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KR20110085202A - Valve structure of shock absorber - Google Patents

Valve structure of shock absorber Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20110085202A
KR20110085202A KR1020100004859A KR20100004859A KR20110085202A KR 20110085202 A KR20110085202 A KR 20110085202A KR 1020100004859 A KR1020100004859 A KR 1020100004859A KR 20100004859 A KR20100004859 A KR 20100004859A KR 20110085202 A KR20110085202 A KR 20110085202A
Authority
KR
South Korea
Prior art keywords
rebound
valve
disk
shock absorber
working fluid
Prior art date
Application number
KR1020100004859A
Other languages
Korean (ko)
Inventor
최승훈
Original Assignee
주식회사 만도
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 주식회사 만도 filed Critical 주식회사 만도
Priority to KR1020100004859A priority Critical patent/KR20110085202A/en
Publication of KR20110085202A publication Critical patent/KR20110085202A/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/3207—Constructional features
    • F16F9/3214—Constructional features of pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F16F9/348—Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action, operating in opposite directions or singly, e.g. annular discs positioned on top of the valve or piston body
    • F16F9/3484—Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action, operating in opposite directions or singly, e.g. annular discs positioned on top of the valve or piston body characterised by features of the annular discs per se, singularly or in combination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F16F9/348—Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action, operating in opposite directions or singly, e.g. annular discs positioned on top of the valve or piston body
    • F16F9/3485—Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action, operating in opposite directions or singly, e.g. annular discs positioned on top of the valve or piston body characterised by features of supporting elements intended to guide or limit the movement of the annular discs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F16F9/348—Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action, operating in opposite directions or singly, e.g. annular discs positioned on top of the valve or piston body
    • F16F9/3488—Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action, operating in opposite directions or singly, e.g. annular discs positioned on top of the valve or piston body characterised by features intended to affect valve bias or pre-stress
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/50—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics
    • F16F9/512—Means responsive to load action, i.e. static load on the damper or dynamic fluid pressure changes in the damper, e.g. due to changes in velocity
    • F16F9/5126—Piston, or piston-like valve elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: A valve structure of a shock absorber is provided to seal up a space between a rebound disk and a wall of a pilot case not to deform a rebound disk in a dual flow type valve structure. CONSTITUTION: A valve structure of a shock absorber includes a piston rod(2) installed to make a reciprocating motion in a cylinder, and a piston valve installed to the end of the piston rod and dividing the inside of the cylinder into two and generating damping force. The piston valve includes a compression valve device arranged on the upper part of a piston body to generate damping force against the pressure of working fluids passing through a compression passage, and a rebound valve device arranged on the lower part of the piston body to generate damping force against the pressure of working fluids passing through a rebound passage.

Description

Valve structure of shock absorber

The present invention relates to a valve structure of a shock absorber installed in the shock absorber to control the damping force.

In general, a shock absorber is provided between the vehicle body side and the wheel side to absorb various vibrations or shocks transmitted from the wheels in contact with the road surface while driving to improve the vehicle ride comfort and driving stability.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional shock absorber.

The shock absorber 10 includes a cylinder 1 filled with a working fluid therein. The piston rod (2) is installed in the cylinder (1) so as to reciprocate, and generates a damping force in accordance with the movement of the working fluid in the cylinder (1) during the reciprocating movement of the piston rod (2).

The cylinder 1 is composed of an inner tube 1a and an outer tube 1b outside thereof. The inner tube 1a is filled with a working fluid, that is, oil, and the outer tube 1b is filled with a working fluid for compensating the pressure in the inner tube 1a.

An upper cap 3 penetrating the upper portion of the piston rod 2 is coupled to an upper portion of the outer tube 1b, and an oil seal 4 for preventing leakage of oil is coupled therein. In addition, a lower portion of the oil seal 4 supports the piston rod 2, and a rod guide 5 for guiding the shanghai movement of the piston rod 2 is coupled.

In addition, a piston rod 2 is installed in the inner tube 1a of the cylinder 1 so as to reciprocate, and is divided into a tension chamber 6 and a compression chamber 7. In addition, a piston valve 9 is installed at the end of the piston rod 2 to control the flow of the working fluid between the tension chamber 6 and the compression chamber 7.

On the other hand, the base cap 8 is coupled to the lower portion of the cylinder 1, that is, the end of the outer tube 1b. The base cap 8 is welded to the inner circumferential surface of the outer tube 1b and sealed. In addition, the body valve 20 for controlling the flow of the working fluid is coupled to the end of the inner tube (1a).

Meanwhile, a plurality of through holes 11 and 21 are formed in the piston valve 9 and the body valve 20. In addition, the through holes 11 and 21 each form an orifice, the compression orifices 11a and 21a disposed on a circle close to the center, and the tension orifices disposed on an outer circle of the compression orifices 11a and 11a. 11b, 21b).

In addition, the piston valve 9 and the body valve 20 is provided with a plurality of disks (12, 13, 22, 23) on each of the upper and lower surfaces. The plurality of disks 12, 13, 22, 23 control the opening and closing of the compression orifices 11a, 21a or the tension orifices 11b, 21b so that a damping force is generated.

2 is a cross-sectional view showing a valve structure of a dual flow type installed at the end of a conventional piston rod. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a rebound disk and a pilot case of the dual flow valve structure shown in FIG. 2.

The shock absorber is provided with a piston rod (2) installed reciprocally in the cylinder (1) and one end of the piston rod (2), and the inside of the cylinder (1) to the upper and lower chambers (6, 7). And a piston valve 20 that operates in a bisected state to generate a damping force. The piston valve 20 is fitted to the end of the piston rod 2 and is fixed by a fastening member such as a nut 27.

The piston valve 20 includes a piston body 24 having one or more compression passages 26 through which the working fluid passes when the shock absorber is compressed and one or more rebound passages 25 through which the working fluid passes when the shock absorber is extended. ).

In addition, the piston valve 20 is disposed above the piston body 24, the compression valve means 40 for generating a damping force against the pressure of the working fluid passing through the compression passage 26 and the piston body 24 And a rebound valve means (30) arranged at the bottom of the to generate a damping force against the pressure of the working fluid passing through the rebound passage (25).

The rebound valve means 30 is mounted on the lower end surface of the piston body 24 and has a rebound disk 31 having an opening 31a formed therein, and the rebound disk 31 having an opening 33a formed therein according to the pressure of the working fluid. The pilot case 33 forming a rebound back pressure chamber 33b for urging the pressure from the rear, and a rebound attached to the lower portion of the rebound disk 31 to provide a seal between the rebound disk 31 and the pilot case 33. The seal part 32 and the rebound valve 35 mounted in the lower part of the pilot case 33 are included.

When the shock absorber is extended and the piston rod 2 rebounds, the working fluid passes through the rebound passage 25 and enters the rebound back pressure chamber 33b through the opening 31a above the rebound disk 31. The working fluid exits through the slit formed in the rebound valve 35 through the opening 33a of the pilot case 33 as shown by arrow a.

In addition, when the speed of the piston rod 2 is increased to increase the pressure of the working fluid, the working fluid presses the rebound disk 31 and flows down the cylinder 1 as shown by the arrow b. In addition, some working fluid enters the rebound back pressure chamber 33b through the opening 31a above the rebound disk 31. When the amount of the working fluid filled in the rebound back pressure chamber 33b is increased, the filled working fluid acts as a back pressure for pressing the rebound disk 31 from the rear side. Thus, the flow path formed between the rebound disk 31 and the piston body 24 is closed, and the working fluid mainly exits through the opening 33a of the pilot case 33.

As the pressure of the working fluid is further increased, the working fluid pressurizes the rebound valve 35 so that the disk-shaped rebound valve 35 is opened so that a larger amount of working fluid is forced out through the flow path therebetween.

The compression valve means 40 likewise comprises a compression disc 41, a pilot case 43, a compression seal 42 and a compression valve 45. When the shock absorber is compressed and the piston rod 2 is compressed, the working fluid is moved through a similar path as in the rebound valve means 30.

The piston valve 20 has an effect of improving the riding comfort by lowering the damping force in the ultra low speed region and the high speed region by dualizing the flow path of the working fluid according to the speed of the piston rod (2). This type of valve structure is called a dual flow damper valve structure.

In the conventional dual flow type valve structure, the rebound seal portion 32 is disposed below the rebound disk 31 to prevent the working fluid from flowing through the gap between the rebound disk 31 and the wall surface of the pilot case 33. Is attached. The rebound seal portion 32 is attached to the lower portion of the rebound disk 31. Since the rebound disk 31 is thin, deformation of the rebound disk 31 occurs in the attaching process. Accordingly, the flow of the working fluid through the rebound disk 31 is changed, causing a damping force variation. Therefore, since it is difficult to control the damping force according to the speed of the piston rod 2 as designed, it becomes a cause of impairing a riding comfort.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a valve structure of a shock absorber that seals between the rebound disk and the wall of the pilot case so that deformation of the rebound disk does not occur in the dual flow valve structure. There is this.

According to one aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object, in the valve structure of the shock absorber having a piston valve which is installed at the end of the piston rod and operates in a state bisecting the inside of the cylinder to generate a damping force, the piston valve is At least one compression passage through which the working fluid passes when the shock absorber is compressed, and at least one rebound passage through which the working fluid passes when the shock absorber is extended; Compression valve means disposed above the piston body to generate a damping force against pressure of the working fluid passing through the compression passage; Rebound valve means disposed under the piston body to generate a damping force against pressure of the working fluid passing through the rebound passage; And the rebound valve means includes: a rebound disk seated on a lower surface of the piston body and formed with a disk opening to cover the rebound passage; and a rebound for urging the rebound disk back according to the pressure of a working fluid. A pilot case defining a back pressure chamber and a pilot opening formed therein; a rebound seal portion located on a wall of the pilot case to provide fluid sealing between the rebound disk and the pilot case; and a lower portion of the pilot case to cover the pilot opening. It characterized in that it comprises a rebound valve seated on.

In addition, the rebound seal portion is formed of an elastic material, characterized in that attached to the pilot case wall.

In addition, the rebound seal portion is spaced apart from the bottom of the rebound disk, characterized in that attached to the pilot case wall.

In addition, the rebound seal portion, the sealing member; An elastic member for urging the sealing member to provide a fluid seal between the rebound disk and the pilot case; Characterized in that it comprises a.

According to the present invention, since the seal portion sealing between the rebound disk and the wall of the pilot case in the valve structure of the dual flow type shock absorber is located on the wall of the pilot case, the deformation of the rebound disk and the pilot case does not occur. It is possible to provide fluid sealing between the wall surfaces, and to provide a valve structure of the shock absorber that can prevent variations in damping force due to deformation of the rebound disk.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional shock absorber.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing a valve structure of a dual flow type shock absorber provided at the end of a conventional piston rod.
3 is a perspective view showing a rebound disk and a pilot case of the dual flow valve structure shown in FIG.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view showing the valve structure of the dual flow type shock absorber according to the present invention.
5 is a view showing an embodiment in which the seal portion is located on the pilot case wall surface in the dual flow valve structure according to the present invention.
Figure 6 is a view showing another embodiment in which the seal portion is located on the pilot case wall surface in the dual flow valve structure according to the present invention.
7 is a view showing another embodiment in which the seal portion is located on the pilot case wall in the dual flow valve structure according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, in adding reference numerals to the elements of each drawing, it should be noted that the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals as much as possible even if they are shown in different drawings.

4 is a cross-sectional view showing a dual flow type valve structure according to the present invention. 5 is a view showing an embodiment in which the seal portion is located on the pilot case wall surface in the dual flow valve structure according to the present invention.

The valve structure of the shock absorber of the present invention operates in a state in which the piston rod 2 is installed in the cylinder 1 so as to be reciprocated in the cylinder 1, and is installed at the end of the piston rod 2, and the inside of the cylinder is bisected. To generate a damping force.

The piston valve 20 includes a piston body 24 having one or more compression passages 26 through which the working fluid passes when the shock absorber is compressed and one or more rebound passages 25 through which the working fluid passes when the shock absorber is extended. ).

In addition, the piston valve 20 is disposed above the piston body 24, the compression valve means 40 for generating a damping force against the pressure of the working fluid passing through the compression passage 26 and the piston body 24 And a rebound valve means (30) arranged at the bottom of the to generate a damping force against the pressure of the working fluid passing through the rebound passage (25).

The rebound valve means 30 comprises a rebound disk 31, a pilot case 33, a rebound seal 32 and a rebound valve 35.

The rebound disk 31 rests on the bottom surface of the piston body 24 to cover the rebound passage 25. The rebound disk 31 is formed with a disc opening 31a (see FIG. 3) corresponding to the rebound passage 25.

The pilot case 33 is provided with a rebound back pressure chamber 33b for closing the flow path through the rebound disk 31 by pressing the rebound disk 31 from the rear according to the pressure of the working fluid. The pilot case 33 is formed with a pilot opening 33a connected to the rebound valve 35.

A rebound seal 32 is located on the wall of the pilot case 33 to provide fluid sealing between the rebound disk 31 and the pilot case 33.

The rebound valve 35 is seated at the bottom of the pilot case 33 to cover the pilot opening 33a to provide a passage for the working fluid therethrough.

When the shock absorber is extended and the piston rod 2 rebounds, the working fluid passes through the rebound passage 25 and enters the rebound back pressure chamber 33b through the disk opening 31a above the rebound disk 31. The working fluid exits through the slit formed in the rebound valve 35 through the pilot opening 33a of the pilot case 33 as shown by arrow a.

In addition, when the speed of the piston rod 2 is increased to increase the pressure of the working fluid, the working fluid presses the rebound disk 31 and flows down the cylinder 1 as shown by the arrow b. In addition, some working fluid enters the rebound back pressure chamber 33b through the disk opening 31a above the rebound disk 31. When the amount of the working fluid filled in the rebound back pressure chamber 33b is increased, the filled working fluid acts as a back pressure for pressing the rebound disk 31 from the rear side. Thus, the flow path formed between the rebound disk 31 and the piston body 24 is closed, and the working fluid mainly exits through the pilot opening 33a of the pilot case 33.

As the pressure of the working fluid is further increased, the working fluid pressurizes the rebound valve 35 so that the disk-shaped rebound valve 35 is opened so that a larger amount of working fluid is forced out through the flow path therebetween.

The compression valve means 40 likewise comprises a compression disc 41, a pilot case 43, a compression seal 42 and a compression valve 45. When the shock absorber is compressed and the piston rod 2 is compressed, the working fluid is moved through a similar path as in the rebound valve means 30.

Referring to FIG. 5, the rebound seal portion 32 is not attached to the lower portion of the rebound disk 31, but is attached to the wall of the pilot case 33 so that the rebound seal portion 32 is between the rebound disk 31 and the pilot case 33. Provide fluid sealing. This is because when the rebound seal portion 32 is attached to the lower portion of the rebound disk 31, deformation occurs in the thin disk-shaped rebound disk 31 during the attachment process, resulting in a change in the damping force.

In order for the rebound disk 31 to be spaced downward by the pressure of the working fluid so that the flow path between the piston body 24 and the rebound disk 31 is opened, the rebound seal portion 32 is formed of an elastic material. It is preferable.

Providing a fluid seal between the rebound disk 31 and the rebound seal portion 32, as long as the rebound disk 31 can be spaced downward by the pressure of the working fluid in contact with the rebound seal portion 32. The shape of the rebound seal portion 32 can be freely selected by those skilled in the art.

As such, in the present invention, the rebound seal portion 32 is attached to the wall of the pilot case 33 to provide fluid sealing between the rebound disk 31 and the pilot case 33, so that the deformation of the rebound disk 31 is prevented. There is no fear of this, and the damping force can be precisely controlled.

6 is a view showing another embodiment in which the seal portion is located on the pilot case wall in the dual flow valve structure according to the present invention.

In the present embodiment, the rebound seal portion 32 is attached to the wall of the pilot case 33 spaced apart from the lower portion of the rebound disk 31 by a predetermined distance. Therefore, the rebound disk 31 is spaced downward by the pressure of the working fluid without contacting the rebound seal portion 32 so that the flow path between the piston body 24 and the rebound disk 31 can be opened.

7 is a view showing another embodiment in which the seal portion is located on the pilot case wall in the dual flow valve structure according to the present invention.

In this embodiment, the rebound seal portion 32 is an elastic member 32b for pressing the sealing member 32a and the sealing member 32a to provide fluid sealing between the rebound disk 31 and the pilot case 33. ).

The sealing member 32a is preferably made of an elastic material so as to be in close contact with the wall surface of the pilot case 33 by the pressure of the elastic member 32b. Although the elastic member 32b may press the sealing member 32a from the lower part of the sealing member 32a as shown, the ring-shaped spring member which presses the sealing member 32a to the wall surface side of the pilot case 33 is shown. It may be formed as.

As long as the elastic member 32b presses the sealing member 32a to provide fluid sealing between the rebound disk 31 and the pilot case 33, the shape of the sealing member 32a and the elastic member 32b may be determined by those skilled in the art. You can choose freely.

Since the rebound seal portion 32 is made of a separate component without being attached to the wall surface of the pilot case 33 and only needs to be positioned inside the pilot case 33, there is an advantage in that the manufacturing process is simplified.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention will be.

1: cylinder
2: piston rod
20: piston valve
25: rebound passage
26: compression passage
24: piston body
30: rebound valve means
31: rebound disk
31a: disc opening
32: rebound seal part
32a: sealing member
32b: elastic member
33: pilot case
33a: pilot opening
35: rebound valve

Claims (4)

In the valve structure of the shock absorber which is installed at the end of the piston rod and has a piston valve which operates in a state bisected inside the cylinder to generate a damping force,
The piston valve,
A piston body having one or more compression passages through which the working fluid passes upon compression of the shock absorber and one or more rebound passages through which the working fluid passes upon expansion of the shock absorber;
Compression valve means disposed above the piston body to generate a damping force against pressure of the working fluid passing through the compression passage;
Rebound valve means disposed under the piston body to generate a damping force against pressure of the working fluid passing through the rebound passage; Including,
The rebound valve means,
A pilot having a pilot opening and a rebound disk seated on a lower surface of the piston body to cover the rebound passage and having a disk opening formed therein, and a rebound back pressure chamber for pressurizing the rebound disk from the rear according to the pressure of the working fluid; A case, a rebound seal portion located on the pilot case wall and providing fluid sealing between the rebound disk and the pilot case, and a rebound valve seated at the bottom of the pilot case to cover the pilot opening. The valve structure of the shock absorber. The valve structure of the shock absorber according to claim 1, wherein the rebound seal portion is formed of an elastic material and attached to a wall of the pilot case. 2. The valve structure of a shock absorber according to claim 1, wherein said rebound seal portion is attached to said pilot case wall spaced apart from said lower bound disk. The method according to claim 1, The rebound seal portion,
Sealing member;
An elastic member for urging the sealing member to provide a fluid seal between the rebound disk and the pilot case;
Valve structure of the shock absorber comprising a.
KR1020100004859A 2010-01-19 2010-01-19 Valve structure of shock absorber KR20110085202A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020100004859A KR20110085202A (en) 2010-01-19 2010-01-19 Valve structure of shock absorber

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020100004859A KR20110085202A (en) 2010-01-19 2010-01-19 Valve structure of shock absorber

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
KR20110085202A true KR20110085202A (en) 2011-07-27

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
KR1020100004859A KR20110085202A (en) 2010-01-19 2010-01-19 Valve structure of shock absorber

Country Status (1)

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KR (1) KR20110085202A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104265824A (en) * 2014-09-25 2015-01-07 陈菊芳 Shock absorber

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104265824A (en) * 2014-09-25 2015-01-07 陈菊芳 Shock absorber

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