KR101584842B1 - 리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극 및 이차전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지용 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극 및 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101584842B1 KR101584842B1 KR1020120076898A KR20120076898A KR101584842B1 KR 101584842 B1 KR101584842 B1 KR 101584842B1 KR 1020120076898 A KR1020120076898 A KR 1020120076898A KR 20120076898 A KR20120076898 A KR 20120076898A KR 101584842 B1 KR101584842 B1 KR 101584842B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- negative electrode
- secondary battery
- metal oxide
- lithium metal
- Prior art date
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018136 Li 2 Ti 3 O 7 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012465 LiTi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- -1 and for example Substances 0.000 description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000006231 channel black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCCS1(=O)=O PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910013043 Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910012810 Li3PO4—Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012797 Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910012075 Li4SiO4-LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002099 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910012346 LiSiO4-LiI-LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910012348 LiSiO4—LiI—LiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZHGDJTMNXSOQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O Chemical compound NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O ZHGDJTMNXSOQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- LLCSWKVOHICRDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diyne Chemical group C#CC#C LLCSWKVOHICRDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+] QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
구분 | D50[㎛] | BET[m2/g] |
실시예 1 | 16.9 | 3.59 |
비교예 1 | 17.2 | 5.55 |
전기 전도도 (mS/㎝) | 율 특성 10C/0.1C (%) | 접착력 [gf] | |
실시예 2 | 0.03 | 75 | 53 |
비교예 2 | 0.05 | 54 | 6.5 |
Claims (18)
- 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 둘 이상의 리튬 금속 산화물 입자가 응집된 이차입자, 및 상기 리튬 금속 산화물 입자가 응집된 이차입자 표면에 코팅된 고분자 코팅층을 포함하며,
상기 고분자 코팅층은 상기 리튬 금속 산화물 0.01% 내지 10%의 일부 표면에 코팅되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질.
[화학식 1]
LixMyOz
(상기 식에서, M은 각각 독립적으로 Ti, Sn, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn, Fe, In, Al 또는 Zr이고; x, y 및 z는 M의 산화수(oxidation number)에 따라 결정된다). - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 리튬 금속 산화물의 내부 공극률은 5∼15%이고, 입경 크기는 3∼8 ㎛이며, 비표면적(BET)은 1∼15 m2/g 인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 리튬 금속 산화물은 둘 이상의 일차 입자가 응집된 것일 수 있으며, 이때 일차 입자의 평균 입경은 100∼400 nm인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 리튬 금속 산화물은 Li4Ti5O12, LiTi2O4, Li2TiO3 및 Li2Ti3O7로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상의 리튬 티타늄 산화물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 고분자 물질은 폴리피롤 (PPY), PEDOT (poly(3,4-etheylenedioxythiophene) 또는 폴리아닐린 (PANI)인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질. - 청구항 5에 있어서,
상기 고분자 물질은 리튬 금속 산화물의 전체 중량을 기준으로 0.1∼10 중량%로 첨가되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질. - 삭제
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 음극 활물질의 입도 분포 (D50)은 5∼30 ㎛이고, 비표면적은 1∼30 m2/g인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질. - 청구항 1에 기재된 음극 활물질과, 바인더 및 도전재를 혼합하여 제조된 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질용 슬러리.
- 청구항 9에 있어서,
상기 바인더는 음극 활물질용 슬러리 전체 중량 중에 0.1∼10 중량%로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질용 슬러리. - 청구항 9에 있어서,
상기 도전재는 음극 활물질용 슬러리 전체 중량 중에 1∼10 중량%로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극 활물질용 슬러리. - 음극 집전체 상에 청구항 9에 기재된 음극 활물질용 슬러리를 도포한 후 건조 및 프레싱하여 제조된 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지용 음극.
- 양극, 분리막, 청구항 12에 기재된 음극 및 전해액을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지.
- 청구항 13에 있어서,
상기 이차전지는 리튬 이차전지인 것을 특징으로 하는 이차전지. - 청구항 14에 기재된 이차전지를 단위전지로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전지모듈.
- 청구항 15에 따른 전지모듈을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전지팩.
- 청구항 16에 따른 전지팩을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 디바이스.
- 청구항 17에 있어서,
상기 디바이스는 전기자동차, 하이브리드 전기자동차, 플러그-인 하이브리드 전기자동차, 또는 전력저장용 시스템인 것을 특징으로 하는 디바이스.
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