромагнитное поле, создаваемое с помощью изменяющегося во времени тока в ферромагнитном проводнике, ограничивает большую часть протекающего электрического тока внешним электрическим проводником при температурах ниже выбранной температуры или близких к ней.3. Нагреватель по п.1 или 2, в котором электрический проводник обеспечивает большую часть отводимого резистивного тепла нагревателя при температурах приблизительно до выбранной температуры или выбранного диапазона температур фазового превращения ферромагнитного проводника.4. Нагреватель по любому из пп.1 или 2, осуществляющий самоограничение при температуре, близкой к температуре или диапазону температур фазового превращения.5. Нагреватель по любому из пп.1 или 2, в котором фазовое превращение является обратимым.6. Нагреватель по любому из пп.1 или 2, в котором температура Кюри ферромагнитного материала находится в пределах диапазона температур фазового превращения ферромагнитного материала.7. Нагреватель по любому из пп.1 или 2, в котором ферромагнитный �

Claims (15)

1. Нагреватель, содержащий
ферромагнитный проводник и
электрический проводник, электрически соединенный с ферромагнитным проводником,
в котором конфигурация нагревателя обеспечивает первое количество тепла при более низкой температуре и второе, уменьшенное количество тепла, когда нагреватель достигает выбранной температуры или входит в диапазон выбранной температуры, при которой ферромагнитный проводник претерпевает фазовое превращение из феррита в аустенит.
2. Нагреватель по п.1, в котором ферромагнитный проводник расположен относительно внешнего электрического проводника таким образом, что электромагнитное поле, создаваемое с помощью изменяющегося во времени тока в ферромагнитном проводнике, ограничивает большую часть протекающего электрического тока внешним электрическим проводником при температурах ниже выбранной температуры или близких к ней.
3. Нагреватель по п.1 или 2, в котором электрический проводник обеспечивает большую часть отводимого резистивного тепла нагревателя при температурах приблизительно до выбранной температуры или выбранного диапазона температур фазового превращения ферромагнитного проводника.
4. Нагреватель по любому из пп.1 или 2, осуществляющий самоограничение при температуре, близкой к температуре или диапазону температур фазового превращения.
5. Нагреватель по любому из пп.1 или 2, в котором фазовое превращение является обратимым.
6. Нагреватель по любому из пп.1 или 2, в котором температура Кюри ферромагнитного материала находится в пределах диапазона температур фазового превращения ферромагнитного материала.
7. Нагреватель по любому из пп.1 или 2, в котором ферромагнитный проводник содержит дополнительный материал, конфигурация которого обеспечивает коррекцию выбранной температуры или выбранного диапазона температур ферромагнитного проводника.
8. Нагреватель по п.7, в котором добавка материала обеспечивает коррекцию ширины диапазона температуры фазового превращения.
9. Нагреватель по любому из пп.1 или 2, имеющий соотношение пределов диапазона изменения параметров, по меньшей мере, 2:1.
10. Нагреватель по любому из пп.1 или 2, конфигурация которого обеспечивает нагрев углеводородсодержащего слоя в углеводородсодержащем пласте таким образом, что тепло передается от нагревателя к углеводородам в углеводородсодержащем слое для мобилизации, по меньшей мере, некоторых углеводородов в этом слое.
11. Способ нагрева подземного слоя с использованием нагревателя по любому из пп.1-10, заключающийся в том, что подают электрический ток в нагреватель, обеспечивая нагрев, по меньшей мере, участка подземного пласта.
12. Способ по п.11, в котором подземный пласт содержит углеводороды, способ дополнительно предусматривает теплопередачу в пласт таким образом, что, по меньшей мере, некоторые углеводороды в этом пласте пиролизуются.
13. Способ по любому из пп.11 или 12, дополнительно предусматривающий добычу из пласта текучего флюида.
14. Композиция, содержащая углеводороды, добытые из подземного пласта с использованием нагревателя по любому из пп.1-10 или с использованием способа по любому из пп.11-13.
15. Транспортное топливо, содержащее углеводороды, полученные из композиции по п.14.
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ZA200807896B (en) 2009-12-30
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