KR100187990B1 - 레트로바이러스성 프로테아제 억제 화합물 제조용 합성 중간체 - Google Patents
레트로바이러스성 프로테아제 억제 화합물 제조용 합성 중간체 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100187990B1 KR100187990B1 KR1019960703601A KR19960703601A KR100187990B1 KR 100187990 B1 KR100187990 B1 KR 100187990B1 KR 1019960703601 A KR1019960703601 A KR 1019960703601A KR 19960703601 A KR19960703601 A KR 19960703601A KR 100187990 B1 KR100187990 B1 KR 100187990B1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
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Classifications
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Abstract
본 발명은 레트로바이러스 프로테아제 억제 화합물 제조용 합성 중간체인 구조식의 화합물 또는 이의 염 및 일반식
Description
[발명의 명칭]
레트로바이러스성 프로테아제 억제 화합물 제조용 합성 중간체
[발명의 상세한 설명]
[기술 분야]
본 발명은 레트로바이러스성 프로테아제를 억제하기 위한, 특히 인간 면역 결핍 바이러스(HIV)프로테아제를 억제하기 위한 화합물 및 조성물 및 방법; 레트로바이러스성 감염, 특히 HIV감염을 치료하기 위한 조성물 및 방법; 위의 화합물을 제조하는 방법; 및 이러한 방법에서 사용되는 합성 중간체에 관한 것이다.
[발명의 배경]
레트로바이러스는 생명 주기 동안에 리보핵산(RNA)중간체와 RNA 의존성 데옥시리보핵산(DNA)폴리머라제인 역전사효소를 사용하는 바이러스이다. 레트로바이러스에는, 레트로바이리다에 족(Retroviridae family)RNA 바이러스 및 헤파드나바이러스 족 (Hepadnavirus family)및 카울리모바이러스 족(Caulimovirus family) DNA바이러스가 포함되며, 이로써 제한되지 않는다. 레트로바이러스는 인간, 동물 및 식물에서 각종 질환을 유발시킨다. 병리학적 관점에서 보았을 때, 보다 중요한 레트로바이러스의 일부는 인체 내에서 후천성면역 결핍증(AIDS)을 야기하는 인간 면역 결핍 바이러스(HIV-1및 HIV-2), 인체 내에서 간염과 간암을 야기하는 헤파티티스 B 바이러스, 인체 급성 세포 백혈병을 야기하는 임파추향성 바이러스 Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ 및 Ⅴ, 및 가축의 백혈병을 야기하는 소 및 고양이 백혈병 바이러스가 포함된다.
프로테아제는 특정 펩티드 결합에서 단백질을 분해하는 효소이다. 다수의 생물학적 작용은 프로테아제 및 이의 보충프로테아제 억제제에 의해 조절되거나 매개된다. 예를 들면, 프로테아제레닌은 펩티드 안지오텐시노겐을 분해하여 펩티드 안지오텐신 Ⅰ을 제공한다. 안지오텐신 Ⅰ은 프로테아제 안지오텐신 전환효소(ACE)에 의해 추가로 분해되어 저혈압 펩티드 안지오텐신 Ⅱ를 형성한다. 레닌 및 ACE의 억제제는 생체 내에서 고혈압을 저하시키는 것으로 공지되어 있다. 레트로바이러스 프로테아제의 억제제는 레트로바이러스에 의해 야기되는 질환의 치료제를 제공할 것이다.
레트로바이러스의 게놈은 풀(pol)및 개그(gag)유전자 생성물과 같은 하나 이상의 폴리 단백질 전구체의 단백질 분해 프로세싱에 관여하는 프로테아제를 암호화한다[참조: Wellink, Arch, Virol. 98 1 (1988)]. 레트로바이러스 프로테아제는 대부분 통상적으로 개그 전구체를 코어 단백질로 프로세싱하고, 또한 폴 전구체를 역전사효소아 레트로바이러스성 프로테아제로 프로세싱한다. 또한, 레트로바이러스프로테아제는 서열 특이성이다[참조 : Pearl, Nature 328, 482 (1987)].
레트로바이러스성 프로테아제에 의한 전구체 폴리 단백질의 정확한 프로세싱은 감염성 비리온의 조립에 필요하다. 프로테아제 감염성 바이러스를 생성하는 시험관내 돌연변이 유발은 감염되지 않은 비숙성 코어 형태를 생성하는 것으로 밝혀졌다[참조 : Crawford, J. Virol. 53 899 (1985); Katoh et al., Virology 145 280 (1985)]. 따라서, 레트로바이러스성 프로테이제 억제는 항균 요법에서 중요한 목표가 된다. [참조 : Mitsuya, Nature 325 775 (1987)].
바이러스성 질환에 대한 현재의 치료는 통상적으로 바이러스성 DNA합성을 억제하는 화합물의 투여를 포함한다. AIDS에 대한 현재의 치료는, 예를 들면, 3'- 아지도-3'-데옥시티미딘(AZT), 2',3'-디데옥시시티딘(DDC)및 2',3'-디데옥시이노신(DDI)과 같은 화합물과 HIV감염으로부터 야기되는 면역 억제에 의해 발생하는 기회주의적인 감염을 치료하는 화합물의 투여가 포함된다. 질환을 치료하고/하거나 역전시키는 데 총체적으로 효과적인 것으로 밝혀진 통상의 AIDS치료법은 없다. 또한, AIDS를 치료하기 위해 현재 사용되고 있는 대부분의 화합물들은 적은 혈소판 수, 직장 동성 및 골수 혈구감소증을 포함하는 부작용을 야기한다.
[발명의 상세한 설명]
본 발명에 따라, 일반식(A)의 화합물 또는 약제학적으로 허용도는 이의 염, 에스테르 또는 프포드럭(prodrug)이 제공된다.
상기식에서, R1은 2-이소프로필티아졸-4-일이고, n은 1이며, R2수소이고, R3은 이소프로필이며, R4및 R4a는 페닐이고, R6은 수소이며, R7은 티아졸-5-일이고, X는 수소이며, Y는 -OH이고, Z는 -N(CH3)-이다.
가장 바람직한 일반식(A2)의 화합물은, -CH2R4를 제공하는 탄소원자의 형태가 S이고, Y를 제공하는 탄소원자의 형태가 S이며 -CH2(R4a)를 제공하는 탄소원자의 형태가 S인 화합물이다.
본 발명의 화합물은 비대칭적으로 치환된 중심(즉, 비댕칭적으로 치환된 탄소원자)을 포함한다. 본 발명은 본 발명 화합물의라세미 혼합물, 부분입체이성체들의 혼합물 및 단독 부분입체이성체를 포함하는 화합물의 모든 입체이성체 형태를 포함하는 것이다. 용어 S 및 R 형태는 다음 문헌에서 정의되어 있는 바와 같다[참조 : IUPAC 1974 Recommendations for Section E, Fundamental Stereochemistry, Pure Appl. Chem. (1976) 45, 13-30].
본원에서 사용하는 용어 Val은 발린을 의미한다. 다른 언급이 없는 한, Val은 본원에서 사용하는 경우, 이들은 L-이성체를 나타낸다. 일반적으로, 본원에서 사용하는 아미노산 약어는 다음 문헌에 기재되어 있는 바를 따는다[참조 : IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature for amino acids and peptides(Eur. J. Biochem. 1984, 158, 9-31)]
본원에서 사용하는 용어 N-보호 그룹또는 N-보호된은 합성공정이 진행되는 동안 아미노산 도는 펩티드의 N-말단을 보호하기 위한 것이거나 바람직하지 못한 반응에 대해 아미노 그룹을 보호하기 위한 것이다. 통상적으로 사용되는 N-보호 그룹에 대해서는 본원에서 참고로 인용하는 문헌[참조 : Greene, Protective Groups In Organic Synthesis,(John wiley Sons, New York (1981)]에 기재되어 있다. N-보호 그룹은 아실 구릅(예 : 포밀,아세틸,프로피오닐,피발로일,t-부틸아세틸,2-클로로아세틸,2-브로모아세틸,트리플루오로아세틸,트리클로로아세틸,프탈릴,o-니트로페녹시아세틸,α-클로로부티릴,벤조일,4-클로로벤조일,4-브로모벤조일,4-니트로벤조일 등), 설포닐그룹(예 : 벤질옥시카보릴,p-톨루엔설포닐 등),카바메이트 형성 그룹(예: 벤질옥시설포닐,p-클로로벤질옥시카보닐,p-메톡시벤질옥시카보닐,p-니트로벤질옥시카보닐,2-니트로벤질옥시카보닐,p-브로모벤질옥시카보닐,3,4-디메톡시벤질옥시카보닐,3,5-디메톡시벤질옥시카보닐,2,4-디메톡시벤질옥시카보닐,4-메톡시벤질옥시카보닐,2-니트로-4,5-디메톡시벤질옥시카보닐,3,4,5-트리메톡시벤질옥시카보닐,1-(p-비페닐릴)-1-메틸에톡시카보닐,α,α-디메틸-3,5-디메톡시벤질옥시카보닐,벤즈하이드록시카보닐,t-부틸옥시카보닐,디이소프로필메톡시카보닐,이소프로필옥시카보닐,에톡시카보닐,메톡시카보닐,알릴옥시카보닐,2,2,2-트리클로로에톡시카보닐,페녹시카보닐,4-니트로페녹시카보닐,플루오레닐-9-메톡시카보닐,사이클로펜틸옥시카보닐,아다만틸옥시카보닐,사이클로헥실옥시카보닐,페닐티오카보닐 등), 알킬 그룹(예 : 벤질, 트리페닐메틸, 벤질옥시메틸 등) 및 실릴 그룹(예 : 트리메틸실릴 등)을 포함한다. 바람직한 N-보호 그룹은 포밀, 아세틸, 벤조일, 피발로일, t-부틸아세틸, 페닐설포닐, 벤질, t-부틸옥시카보닐(Boc)및 벤질옥시카보닐(Cbz)이다.
본원에서 사용하는 용어 O-보호 그룹은 문헌[참조 : Greene, Protective Groups In Organic Synthesis,(John Wiley Sons, New York (1981)]기재되어 있는 O-보호 그룹과 같이 합성 공정이 진행되는 동안 바람직하지 못한 반응에 대해 하이드록실 그룹을 보호하는 치환체를 의미한다. O-보호 그룹은 치환된 메틸 에스테르(예 : 메톡시메틸, 벤질옥시메틸,2-메톡시에톡시메틸,2-(트리메틸실릴)에톡시메틸,t-부틸, 벤질 및 트리페닐메틸), 테트라하이드로피라닐에테르, 치환된 에틸 에테르(예 : 2,2,2-트리클로로에틸), 살릴 에테르(예 : 트리메틸실릴, t-부틸디메틸실릴 및 t-부틸디페닐실리)및 하이드록실 그룹과 카복실산을 반응시켜 제조한 에스테르(예 : 아세테이트, 프로피오네이트, 벤조에이트 등)를 포함한다.
본원에서 사용하는 용어 활성화 에스테르 유도체는 산할라이드(예 : 산 클로라이드) 와 이로써 제한되지는 않으나, 포롬산 및 아세트산 유도 무수물, 알콕시카보닐 할라이드(예 : 이소부틸옥시카보닐클로라이드 등)로부터 유도된 무수물, N-하이드록시석신이미드유도된에스테르, N-하이드록시프탈이미드 유도된 에스테르, N-하이드록시벤조트리아졸 유도된 에스테르, N-하이드록시-5-노르보넨-2,3-다카복스아미드 유도된 에스테르, 2,4,5-트리콜로로페놀 유도된 에스테르등을 포함하는 활성화 에스테르를 의미한다.
본원에서 사용하는 용어 저급 알킬은 탄소수 1 내지 6의 직쇄형 또는 측쇄형 알킬 래디칼을 의미하며, 이러써 제한되지는 않으나, 메틸, 에틸, n-프로필, 이소프로필, n-부틸, 이소-부틸, 2급 부틸, n-펜틸, 1-메틸부틸, 2,2-디메틸부틸, 2-메틸펜틸, 2,2-디메틸포로필, n-헥실 등을 포함한다.
본원에서 사용하는 용어 알킬아미노는 -NH 래디칼에 결합된 저급 알킬 래디칼을 의미한다.
본원에서 사용하는 용어 사이클로알킬은 탄소수 3내지 7의 지방족 환을 의미하며, 이로서 제한되지는 않으나, 사이클로프로필, 사이클로펜틸, 사이클로헥실 등을 포함한다. 바람직한 사이클로알킬 그룹은 사이클로프로필이다.
본원에서 사용하는 용어 사이클로알킬알킬은 저급 알킬래디칼에 결합된 사이클로알킬 그룹을 의미하며, 이로써 제한되지는 않으나 사이클로헥실메틸을 포함한다.
본원에서 사용하는 용어 알콕시 및 티오알콕시는 각각 R15O-및 R15S(여기서, R15는 저급 알킬 그룹 또는 벤질이다)를 의미한다.
본원에서 사용하는 용어 알콕시알킬은 저급 알킬 래디칼에 결합된 알콕시 그룹을 의미한다.
본원에서 사용하는 용어 티오알콕시알킬은 저급 알킬 래디칼에 결합된 티오알콕시 그룹을 의미한다.
본원에서 사용하는 용어 디알킬아미노는 -NR16R17(여기서, R16및 R17은 독립적으로 저급 알킬 그룹으로부터선택된다)을 의미한다.
본원에서 사용하는 용어 디알킬아미노알킬은 저급 알킬래디칼에 결합된 -NR18R19(여기서, R18및 R19는 독립적으로 저급 알킬로부터 선택된다)를 의미한다.
본원에서 사용하는 용어 할로 또는 랄로겐은 -Cl, -Br, -I 또는 -F를 의미한다.
본원에서 사용하는 용어 헤테로사이클릭은 할로, 저급 알킬, 하이드록시, 알콕시 및 티오알콕시로부터 선택된 치환체에 의해 치환되거나 치환되지 않은 것으로서, 아지리디닐, 아제티디닐, 피롤리디닐, 피페라지닐, 모르폴리닐, 티오모르폴리닐, 티아졸릴, 옥사졸릴, 이소옥사졸릴, 이소티아졸릴, 피리디닐, 피리미디닐, 피리다지닐 및 피라지닐로부터 선택된 헤테로사이클릭 그룹을 의미한다.
본 발명의 바람직한 화합물은 (2S,3S,5S)-5-(N-(N-((N-메틸-N-((2-이소프로필-4-티아졸릴)메틸)아미노)카보닐)빌리닐)아미노)-2-(N-((5-티아졸릴)메톡시카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산, 또는 약제학적으로 허용되는 이의 염, 에스테르 또는 프로드럭이다.
일반식(A)의 화합물을 제조하기 위한 중간체로서 유용한 화합물에는 일반식(A3)의 화합물 또는 이의 산 부가염이 포함된다 :
상기식에서, R4및 R4a는 페닐이고, R*는 페닐, 할로 치환된 페닐, 디할로 치환된 페닐, 알콕시 치환된 페닐, 저급 알킬 치환된 페닐, 비스-트리플루오로메틸 치환된 페닐 또는 나프틸 또는 저급 알킬이다.
바람직한 중간체는 일반식(A4)의 화합물 또는 이의 산부가염이다 :
상기식에서, R4및 R4a는 페닐이고, R*는 페닐, 할로 치환된 페닐, 디할로 치환된 페닐, 알콕시 치환된 페닐, 저급 알킬 치환된 페닐, 비스-트리플루오로메틸 치환된 페닐 또는 나프틸 또는 저급 알킬이다.
가장 바람직한 일반식(A4)의 화합물은, R*가 페닐인 화합물 이다.
본 발명의 화합물은 반응도식 1 내지 8에서 나타낸 바와 같이 제조할 수 있다. 반응도식 1에서 나타낸 바와 같이, 보호된 α-아미노알데히드[(Ia)및 (Ib)](여기서, R30은 저급 알킬 또는 벤질이다)를 VCl3(테트라하이드로푸린)3및 Zn과 커플링시켜 다음의 혼합물을 수득한 다음, 화합물(Ⅱ)와 화합물(Ⅲ)을 분리할 수 있다. 화합물(Ⅱ)와 화합물(Ⅲ)을 각각 수산화바륨으로 가수분해시켜 디아미노디올[(IV)및 (V)]을 수득한다. 또는, 화합물(Ⅱ)를 아세토니트릴 속에서 α-아세톡시이소부티릴 브로마이드로 처리하여 화합물(VI)를 수득한 다음, 이를 수산화바륨으로 가수분해시키면 디아미노디올(Ⅶ)이 제공된다.
반응도식 2에서나타낸 바와 같이, 화합물(Ⅱ)를 헥산/디클로로메탄 속에서 α-아세톡시이소부티릴 브로마이드로 처리하면 브로모아세테이트(Ⅷ)가 생성된다. 화합물(Ⅷ)을 가수분해시키면서 동시에 폐환반응시켜 에폭사이드(Ⅸ)를 수득하고, 이를 수소화붕소나트륨과 트리플루오로아세트산으로 환원시켜 화합물(Ⅹ)를 수득한다. 화합물(Ⅹ)를 수산화바륨으로 가수분해시키면 디아민(XI)가 생성된다.
반응도식 3에서 나타낸 바와 같이, 화합물(XX)(여기서, R3은 이소프로필이다)을 포스겐으로 처리함으로서 이소시아네이트(XXI)로 전환시킨다. 또는, 화합물(XX)을 4-니트로페닐 클로로포르메이트로 처리하여 카바메이트(XXII)를 수득한다. 화합물(XXI)또는 화합물(XXII)를 화합물(XXIII)[여기서, Z는 N(CH3)이다]로, 경우에 따라, 촉매적 4-디메틸아미노피리딘과 함게 축합시켜 화합물 (XXIV)를 수득한다. 화합물(XXIV)을 수산화리튬으로 가수분해시켜 화합물 (XXV)을 수득한다.
반응도식 4에서 나타낸 바와 같이, 화합물(XXVIII)을 일반식 (R6)(R7)CHOC(O)OL의 활성화 유도체(XXVI)[여기서, L은 아실화 반응의 활성화 그룹(예 : p-니트로페닐, 페닐, N-석신이미딜, N-프탈이미딜, N-벤조트리아졸릴, N-5-노르보넨-2,3-카복스아미딜 또는 2,4,5-트리클로로페닐 등)이다][예 : 화합물(XXVI)을 4-니트로페닐클로로포르메이트와 반응시켜 제조한 화합물(XXVII)]로 아실화시켜 화합물(XXIXa)와 화합물(XXIXb) 또는 이들의 산 부가여의 혼합물을 제공한다. 화합물(XXIXa)는 카보디이미드로 처리함으로써[또는 화합물(XXX)의 활성화 에스테르와 반응시킴으로써]화합물(XXX)에 커플링시켜 화합물(XXXIa)을 수득한다.
반응도식 5A에서 나타낸 바와 같이, 디아민(XI)을 보론산(바람직하게는, 페닐보론산) 또는 보록신으로 처리하여 화합물(XXXII)을 수득하고, 이를 일반식(R6)(R7)CHOC(O)OL의 활성화 유도체(XXVI)[여기서, L은 아실화 방응을 위한 활성화 그룹(예 : p-니트로페닐, 페닐, N-석신이미딜, N-프로이미딜, N-벤조트리아졸, N-5-노르보넨-2,3-카복스아미딜 또는 2,4,5-트릴쿨로페닐 등)이다][예 : 화합물(XXVII)]로 선택적으로 활성화시켜 화합물(XXXIIIa)또는 이의 산부가염을 수득한다. 화합물(XXXIIIa)의 화합물(XXX)에로의 카보디이미드 개재된 커플링에 의해 [또는 화합물(XXXIIIa)의 활성화 에스테르(XXX)와의 반응에 의해]화합물(XXXIVa) 이 수득된다. 반응도식 5A에서 나타낸 공정의 바람직한 양태에 있어서, R*는 페닐이다.
반응도식 5B는 화합물(XXXIIIa)를 제조하는 또 다른 방법을 나태낸 것이다. 화합물(XI)을 (i) 2당량의 B(OR**)3[여기서, R**는 저급알킬(바람직하게는, 플루오로0이다] 또는 (ii) 2당량의 B(R***)3[여기서, R***는 할로(바람직하게는, 르루오르)이다] 및 4당량의 아민(예 트리에틸아민)과 불활성 용매(예 : 테트라하이드로푸란) 속에서 반응시키고, 일반식(R6)(R7)CHOC(O)OL의 활성화 유도체(XXVI)[여기서, L은 아실화 반응을 위한 활성화 그룹(예 : p-니트로페닐, 페닐, N-석신이미딜, N-프탈이미딜, N-벤조트리아졸릴, N-5-노르보넨-2,3-카복스아미딜 또는 2,4,5-트릴클로로페닐 등)이다][예 : 화합물(XXVII)]로 아실화시켜 화합물(XXXIIIa)또는 이의 산 부가염을 수득한다. 반응도식 5B에서 나타낸 공정의 바람직한 양태에 있어서, R**는 이소프로필이거나 R***는 플루오로이다.
반응도식 5C 는 화합물(XXXIVa)를 제조하는 또 다른 방법을 나타낸 것이다. 화합물(XI)을 2당량의 Ti(OR****)4[여기서, R***는 저급알킬(바람직하게는, 이소프로필)이다]와 반응시킨 다음, 화합물(XXX)(또는 이의 활성화 에스테르 유도체)과 반응시켜 화합물(XLIII)또는 이의 산부가염을 제공한다. 일반식(R6)(R7)CHOC(O)OL의 활성화 유도체(XXVI)[역서, L은 아실화 반응을 위한 활성화 그룹(예 : P-니트로페닐, 페닐, N-석신이미딜, N-프탈이미딜, N-베노트리아졸릴, N-5-노르보넨-2,3-카복스아미딜 또는 2,4,5-트리클로로페닐 등)이다][예 : 화합물(XXVII)]로 알실화시켜 화합물(XXXIVa)을 수득한다. 반응도식 5C에서 나타낸 공정의 바람직한 양태에 있어서, R****는 이소프로필이다.
반응도식 6은 디아미노모노올(XI)을 제조하는 또 다른 방법을 나타낸 것이다. 케토니트릴(XXXV)을 그리나드 시약[R4aCH2MgX]과 반응시켜 케토에나민(XXXVI)을 수득한다. 케토에나민을 NaBH4/CH3SO3H와 반응시킨 다음, 생성된 중간체를 (분리하지 않고) NaBH4/CF3CO2H와 반응시켜 화합물 (XXXVII)을 수득한다. 벤질 그룹을 수소화시켜 화합믈 (XI)을 수득한다. 도는, 화합물(XXXVII)의 유리아미노 그룹을 t-부틸옥시카보닐아미노 그룹으로 보호한 후, 벤질 그룹을 수소화시켜 화합물(XXXVIII)을 수득한다.
반응도식 7은 화합물(XXXVIII)을 제조하는 방법을 나타낸것이다. 화합물(XXXVI)을 N-보호하여 화합물(XXXIX)을 수득한다. 화합물(XXXIX)을 보란-테트라하이드로푸란 착물과 반응시키고, 생성물을 LIALH4또는 KBH4와 반응시켜 N,N-디벤질 전구체(XXXVIII)를 수득한다.
반응도식 8은 선택적으로 보호된 디아민(XXXIX)을 본 발명의 화합물(XL)을 제조하는 데 어떻게 사용할 수 있는가를 나타낸 것이다.
다음 실시예 는 본 발명의 신규 화합물의 제조방법을 추가로 예시한다.
[실시예 1]
A. N-(((벤질)옥시)카보닐)-L-페닐알라닌알
무수 디클로로메탄 870㎖ 중의 무수 디메틸 설폭사이드 24.5㎖의 용액을 N2 대기하에 -60℃로 냉각시키고, 초기 온도를 -50℃이하로 유지시키기 위해 디클로로메탄 중의 옥살릴 클로라이드 2M의 용액 131㎖를 사용하여 15분에 걸쳐 처리한다. 첨가한 후에, 용액을 -60℃에서 15분 동안 교반하고, 디클로로메탄 200㎖ 중의 N-(((벤질)옥시)카보닐)-L-페닐알라닌올 50g(0.175mol)의 용액을 사용하여 20분에 걸쳐 처리한다. 생성된 용액을 -60℃에서 1시간 동안 교반하고, 초기 온도를 -50℃이하로 유지시키기위해 트리에틸아민 97㎖를 사용하여 15분에 걸쳐 처리한다. 첨가한 후, 욕을 냉각시키면서, -60℃에서 15분 동안 교반하고, 이어서 물 550㎖중의시트르산 163g의용액을 사용하여 (1분에 걸쳐) 신속하게 처리한다. 생성된 슬러리를 10분 동안 격렬하게 교반하고, 승온시킨 다음, 물을 사용하여 1ℓ로 희석시키고, 이어서 분리시킨다. 물 700㎖를 사용하여 유기층을 세척하고, 물 550㎖와 수성포화 NaHCO3150㎖와의 혼합물로 희석시킨 다음, MgSO4로 건조시키고, 이어서 진공하에 20℃에서 농축시켜 조악한 목적 화합물을 담황색 고체로서 수득한다.B. (2S,3R,4R,5S)-2,5-비스-(N-(((벤질)옥시)카보닐)아미노)-3,4-디하이드록시-1,6-디페닐헥산 및(2S,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-비스-(N-(((벤질)옥시)카보닐)아미노)-3,4-디하이드룩시-1,6-디페닐헥산
무수 디클로로메탄 400㎖중의 VCL3· (테트라하이드로푸란)3 78.5g과 아연 분말 16g의 현탁액을 N2대기하에 25℃℃에서 1시간 동안 교반한다. 디클로로메탄 200㎖중의 (N-(((벤질)옥시)카보닐)-L-페닐알라닌알 0.175mol의 용액을 일부분 가하고, 생성된 혼합물을 N2대기하에 주위온도에서 16시간 동안 교반한다. 생성된 혼합물을 수성 1M HCl 500㎖에 가하고, 뜨거운 클로로포롬 500㎖로 희석시킨 다음, 2분 동안 격력하게 교반한다. 층을 분리하고, 유기층을 수성 1M HCl로 세척한 다음, 분리한다. 유기 상을 여과하여 조악한 목적 화합물을 고체잔사로서 수득한다. 잔사를 아세톤 1.25ℓ 속에서 슬러리화하고, 진한 황산 5㎖로 처리한 다음, 주우 온도에서 16시간 동안 교반한다. 생성된 혼합물을 여과하고, 잔사(잔사 A) 를 아세톤 50㎖로 세척한다. 합한 여액을 농축시켜 250㎖로 하고, 디클로로메탄 1000㎖로 희석시킨 다음, 물로 3회, 포화 염수로 1회 세척하고, MgSO4로 건조시킨 다음, 농축시켜 점성 오일을 수득한다. 오일을 메탄올 중의 1M HCl 1000㎖(아세틸클로라이드 71㎖와 메탄올 1000㎖로 제조함)에 취하고, 주위온도에서 2시간 동안 교반한다. 생성된 침전물을 여과하고, 메탄올로 세척한다음, 필터에서 공기건조시켜 목적하는 화합믈을 백색 고체로서 26.7g 수득한다. 여액을 농축시키고, 여과하여 제2생성물인 (2S,3R,4R,5S)-2,5-비스-(N-(((벤질)옥시)카보닐)아미노)-3,4-디하이드록시-1,6-디페닐헥산을 8.3g 수득한다.
진사 A(2.65g)를 테트라하이드로푸란 75㎖와 수성 1M HCl 75㎖에 현탁시키고, 환류하에 24시간 동안 가열한다. 생성된 용액을 진공 속에서 농축시킨 후, 진사를 디클로로포름 중의 10% 메탄올에 취하고, 물로 2회 세척한 다음, Na2SO4로 건조시키고, 진공 속에서 농축시켜 (2S,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-비스-(N-(((벤질)옥시)카보닐)아미노)-3,4-디하이드록시-1,6-디페닐헥산을 백색 고체로서 수득한다.
C. 2S,3S,4S,5S)-3-아세톡시-2,5-비스-(N-(((벤질)옥시)카보닐)아미노)-3,4-디하이드록시-1,6-디페닐헥산
2:1 디클로메탄/헥산 500㎖중의 (2S,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-비스-(N-(((벤질)옥시)카보닐)아미노)-3,4-디하이드록시-1,6-디페닐헥산 25g(44mmol)의 현탁액을 α-아세톡시이소부티릴 브로마이드 23g으로 처리한다. 생성된 혼합물을 반응물이 맑아질 때까지 주위온도에서 교반하고, 수성 포화 NaHCO3200㎖ 분획으로 2회 세척한 다음, MgSO4로 건조시키고, 진공 속에서 농축시켜 조악한 목적 화합물을 30.8g 수득한다. 9 : 1 디클로로케탄 : 에틸 아세테이트를 사용하여 분획을 실리카 겔 크로마토그라피로 정제하여 순수한 목적 화합물을 백색 고체로서 수득한다.
D. (2S,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-비스-(N-(((벤질)옥시)카보닐)아미노)-3,4-에폭시-1,6-디페닐헥산
디옥산 375㎖중의 (2S,3S,4S,5S)-3-아세톡시-2,5-비스-(N-(((벤질)옥시)카보닐)아미노)-3-브로모-1,6-디페닐헥산 35.56g (52.8mmol)의 용액을 1N 수성 수산화나트륨 255㎖로 처리하고, 목적 화합물이 침전되는 동안 주위온도에서 16시간 동안 교반한다. 생성된 혼합물을 여과하고, 잔사를물로 세척한 다음, 건조시켜 목적 화합물을 백색 고체로서 22.23g(76%) 수득한다.
E. (2S,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-비스-(N-(((벤질)옥시)카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산
THF 600㎖중의 (2S,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-비스-(N-(((벤질)옥시)카보닐)아미노)-3,4-에폭시-1,6-디페닐헥산 39.2g(71.2mmol)의 혼합물을 N2대기하에 나트륨 보로하이드라이드 13g(0.35mol)으로 처리한다. 생성된 화합물을 트리플루오로아세트산 27.7㎖(0.36mol)로 적가처리한다. 주위 온도에서 3.5시간 동안 교반한 후, 생성된 혼합물을 1N수성 HCl로 퀸칭시키고, 물로 세척한 다음, 건조시켜 목적 화합물을 백색 고체로서 22.85g(58%)수득한다.
F. (2S,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-디아미노-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드로시헥산
1,4-디옥산 400㎖및 물 400㎖중의 실시예 1E의 조악한 생성 화합물 32g 및 수산화바륨 8수화물 55.5g(176mmol)의 현탁액을 환류하에 4시간 동안 가열한다. 생성된 혼합물을 여과하고, 잔사를 디옥산으로 세정한다. 합한 여액을 농축시켜 약 200㎖로 하고, 클로로포름 400㎖ 분획으로 4회 추출한다. 합한 유기층을 Na2SO4로 건조시키고, 여과한 다음, 진공 속에서 농축시킨다. 우선 클로로포름 중의 2% 이소프로필 아민을 사용하고 이어서 콜로로포롬 중의 2% 이소프로필아민/2% 메탄올을 사용하여 잔사를 실리카 겔 크로마토 그라피로 정제하여 순수한 목적 화합물을 백색 고체로서 10.1g(81%)수득한다.
G. (4S,6S,1'S)-6(1-아미노-2-페닐에틸-4-벤질-2-페닐-3-아자-2-보라-1-옥사사이클로헥산
톨루엔 1.2ℓ중의 (2S,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-디아미노-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산 131g(460mmol)의 용액을 N2대기하에 페닐붕산 56.16g(460mmol)으로 처리한다. 생성된 용액을 환류(욕 온도 : 135℃)하에 가열하고, 증류물이 투명해질 대까지 딘 스타크 트랩을 사용하여 물을 공비증류시킨 다음, 이론량의 물(15.6㎖)을 수거한다(약 1.5시간).냉각시킨 후, 용액을 진공 속에서 농축시켜 조악한 목적 화합물을 수지로서 176g 수득한다.
H. 티오포름아미드
디에닐 에테르 1ℓ 중의 포름아미드(30.5㎖,0.76mol)의 용액으로 채워진 오버헤드 교반기가 장착된 차가운 (0℃)2ℓ들이 3구 환저플라스크에 오황화인 89g(0.19mol)을 소분획 가한다. 반응 혼합물을 실온으로 승온시키고, 2시간 동안 교반한 다음, 여과하고, 진공 속에서 농축시켜, 악취가 나는 황색 오일로서 티오포름아미드를 수독하고 정제하지 않고 사용한다.
I. 에틸 2-클로로-2포르밀아세테이트
칼륨 t-부톡사이드(0.5mol, THF 중의 1M 용액 500㎖)와 무수 THF 500㎖가 충전되어있고 0℃로 냉각된 2ℓ들이 3구 환저 플라스크에 THF 200㎖중의 에틸 클로로아세테이트(0.5mol, 53.5㎖)와 에틸 포르메이트(0.5mol, 40.4㎖)의 용액을 적가 펀넬을 통하여 3시간에 걸쳐 적가한다. 첨가를 완결한 후, 반응 혼합몰을 1시간 동안 교반하고, 밤새 방치한다. 생성된 고체를 디에틸 에테르로 희석시키고, 빙욕속에서 냉각시킨다. 이어서, 6N HCl 을 사용하여 pH를 약 3으로 저하시킨다. 유기상을 분리시키고, 수성 충을 디에틸 에테르로 3회 세척한다. 합한 에테르성 분획을 NaSO4로 건조시키고, 진공 속에서 농축시킨다. 조악한 목적 화합물을 -30℃에서 저장하고, 추가로 정제하지 않고 사용한다. 플라스크에 오황화인 89g(0.19mol)을 소분획 가한다. 반응 혼합물을 실온으로 승온시키고, 2시간 동안 교반한 다음, 여과하고, 진공 속에서 농축시켜, 악취가 나는 황색 오일로서 티오포름아미드를 수득하고 정제하지 않고 사용한다.
I. 에틸 2-클로로-2-포르밀아세테이트
칼륨 t-부톡사이드(0.5mol, THF 중의 1M 용액 500㎖)와 무수 THF 500㎖가 충전되어 있고 0℃로 냉각된 2ℓ들이 3구 환저 플라스크에 THF 200㎖중의 에틸 클로로아세테이트(0.5mol, 53.5㎖)와 에틸 포르메이트(0.5mol, 40.4㎖)의 용액을 적가 펀넬을 통하여 3시간에 걸쳐 적가 펀넬을 통하여 3시간에 걸쳐 적가한다. 첨가틀 완결한 후, 반응 혼합물을 1시간 동안 교반하고, 밤새 방치한다. 생성된 고체를 디에틸 에테르로 희석시키고, 빙욕속에서 냉각시킨다. 이어서, 6N HCl 을 사용하여 pH를 약 3으로 저하시킨다. 유기상을 분리시키고, 수성 층을 디에틸 에테르로 3회 세척한다. 합한 에테르성 분획을 NaSO4로 건조시키고, 진공 속에서 속에서 농축시킨다. 조악한 목적 화합물을 -30℃에서 저장하고, 추가로 정제하지 않고 사용한다.
J. 에틸 티아졸-5-카복실레이트.
환저 플라스크에 무수 아세톤 250㎖, 티오포름아미드 7.5g(0.123mol) 및 에틸 2-클로로-2-포르밀아세테이트 18.54g(0.123mol)을 가한다. 반응물을 환류하에 2시간 동안 가열한다. 용매를 진공 속에서 제거하고, 잔사를 크로마토그라피로 정제(SiO2,외부 직경 6m 컬럼,100% CHCl3,Rf=0.25)하여 목적 화합물을 담황색 오일로서 11.6g(60%)수득한다.
K. 5-(하이드록시메틸)티아졸.
THF 250㎖중의 수소화리튬알루미늄(76mmol)을 함유하는 예비냉각된(빙욕) 500㎖들이 3구 플라스크에 THF 100㎖중의 에틸티아졸-5-카복실레이트(11.82g,75.68mmol)를 1.5시간에 걸쳐 적가하여 과잉의 발포를 피한다. 반응물을 추가의 시간 동안 교반하고, 물 2.9㎖, 15% NaOH 2.9㎖ 및 물 8.7㎖로 가성 처리한다. 고체 염을 여과하고, 여액을 제거한다. 조악한 염을 에틸 아세테이트 100㎖ 속에서 환류하에 30분 동안 가열한다. 생성된 혼합물을 여과하고, 두 여액을 합한 다음, NaSO4로 건조시키고, 진공 속에서 농축시킨다. 클로로포름 중오 0%, 2%, 4% 메탄올로 연속적으로 용출시키면서, 생성물을 실리카 겔 크로마토그라피로 정제하여 목적 화합물을 수득하고[Rf=0.3(크로로포롬 중의 4% 메탄올)], 방치시켜 고화시킨다(수율 : 75%).
L. ((5-티아졸릴)메틸)-(4-니트로페닐)카보네이트.
메틸렌 클로라이드 100㎖ 중의 5-(하이드록시메틸)티아졸 3.11g(27mmol) 및 과량의 N-메틸 모르폴린의 용액을 0℃로 냉각시키고, 4-니트로페닐 클로로포르메이트 8.2g(41mmol) 으로 처리한다. 1시간 동안 교반한 후, 반응 혼합물을 CHCl3로 희석시키고, 1N HCl, 포화 수성 NaHCO3및 포화 염수로 연속적으로 세척한 다음, NaSO4로 건조시키고, 진공 속에서 농축시킨다. 잔사를 실리카 겔 크로마토그라피로 정제하여 (SiO2,1-2% MeOH/CHCl3,Rf=0.5 4% MeOH/CHCl3중)목적 화합물을 황색 고체로서 5.9g(78%) 수득한다.
M. (2S,3S,4S,5S)-5-아미노-2-(N-((5-티아졸릴)메톡시카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산 및 (2S,3S,4S,5S)-2-아미노-5-(N-((5-티아졸릴)메톡시카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산.
THF 20㎖ 중의 (2S,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-디아미노-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산 500㎎(1.71mmol)및 ((5-티아졸릴)메틸)-(4-니트로페닐)카보네이트 480㎎(1.71mmol)의 용액을 주위온도에서 4시간 동안 교반한다. 진공 속에서 용매를 제거한 후, 우선 클로로포름 중의 2%메탄올을 사용하고 이어서 5%메탄올을 사용하여 실리카 겔 크로마토그라피로 잔사를 정제하여 목적 하는 두 화합물의 혼합물을 수득한다. 93 : 2 이소프로필아민 : 클로로포름 중의 0%, 1% 및 2% 메탄올의 구배를 사용하여 혼합물을 실리카 겔 크로마토그라피하여 (2S,3S,5S)-5-아미노-2-(N-((5-티아졸릴)메톡시카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산(Rf 0.48,96:2:2 클로로포름:메탄올:이소프로필아민) 110㎎(16%)과 (2S,3S,5S)-2-아미노-5-(N-((5-티아졸릴)메톡시카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산(Rf 0.48,96:2:2 클로로포름:메탄올:이소프로필아민) 185㎎(28%)을 수득한다.
N. (2S,3S,5S)-5-아미노-2-(N-((5-티아졸릴)메톡시카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산 .
무수 THF 700㎖ 중의조악한 (4S,6S,1'S)-6-(1-아미노-2-페닐에틸)-4-벤질-2-페닐-3-아자-2-보라-1-옥사사이클로헥산 40mmol의 용액을 -40℃로냉각시키고, 무수 THF 300㎖ 중의 ((5-티아졸릴)메틸)-4-(니트로페닐) 카보네이트 7.83g(27.9mmol)의 용액을 사용하여 1시간에 걸쳐 적가처리한다. 생성된 용액을 3시간 동안 0℃로 승온시키고, 이어서 16시간 동안 주위온도로 승온시킨다. 용매를 진공속에서 제거하고, 잔사를 에틸 아세테이트 700㎖에 취한 다음, 수성 1N NaOH 150㎖ 분획으로 3회, 염수 150㎖ 분획으로 1회 세척한다. 유기상을 Na2SO4로 건조시키고, 진공속에서 농축시킨다. 메탄올/클로로포름 혼합물을 사용하여 실리카 겔 크로마토그라피로 잔사를 정제하여 레지오이소머와 함께 목적 화합물을 수득한다. 클로로포름 중의 1 내지 3% 이소프로필아민을 사용하여 2차 크로마토그라피하여 목적 화합물을 5.21g 수득한 다음, 방치하여 고화시킨다.
O. 2-메틸프로판-티오아미드.
디에틸 에테르 4ℓ중의이소부티르아민 100g(0.115mol)의 현탁액을 격렬하게 교반하고, P4S1051g(0.115mol)분획으로 처리한다. 생성된 혼합물을 주위온도에서 2시간 동안 교반하고, 여과한 다음, 진공 속에서농축시켜 조악한 목적 화합물을 94.2g(80%) 수득한다.
P. 4-(클로로메틸)-2-이소프로필티아졸 하이드로클로라이드.
아세톤 1.6ℓ 중의 2-메틸프로판-티오아미드 94.0g(0.91mol), 1,3-디클로로아세톤 115.7g(0.91mol) 및 MgSO4109.79(0.91mol)의 혼합물을 환류하에 3.5시간 동안 가열한다. 생성된 혼합물을 냉각시키고, 여과한 다음, 용매를 진공 속에서 제거하여 조악한 목적 화합물을 황색 오일로서 수득한다.
Q. 2-이소프로필-4-(((N-메틸)아미노)메ㅌㄹ)티아졸.
물 100㎖중의 4-(클로로메틸)-2-이소프로필티아졸 하이드로 클로라이드 40g의 용액을 40% 수성 메틸아민 400㎖에 교반하면서 적가한다. 생성된 용액을 1시간 동안 교반하고, 진공 속에서 농축시킨다. 클로로포룸 중의 10% 메탄올을 사용하여 실리카 겔크로마토그라피로 잔사를 정제하여 목적 화합물을 21.35g(55%)수득한다.
R. N-(((4-니트로페닐)옥시)카보닐)-L-발린 메틸 에스테르.
CH2Cl21.2ℓ 중의 4-니트로페닐 클로로포르메이트 66.1g(0.382mol)의 용액을 0℃로냉각시키고, L-발린 메틸 에스테르 하이드로클로라이드로 처리한다. 생성된 혼합물을 교반하면서 4-메틸모르폴린 68.9㎖(0.626mol) 로 서서히 처리한다. 생성된 용액을 주위온도로 서서히 승온시키고, 밤새 교반한다. 10% 수성 NaHCO33분획으로 세척한 후, 용액을 Na2SO4로 건조시키고, 진공 속에서 농축시킨다. 클로로포름으로 용출시키며서 실리카 겔 크로마토그라피로 잔사를 정제하여 목적 화합물을 수득한다.
S. N-((N-메틸-N((2-이소프로필-4-티아졸릴)메틸)아미노)키보닐)-L-발린 메틸 에스테르.
THF 200㎖ 중의 2-이소프로필-4(((N-메틸)아미노)메틸)티아졸 15.7g(92mmol)의 용액을 N-(((4-니트로페닐)옥시)카보일)-L-발린 메틸 에스테르 20.5g(69mol)의 용액과 혼합한다. 생성된 용액을 4-디메틸아미노피리딘 1.6g과 트리에틸아민 12.9㎖(92mmol)로 처리하고, 환류하에 2시간 동안 가열한 다음, 냉각시키고, 진공 속에서 농축시킨다. 잔사를 CH2Cl2에 취하고, 5% 수성 K2CO3로 광범위하게 세척한 다음, Na2SO4로건조시키고, 이어서진공 속에서 농축시킨다. 용출제로서 클로로포름을 사용하여 실리카 겔 크로마토그라피로생성물 혼합물을 정제하여 목적 화합물을 16.3g(54%) 수득한다.
T. N-((N-메틸-N-((2-이소프로필-4-티아졸릴)메틸)아미노)카보닐)-L-발린.
디옥산 17㎖중의 실시예 1S의 생성 화합물 1.42g(4.3mmol)의 용액을 0.5M 수성 LiOH 17.3㎖로 처리한다. 생성된 용액을 30분 동안 실온에서 교반하고, 1M HCl 8.7㎖로 처리한 다음, 진공 속에서 농축시킨다. 잔사를 디클로로메탄에 취하고, 물로 세척한 다음, Na2SO4로 건조시키고, 진공 속에서 농축시켜 목적 화합물을 1.1g(81%)수득한다.
U. (2S,3S,5S)-5-(N-(N-((N-메틸-N-((2-이소프로필-4-티아졸릴)메틸)아미노)카보닐)발리닐)아미노)-2-(N-((5-티아졸릴)메톡시카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산 .
THF 2㎖중의 N-((N-메틸-N-((2-이소프로필-4-티아졸릴)메틸)아미노)카보닐)-L- 발린 70㎎(0.223mmol), (2S,3S,5S)-5-아미노-2-(N-((5-티아졸릴)메톡시카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산 79㎎(0.186mmol), 1-하이드록시 벤조트리아졸 하이드레이트 30㎎(0.223mmol)및 N-에틸-N'-디메틸아미노프로필카보디이미드 51㎎(0.266mmol)의 용액을 주위온도에서 16시간 동안 교반한다. 생성된 용액을 진공 속에서 농축시키고, 97 : 3 CH2Cl2: CH3OH 를 사용하여 실리카겔 크로마토그라피로 잔사를 정제하여 목적 화합물(Rf 0.4,95:5CH2Cl2:CH3OH)을 고체로서 100㎎(74%)수득한다.
[실시예 2]
(2S,3S,5S)-2,5-디아미노-3-하이드록시-1,6-디페닐헥산 다하이드로 클로라이드.
[실시예 2A]
(L)-N,N-ㄷ벤질페닐알라닌 벤질 에스테르.
L-페닐알라닌(11kg,66.7mOLE), 탄산칼륨(29㎏,210mole)및 물(66ℓ)과 벤질 클로라이드(27㎏, 213mole)를 함유하는 요액을 10 내지 24시간 동안 90±15℃로 가열한다. 반응 혼합물을 실온으로 냉각시키고, 헵탄(29ℓ)을 가한다. 층을 분리하고, 유기물을 메탄올/물(1/2 V/V)용액(22ℓ)으로 1 내지 2회 세척한다. 이어서, 유기물을 스트리핑하여 목적 생성물을 오일로서 수득한다.
[실시예 2B]
(4S)-4-(N,N-디벤질아미노)-3-옥소-5-페닐-펜타노니트릴.
데트라하이드로푸란 520㎖와 아세토니트릴 420㎖중의 실시예 66A의 생성물(즉, 벤질 에스테르) 약 0.45mole을 함유하는 용액을 질소하에 -40℃로 냉각시킨다. 테트라하이드로푸란 850㎖중의 나트륨아미드 48.7g(1.25mole)을 함유하는 제2 용액을 -40℃로 냉각시킨다. 나트륨 아미드 용액에 아세토니트릴 75㎖를 서서히 가하고, 생성된 용액을 -40℃에서 15분 이상 교반한다. 나트륨 아미드/아세토니트릴 용액을 -40℃에서 벤질 에스테르 용액에 서서히 가한다. 합한 용액을 -40℃에서 1시간 동안 교반하고, 25%(W/V)시트르산 용액 1150㎖로 퀸칭시킨다. 생성된 슬러리를 실온으로 승온시키고, 유기물을 분리한다. 이어서, 유기물을 25%(W/V)염화나트륨 용액 350㎖로 세척하고, 헵탄 900㎖로희석시킨다. 유기물을 5% 염화나트륨 용액 900㎖로3회, 10% 메탄올성 수용액 900㎖로 1회 세척한다. 유기용매를 진공 속에서 제거하고, 생성된 물질을 뜨거운 에탄올 700㎖에 용해시킨다. 실온으로 냉각시킨 후, 목적 화합물은 침전된다. 여과하여, L-페닐알라닌으로부터 목적 화합물을 59%의 수율로 수득한다.
[실시예 2C]
(4S)-4-(N,N-디벤질아미노)-3-옥소-5-페닐펜타노니트릴의 다른 제법. 플라스크에 나트륨 아미드(5.8g,134mmol)를 질소하에 가하고, 이어서 메틸 t-부틸 에테르(MTBE) 100㎖를 가한다. 교반된 용액을 0℃로 냉각시킨다. 아세토니트릴 8.6㎖(165mmol)를 1부에 걸쳐 가한다. 용액을 5±5℃에서 30분 동안 교반한다. MTBE 125㎖중의 (L)-N,N-디벤질페닐알라닌 벤질 에스테르 25g(90% 순수,51.6mmol)의 용액을 15분에 걸쳐 가하고, 반응이 완결될 때까지 (약 3시간), 생성된 불균질한 혼합물을 5±5℃에서 교반한다. 반응물을 25%W/V수성시트르산 100㎖로 퀀칭시키고, 층을 분리하기 전에, 25℃로 가온한다. 이어서, 유기물을 H20 100㎖로 세척한다. 수성 층을 분리시키고, 유기물을 여과한 다음, 진공 속에서 농축시킨다. 잔사를 에탄올 50㎖로부터 결정화하여 목적 화합물을 백색 고체로서 13.8g수득한다.
[실시예 2D]
(5S)-2-아미노-5-(N,N-디벤질아미노)-4-옥소-1,6-디페닐헥스-2-엔. 테트라하이드로푸란 29ℓ 중의 실시예 2B의 생성물(20㎏,29mole)의 5℃용액에 벤질마그네슘 클로라이드 45㎏(THF중 2 ㅡ 84.5mole)을 가한다. 용액을 실온으로 승온시키고, 분석한 결과 출발물질이 없어질 때까지 교반한다. 이어서, 용액을 5℃로 다시 냉각시키고, 15% 시틀산 용액 54ℓ를 서서히 가하여 과량의 벤질마그네슘 클로라이드를 퀀칭시킨다. 유기물을 분리하고, 10% 염화나트륨 27ℓ로 세척한 다음, 스트리핑하여 고체로 한다. 생성물을 에탄올(200도) 27ℓ로 다시 스트리핑하고, 뜨거운 에탄올(200도) 67ℓ에 용해시킨다. 실온으로 냉각시키고, 12시간 동안 교반한 후, 생성물을 여과하고, 진공 오븐 속에서 30℃에서 건조시켜 융점이 101 내지 102℃인 목적 화합물을 24㎏ 수득한다.
[실시예 2E]
(2S,3S,5S)-5-아미노-2-(N,N-디벤질아미노)-3-하이드록시-1,6-디페닐헥산. (i)테트라하이드로푸란 157ℓ중의 나트륨 보로하이드라이드 6.6㎏(175mole)의 현탁액을 -10±5℃미만으로 냉각시킨다.메탄설폰산 41.6㎏(433mole)을 서서히 가하고, 첨가하는 동안 온도를 0℃이하로 유지시킨다. 완결한 후, 첨가하는 동안 온도를 0℃이하로 유지시키면서 물 6ℓ(333mole), 실시예 2D의 생성물 20㎏(43mole) 및 테트라하이드로푸한 61ℓ의 용액을 가한다. 혼합물을 0±5℃에서19시간 이상 동안 교반한다.
(ii)플라스크에 나트륨 보로하이드라이드 6.6㎏(175mole)과 테트라하이드로푸란 157ℓ를 가한다. 5±5℃로 냉각시킨 후, 온도를 15℃이하로 유지시키면서 트리플루오르 아세트산 24.8㎏(218mole)을 가한다. 용액을 15±5℃에서 30분 동안 교반하고, 온도를 20℃미만에서유지시키면서 단계(i)에서 생성된 반응 혼합물에 가한다. 반응이 완결될 때까지 20±5℃에서 교반한다. 이어서, 용액을 10±5℃로 냉각시키고, 3N NaOH 195㎏으로 퀀칭시킨다. 3급 부틸메틸 에테르 162ℓ와 함께 교반한 후, 유기층을 분리하고, 0.5N NaOH 200㎏으로 1회, 20%W/V수성 암모늄 클로라이드 195㎏으로 1회, 25%수성염화나트륨 160㎏으로 2회 세척한다. 유기물을 스트리핑하여 목적화합물을 오일로서 수득하고, 이를 다음 단계에서 직접 사용한다.
[실시예 2F]
(2S,3S,5S)-2,5-디아미노-3-하이드록시-1,6-디페닐헥산 디하이드로클로라이드. 메탄올(250㎏) 중의 [2S,3S,5S]-2-(N,N-디벤질아미노) 3-하이드록시-5-아미노-1,6-디페닐헥산(20kg, 43.1mol)의 교반 용액에 물(23㎏)중의 암모늄 포르메이트(13.6㎏,215mol)의 수용액 및 탄소상5% 습윤 팔라듐의 수성 현탁액(4.0㎏,데구사 촉매,E101 NE/W,약50-60중량%)을 첨가한다. 생성된 현탁액을 6시간 동안 가열(70±10℃)하여 환류시킨 다음, 실온으로 냉각시킨다. 현탁액을 규조토베드에 통과시켜 여과하고, 케이크를 메탄올(2×30㎏)로 세척한다. 여액을 진공 증류시켜 수성 오일로 농축시킨다. 수성 잔기를 1N NaOH(200ℓ)에 취하고, 에틸 아세테이트(155㎏)로 추출한다. 유기 생성물 층을 20% 염화나트륨 수용액(194㎏)으로 세척하고, 이어서 물(97㎏)로 세척한다. 에틸 아세테이트 생성물 용액을 진공증류하에 농축시켜 오일로 한다. 잔사에 이소프로판을 (40㎏)을 충전시키고, 용액을 진공증류하에 다시 농축시켜 오일로 한다. 오일에 이소프로판을 (160㎏)과 진한 수성 염산(20.0㎏)을 층진시킨다. 이어서, 현탁액/용액을 1시간 동안 가열하여 환류시키고, 실온으로 서서히 냉각시킨다. 슬러리를 12내지 16시간 동안 교반한다. 슬러리를 여과하고,케이크를 에틸 아세테이트(30㎏)로 세척한다. 습윤케이크를 이소프로판을 (93㎏)과 물(6.25㎏)에 재현탁시키고, 1시간 동안 교반하면서 가열하여 환류시킨다. 이어서, 반응 혼합물을 실온으로 서서히 냉각시키고, 12 내지 16시간 동안 교반한다. 반응 혼합물을 여과하고, 습윤 케이크를 이소프로판을 (12㎏)로 세척한다. 고체를 약 24시간 동안 45℃의 진공오븐 속에 건조시켜 목적 생성물을 7.5㎏수득한다.
[실시예 3]
(2S,3S,5S)-2-아미노-3-하이드록시-5-(t-부틸옥시카보닐아미노)-1,6-디페닐헥산.
[실시예 3A]
(2S,3S,5S)-2-(N,N-디벤질아미노)-3-하이드록시-5-(t-부틸옥시카보닐아미노)-1,6-디페닐헥산. 테트라하이드로푸란(200㎖)중의 (2S,3S,5S)-2-(N,N-디벤질아미노)-3-하이드록시-5-아미노-1,6-디페닐헥산(10.0g,21.6mmol)의 교반 용액에 물(200㎖)중의 탄산칼륨(6.0g,43.2mmol)을 첨가한다. 이용액에 테트라하이드로푸란(10㎖)중의 디-t-부틸디카보네이트(5.64g, 25.9mmol)를 첨가한다. 생성된 용액을 실온에서 3시간 동안 교반한다. N,N-디메틸에틸렌디아민(1㎖, 8.6mmol)을 첨가하고, 반응 혼합물을 실온에서 1시간 동안 교반한다. 에틸 아세테이트(400㎖)를 첨가하고, 유기층을 분리한 다음, 5% KH2PO4(2×200㎖), 물(1×200㎖), 포화 NaHCO3(2×200㎖) 및 물(1×200㎖)로 세척한다. 이어서, 유기 용액을 황산나트륨으로 건조시키고 감압하에 농축시켜 목적 생성물을 담황색 오일로서 수득한다.
[실시예 3B]
(2S,3S,5S)-2-아미노-3-하이드록시-5-(t-부틸옥시카보닐아미노)-1,6-디페닐헥산. 메탄올(350㎖)중의 (2S,3S,5S)-2(N,N-디벤질아미노)-3-하이드록시-5-(t-부틸옥시카보닐아미노)-1,6-디페닐헥선(12g, 21.3mmol)의 교반 용액에 암모늄 포르메이트(8.05g, 128mmol,6.0당량)와 탄소상 10% 필라듐(2.4g)을 층진시킨다. 용액을 질소하에 60℃에서 3시간 동안 교반한 다음, 75℃에서 12시간 동안 교반한다. 추가량의 암모늄 포르메이트(6g)와 탄소상 10% 필라듐(1.5g)뿐만 아니라 빙초산(1㎖)을 첨가한다. 환류온도에서 2시간 이내에 반응을 완결시킨다. 이어서, 반응 혼합물을 실온으로 냉각시키고, 셀라이트 베드를 통과시켜 여과한다. 필터 케이크를 메탄올(75㎖)로 세척하고, 합한 여액을 감압하에 농축시킨다. 잔사를 1N NaOH(300㎖)에 취하고, 메틸렌 클로라이드(2×200㎖)로 추출한다. 합한 유기층을 염수(250㎖)로 세척하고, 황산나트륨으로 건조시킨다. 용액을 감압하에 농축시켜 목적 생성물을 담색의 오일로서 수득한다. 생성물을 방치하여 결정화한다(5g). 생성물을 섬광 크로마토그래피(실리카 겔, 메틸렌클로라이드 중의 5% 메탄올)하여 추가로 정제할 수 있다.
[실시예 4]
(2S,3S,5S)-2-아미노-3-하이드록시-5-(t-부틸옥시카보닐아미노)-1,6-디페닐헥산의 다른 제법
[실시예 4A]
(5S)-2-(t-부틸옥시카보닐아미노)-5-(N,N-디벤질아미노)-1,6-디페닐-4-옥소-2-헥센. 메틸 t-부틸에테르(100㎖)중의 실시예 2D의 생성 화합물 ( 9.21gm 20mmol)과 4-N,N-디메틸아미노피리딘(0.37gm,3mmol)에 동일한 용매(25㎖)중의 디-t-부틸 디카보네이트(4.80gm,22mmol)의 용액을 사린지펌프를 경유하여 6시간에 걸쳐 가한다. 이어서 추가량(3㎖)의 메틸 t-부틸에테르를 가하여 첨가를 완결한다. 실온에서18시간 동안 교반한 후, 반응 혼합믈을 빙수욕을 사용하여 냉각시킨다. 생성된 고체를 흡인여과하여 수거하고, 차가운(0℃)메틸 t-부틸 에테르와 핵산으로 세척한 다음, 진공하에 건조시켜 조악한 물질을 백색고체로서 9.9gm 수득한다. 분리된 물질을 최소량의 디클로로메탄에 용해시키고, 실리카 겔에서 섬광 크로마토그래피하여 정제한다. 헥산-에틸 아세테이트-디클로로메탄(8:1:1)의 혼합물로 컬럼을 용출시키고, 적당한 분획을 농축시켜, 융점이 191 내지 193℃인 목적화합물을 8.1gm(72%) 수득한다.
[실시예 4B]
(5S)-2-(t-부틸옥시카보닐아미노)-5-(N,N-디벤질아미노)-1,6-페닐-4-옥소-2-헥센의 다른 제법. N2하에 15% 에틸 아세테이트/헥산(2ℓ)중의 (S)-2-아미노-5-(N,N-디벤질아미노)-1,6-디페닐-4-옥소-2-헥센(100.0g, 0.217mol)의 현탁액을 약 40℃로 가온한다. 생성된 용액을 실온으로 냉각시키고, 이어서 N,N-디메틸-4-아미노피리딘(4.0g,33mmol)과 디-t-부틸디카보네이트(49.7g,0.228mol)을 첨가한다. 반응 혼합물을 실온에서 밤새 교반한다(약 1시간 후에 백색 침전물이 형성되기 시작한다). 현탁액을 여과하고, 침전물을 핵산으로 세척하여 목적 생성물을 무색결정으로서 수득한다.
TLC : 25% 에틸 아세테이트/헥산 Rf O.38.
[실시예 4C]
(2S,3S,5S)-2-(N,N-디벤질아미노)-5-(t-부틸옥시카보닐아미노)-3-하이드록시-1,6-디페닐헥산. 디클로로메탄(100㎖)과 1,4-디옥솔란(100㎖)중의 실시예 68A의 생성물(5g,8.9mmol)의 용액을 -10℃내지 -15℃로 냉각시키고, 1M BH3THF(26.7㎖,26.7mmol)로 적가처리한다. 용액을 이 온도에서 3시간 동안 교반한다. 투명한 용액을 과량의 메탄올(20㎖)로 퀀칭시키고, 실온에서 30분 동안 교반한다. 용매를 진공하에 제거한다.
생성된 백색 발포체를 THF(75㎖)에 용해시키고, -40℃로 냉각시킨다. LAH(9㎖,THF중의 1M,9mmol)의 용액을 적가한다. 10분 후, 용액을 퀀칭시키고, 이어서 묽은 수성 HCl 로 퀀칭시킨다. 유기층을 제거하고, 수성 층을 에틸 아세테이트(3×20㎖)로 추출한다. 합한 유기층을 포화 중탄산염 수용액과 염수로 차례로 세척하고, Na2SO4으로 건조시킨 다음, 여과하고, 증발시켜 목적 생성물을 백색 발포체로서 4.9g(99%) 수득한다.
다른 방법으로서, BH3THF반응 단계로부터 생성된 백색 발포체를 MeOH(45㎖)에 용해시키고, 3℃로 냉각시킨 다음, KBH4(1.44g,26.7mmol)로 조금씩 나누어 처리한다. 마지막 분량의 KBH4를 첨가한 후, 반응물을 4 내지 5℃에서 4시간 동안 교반한다. 용액을 진공 속에서 1/2용적까지 농축시키고, 1/1 헥산-EtOAc(70㎖)로 희석시킨 다음, KHSO4의 10% 용액(pH 약5)을 첨가하여 퀀칭시킨다(냉각시키면서30℃이하로 유지). NaOH(15% 수용액)를 첨가하여 pH가 12 내지 13으로 되도록 한다. 여과하여 불용성 염을 제거하고, 여과 케이크를 1/1 헥산/EtOAc(7㎖)로 세척한다. 여액과 세척물을 분리 깔대기를 옮기고, 헥산(15㎖)과 H2O(15㎖)로 희석시킨다.유기층을 제거하고, 수성 층을 1/1 핵산-EtOAc(20㎖)로 1회 세척한다. 합한 유기층을 포화 염수로 세척하고, Na2SO4으로 건조시킨 다음, 여과하고, 증발시켜 목적 생성물을 (5.2g) 수득한다. 생성물은 추가로 정제하지 않고 다음 반응에 사용한다.
[실시예 4D]
(2S,3S,5S)-2-아미노-3-하이드록시-5-(t-부틸옥시카보닐아미노)-1,6-디페닐헥산. 무수 EtOH(2ℓ)에 용해된 실시예 4C의 생성물(150gm,250mmol)의 용액을 10% Pd/C(18gm, 미리 습윤 상태로 유지됨)로 처리하고, 이어서 물(200㎖)에 용해된 암모늄 포르메이트(78.6gm,1.25mol)를 첨가한다. 생성된 혼합물을 2.5시간 동안 환류하에 교반한다. 혼합물을 실온으로 냉각시키고, 규조토(20g)패드에 통과시켜 여과한다. 여과 케이크를 EtOH(매회 70㎖)로 3회 세척한다. 여액을 진공하여 농축시킨다. 잔사를 EtOAc(1ℓ)에 용해시키고, 1N NaOH, H2O 및 염수로 차례로 세척한 다음, Na2SO4으로 건조시키고, 여과한 다음, 진공하에 능축시켜 95gm(이론치의 99.2%)의 항중량으로 만든다. 담홍색 고체(95gm 중 91.5gm)를 떠거운 헵탄(스팀욕)(600㎖) 속에서 슬러리로 만들고, 이소프로판을 (45㎖)로 처리한 다음, 진탕시켜 용액으로 만든다. 용액을 3시간에 걸쳐 실온으로 서서히 냉각시키고, 실온에서 2시간 동안 유지시킨 다음, 여과한다. 여과 케이크를 9/1 헥산-이소프로판을(매회 30㎖)로 10회 세척하여 목적 생성물을 회색의 맑은 결정 고체로서 수득하고, 이를 건조시켜 57.5gm의 항중량으로 만든다.
조악한 생성물(20gm)을 뜨거운 헵탄(140㎖)/이소프로판을 (17㎖)로부터 재결정화한다. 용액을 실온으로 서서히 냉각시키고, 혼합물을 실온에서 2시간 동안 방치한 다음, 여과한다. 여과 케이크를 5×15㎖(8/1)헵탄/이소프로판올로 세정하고, 18.5gm의 항중량으로 건조시킨다.
[실시예 5]
(2S,3S,5S)-5-(N-(N-(N-메틸-N-((2-이소프로필-4-티아졸릴)메틸)아미노)카보닐)발리닐)아미노)-2-(N-((5-티아졸릴)메톡시카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산의 다른 제법.
[실시예 5A]
(2S,3S,5S)-5-(t-부틸옥시카보닐아미노)-2-(N-((5-티아졸릴)메톡시카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산. 실시예 4D의 생성물 (6.0g,15.6mmol)을 질소 대기하에 DMF (60㎖)에 용해시킨다. 교반된 이 용액에 5-(p-니트로페닐옥시카보닐 옥시메틸)티아졸(4.67g, 15.6mmol)을 실온에서 첨가하고, 생성된 용액을 4시간 동안 교반한다. 용매를 감압하에 회전증발시켜 제거하고, 잔사를 EtOAc(15.㎖)에 용해시킨다. 이 용액을 1N NaOH 용액 (5×75㎖)과 염수(10㎖)로 세척하고, NA2SO4로 건조시킨다. 용매를 제거하여 담황색 오일을 8.02g수득한다. 이 물질을 EtOAc(30㎖)와 핵산(40㎖)으로부터 결정화하여 융점이 118 내지 120℃인 목적 생성물을 백색 고체로서 6.53g(80%)수득한다.
[실시예 5B]
(2S,3S,5S)-5-아미노-2-(N-((5-티아졸릴)메톡시카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산. 실시예 5A의 생성물(64.3g,12.23mmol)을 질소 대기하에 실온에서 디옥산(25㎖)에 용해시킨다. 교반된 이 용액에 디옥산 증의 4N HCl(20.25㎖)를 첨가하고, 약 10분이 경과한 후에 두꺼운 침전물이 형성된다. 디옥신(10㎖)을 첨가하여 슬러리를 만든다. 혼합믈을 1시간 동안 교반한 다음, 여과한다. 비스-HCl 염 생성물의 여과 케이크를 디옥산(20㎖)으로 세척하고, 공기건조시킨 다음, 물(175㎖)에 용해시킨다. 이 용액에 에틸 아세테이트(175㎖)를 첨가하고, 2상 혼합물을 급속히 교반한다. 급속히 교반된 혼합물에 3N NaOH를 적가하여 pH를 10으로 조절한다. 유기층을 분리하고, 염수(150㎖)로 세척한 다음, Na2SO4으로 건조시킨다. 용매를 제거하여 목적 생성물을 맑은 오일로서 5.18g(99%) 수득한다.
[실시예 5C]
(2S,3S,5S)-5-(N-(N-(N-메틸-N-((2-이소프로필-4-티아졸릴)메틸)아미노)카보닐)발리닐)아미노)-2-(N-((5-티아졸릴)메톡시카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산.
N-((N-메틸-N-((2-이소프로필-4-티아졸릴)메틸)아미노)카보닐-L-발린(4.13g,13.18mmol)과 하이드록시벤즈트라아졸(2023g, 16.48mol)을 THF(70㎖)에 용해시킨 다음, 교반된 용액에 디사이클로헥실-카보디이미드(2.71g, 13.18mol)를 질소 대기하에 한번에 첨가한다. 혼합물을 실온에서 4시간 동안 교반한 다음, 여과하여 디사이클로헥시우레아 침전물을 제거한다. 실시예 5B의 생성물(5.1g,11.99mmol)을 질소 대기하에 THF(100㎖)에 용해시킨다. 교반된 용액에 HOBT-활성 에스테르의 여액을 첨가하고 생성된 용액을 실온에서 4시간 동안 교반한 다음, 용매를 회전증발시켜 제거한다. 잔사를 에틸아세테이트(150ml)에 용해시키고, 1N NaOH(2×100㎖), 염수(100㎖) 및 1% w/w 수성 KHSO4(100㎖)로 세척한 다음, 용매를 회전증발시켜 제거하여 잔사를 수득한다. 잔사를 1N HCl(175㎖)에 용해시키고, 용액을 여과하여 소량의 디사이클로 헥실우레아를 제거한다.여액을 에틸 아세테이트(175㎖)에 첨가하고, 2상 혼합물을 신속하게 혼합한다. 급속히 교반된 혼합물에 차가운 3NaOH를 적가하여 pH를 7로 조절한다. 유기층을 분리하고, 염수(100㎖)로 세척한 다음, Na2SO4으로 건조시키고, 여과한 다음, 용매를 제거하여 부색발포제를 8.6g수득한다.이 물질을 EtOAc(42㎖)와 헥산(21㎖)으로부터 결정화하여 융점이 122내지 123℃인 목적 생성물을 백색 고체로서 7.85g수득한다.
COMS m/z 721 (M+H)+
[실시예 6]
(2S,3S,5S)-5-아미노-2-(N-((5-티아졸릴)메톡시카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산의 다른 제법.
[다른제법 A]
실시예 2F의 생성물(9.5g,33.4mmol)과 페닐보론산(4.1g, 33.6mmol)을 톨루엔(150㎖)속에서 혼합하고, 공비증류수를 제거하면서 2.5시간 동안 환류시킨다(딘-스타크 트랩). 톨루엔(100㎖)을 대기압에서 증류하여 제거한 다음, 나머지 톨루엔을 진공하에 제거하여 황색 시럽을 수득하고, 이것을 DMF(50㎖)에 용해시킨 다음, -60℃로 냉각시킨다. DMF(50㎖)중의 5-(p-니트로페닐옥시카보닐옥시-메틸)타이즐(9.5g, 33.5mmol)의 용액을 45분에 걸쳐 첨가한다. 생성된 혼합물을 -55±5℃에서 8시간 동안 교반한 다음, -25℃에서 14시간 동안 교반하고, 실온으로 가온한다. 반응 혼합물을 1N HCl(250㎖)로희석시키고, CH2Cl(2×80㎖)로 세척한다. 합한 유기층을 1N HCl(60㎖)로 다시 추출한다. 합한 수성 HCl 층을 빙욕에서 2℃로 냉각시키고, 진한(37%) HCl(30㎖)를 5분에 걸쳐 첨가한다. 목적 생성물(비스 HCL염)이 30분 이내에 침전하기 시작한다. 슬러리를 2 내지 5℃에서 3시간 동안 교반한 다음, 여과하여 생성물(비스 HCl염)을 수거하고, 55 내지 60℃의 진공 오븐에서 건조시킨다[수득량 : 11.4g(68%)].
[2차 생성물 회수]
HCl 모액을 에틸 아세테이트(190㎖)와 함께 교반하고, 수성 K2CO3로 중화시켜 pH를 9내지 10으로 한다(200 내지 300g의 25중량% K2CO3가 필요함). 에틸 아세테이트 층을 진공하여 농축시켜 오일을 수득하고, 이 오일을 1N HCl (90㎖)에 다시 용해시킨 다음, 메틸렌 클로라이드(45㎖)로 세척한다. 수성 층을 2℃로 냉각시킨다. 진한(37%) HCl(9.0㎖)를 첨가하여 2차 생성물을 침전시킨다. 2내지 5℃에서 1내지 3시간 동안 교반한 다음, 고체를 여과하여 수거하고, 55 내지 60℃의 진공 오븐에서 건조시킨다.[수득량:2.1g(12.6%)].
비스 HCl 염의 중화 : 비스 HCl DUA(1066g,214mmol,1차 생성물의 혼합물)을 CH2Cl2(110㎖)및 5% 수성 Na2CO3(110㎖)와 함께 모든 고체가 용해될 때까지 (2시간 동안)교반한다. 수성 층을 분리하고, CH2CL2(50㎖)로 추출한다. 합한 유기 추출물을 Na2SO4(10)로 건조시키고, 여과한 다음, 진공하에 40℃이하에서 농축시켜 오일을 수득한다. 이 오일을 전공 펌프로 건조시켜 황색 발포제로서 화합물을 9.1g(100%)수득한다.
[다른제법 B]
실시예 2F의 생성물 (15.0g, 0.053mol)을 DMF(75㎖)에 용해시킨다. 트리이소프로필보이레트(24.4㎖,0.105mol)를 첨가하고 주위온도에서 약 1.5시간 동안 교반한다. 용액을 -10℃로 냉각시키고, DMF(75㎖)중의 5-(p-니트로페닐옥시카보닐시메틸)타아졸 (15.0g, 0.054mol)용액이 80분에 걸쳐 첨가한다. 반응물을 -10℃로 에서 약 1시간 동안 교반하고, 메틸렌 클로라이드(250㎖)로 희석시킨 다음, 트리에탄올아민(24.8g)과 5% 수성 중탄산나트륨(300㎖)의 혼합물로 퀀칭시킨다. 2상 혼합물을 1시간 동안 교반하고, 층을 분리한 다음,수성 층을 다른 메틸렌 클로라이드(50㎖)분획으로 추출한다. 합한 유기층을 1N HCL(1×390㎖ 및 1×95 ㎖)로 추출한다. 산 층을 합하고, 빙욕에서 냉각시킨 다음, 진한 HCl (50㎖)로 산성화시켜 백색 슬러리 생성물을 수득한다. 슬러리를 2℃에서 약 1시간 동안 교반한다. 여과하여 목적 생성물(비스 HCl 염)을 수거하고, 55℃으 진공 오븐에서 건조시켜 18.5g(70%)을 수득한다.
[실시예 7]
(2S,3S,5S)-5-(N-(N-((N-메틸-N-((2-이소프로필-4-티아졸릴)메틸)아미노)카보닐)발리닐)아미노)-2-(N-((5-티아졸릴)메톡시카보닐)아미노)-1,6-디페닐-3-하이드록시헥산.의 다른 제조.
THF(170㎖)중의 실시예 70의 생성물 (9.1g,21.4mmol), HOBT(3.6g,23.5mmol) 및 N-((N-메틸-N-((2-이소프로필-4-티아졸릴)메틸)아미노)카보닐)-L-발린(7.37g,23.5mmol)의 용액에 DCC(4.85g, 23.5mmol)를 첨가한다. 용액을 주위온도에서 16시간 동안 교반한다(DCU가 침전한다). THF를 진공하에 제거하고, 생산된 페이스를 차가운 1N HCL(5℃,106㎖)과 함께 3시간 동안 교반하여 조악한 생성믈을 용해시킨다. 여과하여 DCU를 제거하고, 여과 케이크를 1N HCl(30㎖)로 세척한다. KH2PO4(3.2g)을 합한 HCl여액에 용해시킨다. 용액을 에틸 아세테이트(80㎖)와 혼합하고, 수성 NaOH(10% W/W NaOH 60.3g)를 사용하여 pH 7로 중화시킨다. 수성 층을 에틸 아세테이트(25㎖)로 추출하고, 합한 에틸 아세테트 추출물을 수성 NaHCO3(5% W/W NaHCO3 2×37㎖)로 세척한다. 유기층을 Na2SO4(13g)으로 건조시키고, 여과한 다음, 45℃이하에서 진공하에 농축시킨다. 잔사를 70℃에서 1 : 1 에틸 아세테이트 /헵탄 혼합물 (200㎖)에 용해시킨다. 이 용액을 서서히 냉각시키고, 실온에서 밤새 교반하여 두거운 슬러리를 수득한다. 여과하여 생성물을 수거하고, 1 : 1에틸 아세테이트/헵단(20㎖)으로 세척한다. 생성물을 55℃의 진공오분에서 간단하게 건조시켜 12.85g(83%)을 수득한다(2차 결정화 이전)
(약 70℃이하에서 용해시킨 다음, 실온에서 12시간 동안 교반한)2 : 1에틸 아세테이트 /헵탄(144㎖)으로부터 2차 결정화하여 맑은 백색 고체의 짙은 슬러리를 수득한다. 여과하여 생성물을 수거하고, 2 : 1 에틸 아세테이트/헵탄(15㎖)으로 세척한 다음, 55℃의 진공 오븐에서 2일 동안 거조시켜 목적 생성물을 11.9g(77%)수득한다.
[실시예 8]
((5-티아졸릴)메틸)-(4-니트로페닐)카보네이트의 다른 제법
[실시예 8A]
2-아미노-5(에톡시카보닐)타이졸 하이드로클로라이드
THF(1.9ℓ)중의 칼륨 t-부톡사이드(110g, 0.98mol)의 -10℃용액에 THF(400㎖)중의 에틸 클로로아세테이트(100㎖, 0.934mol)및 에틸 포르메이트(75㎖, 0.928mol)의 용액을 2시간에 걸쳐 기계적으로 부드럽게 교반하면서 적가한다. 진한 용액을 약 -1℃에서 2시간 동안 추가로 교반한 다음, 1N HCl(750㎖) 중의 NaCl(150g)의 용액을 첨가하여 반응을 퀀칭시킨다. 혼합물을 20℃로 가온하고, 하부 수성층(약간 침전된 염을 함유함)을 분리시킨다. 유기층을 회전증발기에서 진공하여 제거한다. 오일을 에틸 아세테이트(50㎖)에 재용해시키고, Na2SO4(75g)으로 1시간 동안 건조시킨 다음, 여과하고, 진공(40 내지 50℃의 욕 온도)하여 농축시켜 오일을 수득한다. 생성된 조악한 클로로알데히드(161g)와 티오우레아(70g, 0.92mol)을 THF(2ℓ)에 용해시키고, 기온하여 서서히 환류시킨다(60℃). 가온하는 동안에 티오우레아는 용해되며, 20분 이내에 용액으로 부터 생성물이 침전된다. 100분 후에, 현탁액을 실온으로 냉각시킨 다음, 1시간 동안 빙욕 속에서 냉각시킨다. 생성물을 유리질으 부흐너 깔대기에서 수거하고, 차가운 THF(2x100㎖)로 세척한 다음, 50℃의 진공 오븐에서 밤새 건조시켜 융점(분해)이 182 내지 185℃인 표제 화합물을 122g수득한다.
[실시예 8B]
2-아미노-5-(에톡시카보닐)티아졸)
THF(1.35ℓ)중의 칼륨 t-부톡사이드(150gM 1.3mol)의 -10℃용액에 THF(150㎖)중의 에틸 클로로아세테이트(139㎖, 1.3mol) 및 에틸 포르메이트(103㎖, 1.27mol)의 용액을 75분에 걸쳐 기계적으로 부드럽게 교반하면서 적가한다. THF린스(25㎖)를 5분에 걸쳐 첨가한다. 진한 용액을 약 -5 내지 0℃에서 3시간 동안 교반한 다음, 물(960㎖)중의 NaCl(240g) 및 진한 HCl(90㎖)의 용액을 첨가하여 반응을 퀀칭시킨다. 혼합물을 15℃로 기온하고, 하부 수성 층을 버린다. 티오우레아(97g, 1.27mol)를 클로로알데히드의 조악한 THF용액에 용해시킨다. 용액을 65℃로 가온하고, 1시간 동안 환류시킨 다음, 30℃로 냉각시킨다. 물(1500㎖)중의 K2CO3(88g,0.64mol)의 용액을 첨가하여 2층 (수성 층의 pH는 7)을 형성시킨다. THF를 45℃이하에서 진공하에 제거하면, 생성물이 색 고체로서 침전된다. 슬러리를 15℃로 냉각시키고, 생성물을 유리질의 부흐너 깔대기에서 수거한 다음, 물(3x200㎖)로 세척하고, 이어서 55℃의 진공 오븐에서 24시간 동안 건조시켜 융점이 155내지 158℃인 표제 화합물을 황색 고체로서 151g수득한다.
[실시예 8C]
5-(에특시카보닐)티아졸. DMF(83㎖)와 THF(317㎖)의 혼합물 중의 2-아미노-5-(에톡시카보닐)티아졸(50g, 0.29mmol)의 용액을 DMF(130㎖)중의 이소아밀니트라이트(50㎖, 0.44mol)의 교반된 41℃용액에 87분에 걸쳐 적가한다. 발열성 첨가반응 동안에 최대 60℃의 온도가 관찰된다. 40분 후에, THF를 진공하여 45℃에서 제거한다. 진한 DMF용액을 25℃로 냉각시키고, 톨루엔(420㎖)과 물(440㎖)로 희석시킨다. 톨루엔층을 물(3x120㎖)로 추출한 다음, Na2SO4(50g)로 1시간 동안 건조시킨다. 여과한 후, 톨루엔 층을 50℃의 욕 온도하에서 회전증발기에서 제거하고, 이어서 21℃에서 진공 펌프에서 제거한다. 표제 화합물을 함유하는 조악한 잔사의 중량은 65.6g이다. 이 물질을 단계에서 직접 사용한다. 유사하게 제조된 물질의 샘플을 컬럼 크로마토그래피로 정제하여 황색 오일을 수득한다.
[실시예 8D]
5-(하이드록시메틸)티아졸. THF(633㎖)증의 수소화아루미늄리튬(9.0g)의 슬러리에 THF(540㎖)중의 조악한 5-(에톡시카보닐)티아졸(실시예 72C의 생성물, 65.6g)의 용액을 0 내지 5℃에서 95분에 걸쳐 첨가한다. 25분 후에 물(8.1㎖) 및 물(24.3㎖)을 차례로 첨가하여 반응을 5℃에서 퀀칭시킨다. 2시간 동안 Na2SO4(44g)으로 건조시킨 후, 슬러리를 여과하고, 여과 케이크를 THF(100㎖)로 세척한다. 합한 여액을 45℃하에 진공에서 농축시켜 갈색 오일(39g)을 수득한다. 단로장치를 통하여 오일을 부분적으로증류시킨다. 생성물 분획을 97내지 104℃의 증기 온도에서 3내지 5분 동안 증류시켜 표제 화합물을 진한 오렌지색 오일로서 20.5g수득한다.
[실시예 8E]
5-(p-니트로페닐옥시카보닐옥시케닐)티아졸 하이드로클로라이드.
증류된 5-(하이드록시메틸)티아졸(14.1g, 123mmol)과 트리에틸아민(17.9㎖, 129mmol)을 에틸 아세테이트(141㎖)에 용해시키고, -1℃(빙/염욕)로 냉각시킨다. 에틸 아세테이트(106㎖)에 용해된 4-니트로페닐 클로로포르메이트(26.0g, 129mmol)의 용액을 0 내지 4℃의 내부 온도에서 50분 에 걸쳐 적가한다. 또한 에틸아세테이트 플라스크 린스(20㎖)를 첨가한다. 첨가하는 동안에 용액으로부터 염이 침전되다. 황색 혼합물을 1시간 45분 동안 0 내지 2℃에서 교반한 다음, 묽은 HCl용액[물(103㎖) 중의 진한 HCl(31mmol), 3.1g)]을 한꺼번에 첨가한다. 혼합물을 15℃로 가온하면서 0.5시간 동안 교반하고, 이어서 교반을 중단한다. 유기충을 5% K2CO3수용액(2x70㎖)로 2회 세척한 다음, Na2SO4(30g)으로 건조시킨다. 여과한 후, 용액을 회전 증발기(41℃의 욕 온도)에서 진공하에 농축시켜 갈색 오일(38g)을 수득한다. 조악한 5-(p-니트로페닐옥시카보닐 옥시베틸)-티아졸을 에틸 아세테이트(282㎖)에 용해시킨 다음, 빙욕속에서 2℃로 냉각시킨다. 무수 HCl가스(7.1g, 195mmol)를 50분에 걸쳐 2 내지 4℃의 온도에서 서서히 버블링시켰다. 2 내지 4℃에서 1시간 45분 동안 교반한 후, 질소 대기하에서 소결 유리 깔대기에서 고체 침전물을 수거하고, 플라스크를 차가운 에틸 아세테이트(50㎖)로 세척하고, 이를 사용하여 여과 케이크를 세정한다. 케이크를 강한 질소 퍼지하에 15분 동안 깔대기에서 건조시킨 다음, 질소 퍼지하에 50℃의 진공 오븐에서 건조시켜 융점(분해)이 131 내지 135℃인 표제 화합물을 황갈색 분말로서 29.05g수득한다.
[실시예 8F]
5-(p-니트로페녹시카보닐옥시메틸)티아졸. 5-(p-니트로페녹시카보닐옥시메틸)티아졸 하이드로클로라이드(3.0g)에틸 아세테이트(30㎖) 속에서 슬러리화하고, 10 내지 15℃로 냉각시킨다. 5%탄산칼륨 수용액 (30㎖)을 급속하게 교반하면서 첨가한다. 15분 후, 교반을 중단하고, 수성 층을 분리한다. 유기층을 Na2SO4(3g)로 건조시키고, 여과한 다음, 용매를 진공하여서 증류시켜 융점이 62 내지 64℃인 표제 화합물을 갈색 시럽으로서 2.49g수득한다. 이 시럽은 서서히 고화된다.
[실시예 9]
N-((n-메틸-N-((2-이소프로필-4-티아줄릴)메틸)아미노)카보니)-L- 발린의다른 제법
[실시예 9A]
티오이소부티르아미드. 기계식 교반기, 질소 대기, 용축기, 열전기항 및 15℃수욕이 구비되어 있는 1ℓ들이 3구 환저 플리그 이소부티르아미드 (26.0g,0.29mol). 오황화인(19.9g, 0.045mol)및 THF(375㎖)를 충전시킨다. 이용액을 20±5℃에서 3시간 동안 교반하고, 60℃로 가온한 다음, 3시간 동안 추가로 교반한다. THF를 50℃의 욕 온도에서 진공하에 제거하여 황색 오일을 수득한다. 이 오일을 NaOH(5g), NaCL(10g)및 물(90g)의 용액으로 중화시킨다. 이어서, 생성물을 EtOAc(2x250㎖)로 추출하고, 합한 유기층을 진공하여서 오일로 농축시킨다. 오일을 THF(50㎖)에 용해시키고, 용매를 진공하여 제거하여 목적 생성물을 황색 오일로서 약 27g(88%)수득한다.
[실시예 9b]
2-이소프로필-4-((N-4- 메틸)티아졸. 실시예 73A에서 생성된 티오이소부티르아미드를 THF(70㎖)에 용해시키고, THF(40㎖)중의 1,3-디클로로아세톤(34.1g, 0.27mol)의 용액을 서서히첨가한다. 질소 대기하에서 기계적으로 교반하면서 250㎖들이 플라스크에서 반응을 수행한다. 첨가하는 동안에 반응온도는 15±5℃욕을 이용하여 25℃이하로 유지시킨다. 욕을 이 상태에서 1시간 동안 유지시킨 후에 제거하고, 반응물을 18시간 동안 교반한다. 이어서, 교반된 클로로메틸-티아졸 용액을 1ℓ들이 플라스크에서 15℃의 40%메틸아민 수용액 (376㎖, 4.37mol)에 첨가한다. 30분 후에, 욕을 제거하고, 반응물을 주위온도에서 3시간 동안 교반한다. 용매를 50℃욕에서 진공하에서 제거하여 최종 용적을 310㎖으로 한다. 이어서, 잔사를 10% NaOH(50g)로 처리하여 pH 12의 염기성으로 만들고, 메틸렌 클로라이드(2x160㎖)로 추출한다. 합한 유기층을 20% 염화암모늄(1x150g)과 20% 염화암모늄(1x90g)으로 세척한다. 이어서, 수성 세척물을 메틸렌 클로라이드(150㎖)로 추출한다. 합한생성물 메틸렌 클로라이드 층을 진한 HCl (25g)과 물(75g)의 용액 (100g)으로 추출한다. 이러한 산성 생성물 용액을 메틸렌 클로라이드(135㎖)로 세척한다. 이어서, 산성 생성물 용액을 냉각시키고, 20% NaCH 용액(100g)으로 중화시킨다. 메틸렌 클로라이드 (2×135㎖)를 사용하여, 이 혼합물로부터 생성물을 추출한다. 용매를 진공하에 제거하여 목적 혼합물을 호박색 오일로서 약 28g수득한다(수율 : 대략 28g)
[실시예 9C]
N-((N-메틸-N-((2-이소프로필-4-티아졸릴)메틸)아미노)카보닐)-L-발린 메틸 에스테르. 기계식 교반기, 질소 대기, 열전기쌍, 가열 맨틀 및 응축기가 구비되어 있는 500㎖들이 3구 환저 플라스크에 실시예 9B의 생성물(28.1g, 0.165mol), 페녹시카보닐-(L)-발린(41.5g, 0.165mol) 및 톨루엔 (155㎖)을 충전시킨다. 이 용액을 환류로 가온하고 (110℃), 3시간 동안 교반한 다음, 20±5℃로 냉각시키고, 10% 시트르산(2x69㎖), 물(1×69㎖), 4% 수산화나트륨(1×116㎖), 4% 수산화나트륨(1×58㎖) 및 물(1×58㎖)로 차례로 세척한다. 이어서, 유기 생성물 용액을 활성탄소(3g)로 15분 동안 환류하에 처리하고, 규조토에 통과시켜 여과하여 탄소를 제거한 다음, 탄소/규조토 케이크를 뜨거운 틀루엔(25㎖)으로 세척한다. 이어서, 용매를 제거하여 갈색 오일을 수득하고, 이를 냉각시키면 고화된다.이 갈색 고체를 60±5℃에서 가온하면서 EtOAc(31㎖)와 헵탄(257㎖)에 용해시킨다. 이 용액을 25℃로 서서히 냉각시키고, 12시간 동안 교반한 다음, 0℃로 냉각시키고, 3시간 동안 교반한다. 여과하여 결정을 수거하고, 1 : 9 EtOAc/헵탄(50㎖)으로 세척한다. 고체를 12시간 동안 50℃의 진공 오븐에서 건조시켜 목적 생성물을 황갈색 고체로서 41.5g(76.9%)수득한다.
[실시예 9D]
N-((N-메틸-N-((2-이소프로필-4-티아졸릴)메틸)아미노)카보닐)-L-발린. 1ℓ들이 3구 플라스크에 실시예 9C의 생성물(50g, 0.153mol), 수산화리튬 1수산화물(13g, 0.329mol), THF(200㎖) 및 물(190㎖)로 충전시킨다. 이 흐린 용액을 2시간 동안 교반한다. 물(65㎖) 중의 진한 HCl(32.4g, 0.329mol)의 용액으로 반응을 퀀칭시키고, 진공하에서 THF를 제거한 다음, 생성물을 메틸렌 클로라이드(3x210㎖)로 추출한다(주 : 필요한 경우, 수성 층의 pH는 추출하는 동안에 pH 1내지 4로 조정되어야 한다). 합한 유기물을 황산나트륨(50g)건조시키고, 황산나트륨의 메틸렌 클로라이드 린스(150㎖)로 여과한 다음, 용매를 진공하에 제거한다. 생성물을 THF(450㎖)에 용해시키고, 용매를 다시 제거한다. 이어서, 생성물을 저장용의 부틸화 하이드록시톨루엔(BHT)(0.12g)을 함유하는 THF(475㎖)에 용해시킨다. 필요한 경우, 용매를 진공하에 제거할 수 있으며 잔여 시럽을 55℃의 진공 오븐에서 건조시켜 유리상 고체를 수득한다.
[HIV 프로테아제의 억제제를 선별하기 위한 형광검정법]
본 발명 화합물의 억제 효능은 다음과 같은 방법으로 측정할 수 있다.
본 발명의 화합물을 DMSO에 용해시키고 소량을 시험에 바람직한 최종 농도로서 DMSO로 100회 희석시킨다. 반응은 300μ의 총 용적으로 6x50mm튜브에서 수행한다. 반응 완충액 중의 성분들의 최종 농도는 다음과 같다 : 125mM 아세트산나트륨, 1M 염화나트륨, 5mM디티오트레이롤, 0.5g/㎖ 소형청 알부민, 1.3μM 형광 기질, 2%(v/v)디메틸설폭사이드(pH 4.5), 억제제를 첨가한 후, 반응 혼합물을 형광계수 세포 홀더에 넣고 30℃에서 수분간 배양시킨다. 적은 분취량의 차가운 HIV 프로테아제를 첨가하여 반응으로 개시한다. 형광 세기(여기 340nM, 방출 490nM)는 시간의 함수로서 기록한다. 반응속도는 처음 6 내지 8분간 측정한다. 관찰속도는 시간단위당 분해된 기질의 몰(mol)에 정비례한다. 억제율은 100x(1-(억제제존재율)/(억제제 부재율))이다.
형광기질 :
Dabcyl-Ser-Gln-Tyr-Pro-Val-Gln-EDANS[여기서 Dabcyl은 4-(4-디메틸아미노페닐)아조벤조산이고, EDANS는 5-(2-아미노에틸)아미노)-나프탈렌-1-설폰산이다].
표 1은 본 발명 화합물의 HIV-1 프로테아제에 대한 억제 효능을 나타낸다.
[항바이러스 활성]
본 발명 화합물의 항-HIV활성은 문헌[참조 : Kempf et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1991, 35, 2209]의 방법에 따라 MT4세포에서 측정할 수 있다. IC은 HIV의 세포 병리효과를 50% 억제하는 혼합물의 용도이다. LC은 세포의 50%가 살아있도록 해주는 화합물의 농도이다.
표 2는 MT4 세포에서 HIV-I에 대항하는 본 발명 화합물의 억제 효능을 나타낸다.
본 발명의 화합물은 유기 또는 무기산으로부터 유도된 염의 형태로 사용할 수 있다. 이들 염에는, 이로써 한정되는 것은 아니지만, 아세테이트, 아디페이트, 알기네이트, 시트레이트, 아스파르테이트, 벤조에이트, 벤젠설포네이트, 바이설페이트, 부티레이트, 캄포레이트, 캄포르설포네이트, 디글루코네이트, 사이클로펜탄프로피오네이트 도데실설페이트,에탄설포네치트, 글루코헵타노에이트, 헤미설페이트, 헵타노에이트, 헥사노에이트, 푸마레이트, 하이드로클로라이드, 하이드로브로마이드, 하이드로요오다이드, 2-하이드록시-에탄설포화네이트(이세티오네이트), 락테이트, 말레이트, 메탄설포네이ㅌ, 니코티네이트, 2-나프탈렌설포네이트, 옥살레이트, 파모레이트, 펙티네이트, 퍼설페이트, 3-페닐프로피오네이트, 피크레이트, 피발레이트, 프로피오네이트, 석시네이트, 타르트레이트, 티오시아네이트, p-톨루엔설포네이트 및 운데가노에이트가 포함된다. 또한, 염기성 질소 함유 그룹을 메틸, 에틸, 프로필 및 부틸 클로라이드, 브로마이드 및 요오다이드와 같은 저급 알킬 할라이드; 디메틸, 디에틸, 디부틸 및 디아밀 설페이트와같은 디알킬설페이트; 데실, 라우릴, 미리스틸 및 스테이릴클로라이드 브로마이드 및 요오다이드와 같은 장쇄 할라이드 ; 벤질 및 펜에틸 브로마이드와 같은 아르알킬 할리이드 등과 같은 제제로 4급화시킬 수 있다. 따라서, 수용성 또는 유용성(oil-soluble),또는 수분산성 도는 유문산성 생성물을 수득한다.
약제학적으로 허용되는 산 부가염을 형성시키는 데 사용할 수 있는 산의예에는 염산, 황산 및 인산과 같은 무기산과 옥살산, 밀레산, 석신산 및 시트르산과 같은 유기산이 포함된다. 그밖의 염에는 나트륨, 칼륨, 칼슘 또는 마그네슘과 같은 알칼리금속 또는 알칼리 토금속과의 염 도는 유기 염기와의 염이 포함된다.
본 발명 화합물의 바람직한 염은 하이드로클로라이드, 페탄설포네이트, 설포네이트, 포스포네이트 및 이세티오네이트이다.
본 발명의 화합물은 또한 에스테르의 형태로 사용할 수 있다. 이러한 에스테르의 예에는 일반식 A 또는 A1 또는 A2의 하이드록실-치환된 화합물이 포함되고, 이들 화합물은 차단되거나 차단되지 않은 아미노산 잔기, 포스페이트 작용기, 헤미석시네이트 잔기, 일반식 R C(O)-또는 R C(O)-의 아실 잔기(여기서, R 는 수소, 저급알킬, 할로알킬, 알콕시, 티오알콕시, 알콕시알킬, 티오알콕시알킬 또는 할로알콕시이다.)또는 일반식 R-C(R)(Rd)-C(O)- 또는 R-C(R)(R)-C(O)-또는 R-C(R)(R)-C(S)-의 아실 잔기[여기서, R및 R는 독립적으로 수소 및 저급 알킬 중에서 선택되고 R는 -N(R)(R)(R), OR또는 -SR( 여기서 , R및 Rf는 독립적으로 수소, 저급 알킬 및 할로알킬 중에서 선택된다)이다], 또는 일반식 RNH(CH)NHCHC(O)-또는 RNH(CH)OCHC(O)-의 아미노-아실 잔기[여기서, R은 수소, 저급 알킬, 아릴알킬, 사이클로알킬알킬, 알카노일, 벤조일 또는 α-아미노아실 그룹이다]로 아실화된다. 특히 중요한 아미노산 에스테르는 글리신 및 라이신이다. 그러나, 아미노 아실 그룹이 -C(O)CHNRR인 것들(여기서 , R및 R은 독립적으로 수소및 저급 알킬 중에서 선택되거나, 그룹 R및 R은질소 함유 헤테로사이클릭 호나을 형성한다)을 포함하는 기타 아미노산 잔기가 사용될 수도 있다. 이들 에스테르는 본 발명의 화합물의 프로드럭으로서 제공되고 위장관에서 이들 물질의 용해도를 증가시키는 것으로 제공되다. 이들 에스테르는 또한 화합물을 정맥내 투여시용해도를 증가시키는 것으로 제공된다. 다른 프로드럭에는 일반식 A도는 A1또는 A2의 하이드록실-치환된 화합물이 포함된다. 여기서, 하이드록실 그룹은 일반식-CH(R)OC(O)R또는 -CH(R)OC(O)R의 치환기(여기서, R은 저급 알킬, 할로알킬, 알콕시, 티오알콕시 또는 할로알콕시이며, R는수소, 저급 알킬, 할로알킬, 알콕시카보닐, 아미노카보닐, 알킬아미노카보닐 또는 디알킬아미노카보닐이다)로 작용화된다. 이러한 프로드러그는 슈라이버(Schreiber)의 방법(Tetrahedron Lett, 1983, 24, 2363)에 따라 메탄을 중의 상응하는 메트알릴 에테르를 가오존분해시킨 다음 아세트산 무수물로 처리하여 제조할 수 있다.
본 발명의 프로드럭은 생체 내에서 대사되어 일반식 A의 하이드록실-치환된 화합물을 생성시킨다. 프로드럭 에스테르의 제조는 일반식 A의 하이드록실-치환된 화합물을 위에서 언급한 바와 같은 활성화 아미노아실, 포스포릴, 헤미석시닐 또는 아실 유도체와 반응시켜 수행한다. 이어서, 생성물을 탈보호시켜 목적하는 프로드럭 에스테르를 생성시킨다. 또한, 본 발명의 프로드럭은 하이드록실 그룹을 (할로알킬)에스테르로 알킬화시키거나, 비스-(알카노일)아세탈로 아세탈 교환반응시키거나 하이드록실 그룹을 활성화 알데히드와 축합시킨 다음 중간체 헤미아세탈을 아실화시켜 제조할 수있다.
본 발명의 화합물은 시험관내 또는 생체내(포유동물 및 특히 사람)에서 레트로바이러스성 프로테아제, 특히 HIV 프로테아제를 억제하는데 유용하다. 본 발명의 화합물은 또한 생체내에서 레트로바이러스, 특히 사람 면역결핍 바이러스 HIV를 억제하는데 유용하다. 본 발명의 화합물은 또한 레트로바이러스에 의해 유발된 질환, 특히 사람 또는 다른 포유동물의 후천성 면역결핍 증후군 또는 HIV감염증을 치료 또는 예방하는 데 유용하다.
단일 또는 분할 용량으로 사람 또는 그 밖의 포유동물 숙주에게 투여된 총1일 용량은, 예를들면, 0.001 내지 300mg/체중㎏일 수 있고, 더욱 일반적으로는 0.1내지 10㎎일 수 있다. 단위 용량 조성물은 이의 약수량으로 함유하여 1일 용량으로 할 수 있다.
담체 물질과 혼합하여 단위 용량을 형성할 수 있는 활성 성문의 양은 치료하고자 하는 숙주와 특정 투여 방식에 따라 다양할 것이다.
그러나, 어떠한 특정 환자를 위한 특정 용량 수준을 사용되는 특정 화합물의 활성, 연령, 체중, 건강 상태, 성별, 식이, 투여시간,투여경로, 배설율, 드럭 배합 및 치료중인 특정 질환의 중증도를 포함한 다양한 인자에 좌우되는 것을 알 수 있다.
본 발명의 화합물은 통상의 약제학적으로 허용되는 바독성 담체, 보조제 및 비히클을 함유하는 단위 용량 제형으로 경구, 비경구, 설하. 흡입 스프레이로 직장내 또는 국소적으로 투여될 수 있다. 국소 투여는 또한 경피 패치 도는 이온 침투요법 기기와 같은 경피투여 용도와 연루되어 있다. 본원에 사용하는 용어 비경구는 피하 주사, 정맥내, 근육내, 흉골내 주사 도는 주입을 포함한다.
예를 들면, 멸균의 수성 또는 유성 현탁액과 같은 주사용 제제는 기술분야에 공지된 방법에 따라 분산제 또는 습윤제 및 현탁제를 사용하여 제형화할 수 있다. 또한, 멸균의 주사용 제제는, 예를 들면, 1,3-프로판디올 중의 용애과 같은, 비독성의 약제학적으로 허용되는 희석제 또는 용매 중의 멸균 주사용 용액 또는 현탁액일 수 있다. 사용할 수 있는 허용되는 비히클과 용매는 링게르 용액 및 등장성 염화나트륨 용액이다. 또한 멸균의 비휘발성 오일이 용매 또는 현탁화 매질로서 통상적으로사용된다. 이러한 목적으로 합성의 모노-또는 디글리세라이드를 포함하는 어떠한 혼합된 비휘발성 오일을 사용할 수 있다. 또한, 올레산과 같은 지방산이 주사용 제제에 사용된다.
드럭을 직장내 투여하기 위한 좌제는 드럭을 통상을 온도에서 고체이지만 직장내 온도에서는 액체이며, 따라서 직장에서 용해되어 드럭을 방출시키는 코코아 버터 및 폴리에틸렌 글리콜과 같은 적합한 비자극성 부형제와 혼합하여 제조할 수 있이다.
경구 투여용 고체 용량형에는 캅셀제, 정제, 환제, 분제 또는 과립제가 포함될 수 있다. 이러한 고체 용량형에서 , 활성 화합물은 수크로오즈, 락토오즈 또는 전분과 같은 하나 이상의 불활성 희석제와 혼합할 수 있다. 이러한 용량형은 표준 관행으로 불활성 희석제가 아닌 추가의 물질(예 : 스테아르산마그네슘과 같은 윤활제)를 함유할 수 있다. 캡슐, 정제 및 환제의 경우, 용량형은 또한 완충제를 함유할 수 있다. 정제와 환제는 또한 장용 피복을 사용하여 제조할 수 있다.
경구 투여용 액체 용량형에는 기술 분야에 일반적으로 사용되는 불활성 희석제(예 : 물)를 함유하는 약제학적으로 허용되는 유제, 용액, 현탁액, 시럽 및 엑릭서제가 포함될 수 있다. 또한, 이러한 조성물은 습윤제, 유화제 및 현탁제와 같은 보조제, 감미제, 향미제 및 방향제를 함유할 수 있다.
본 발명의 화합물은 도한 리포조음의 형태로 투여될 수 있다. 당해 기술 분야에 공지된 바와 같이, 리포조옴은 일반적으로 인지질 또는 그밖의 지질 물질로부터 유도된다. 리포조옴은 액제 매질에 분산된 모노라멜라 또는 멀티라멜라 수화 액정에 의해 형성된다. 리포조음을 형성할 수 있는 비독성의 생리학적으로 허용되고 대사될 수 있는 지질을 사용할 수 있다. 리포조옴 형태의 본 발명의 조성물은 본 발명의 화합물 이외에 안정화제, 보존제 및 부형제 등을 함유할 수 있다. 바람직한 지질은 천연 및 합성 인지질 및 포스파티딜이다.
리포조옴을 형성시키는 방법은 당해 기술 분야에 공지되어 있다[참조 : Prescott, Ed., Methods in Cell Biology, Volume XIV, Academic Press, New York, N.Y.(1976), p33 et seq.]
본 발명의 화합물의 바람직한 한 가지 용량형은 (1)약제학적으로 허용되는 유기용매 또는 두 가지 이상의 약제학적으로 허영되는 용매의 혼합물,(2)약 10중량%내지 약 40중량%의 양의 본 발명의 화합물 및 (3)총 약 0.2몰 당량 내지 약 2몰 당량(본 발명의 화합물 기준)의 약제학적으로 허용되는 산의 혼합물을 흡착하는 약제학적으로 허용되는 흡착체를 포함하는 경구 투여용 고체 용량형이다. 이 조성물을 투여용 경질 젤라틴 캡술 속에 충전시킨다. 이러한 형태의 용량형의 특정예의 제법을 다음에 기재한다.
[고체 충전된 캡슐 용량 제제]
폴리에틸렌 클리콜(USP, 139㎖)에탄올(탈수됨, USP, 200프루프, 139㎖)을 스테인레스 강 또는 유리 용기에서 혼합한다. 염산(시약 등급, 20㎖)을 가하고, 잘 혼합한다. 이 용액에 아스코르브산(21g)을 용액에 가하고, 용액이 맑아질 때까지 교반한다. 실시예 1U의 생성물(200g)을 용액에 가하고, 맑아질 때까지 계속 혼합한다. 크레모포어 EL (폴리옥시에틸렌글리세롤 옥시스테아레이트, 41g)과 폴리소르베이트 80 NF(41g)를 혼합하면서 가한다.
미세결정성 셀룰로오즈 NF(139g)와 이산화규소 NF(Syloid 244, 약제 등급, 209g)를 호버트 믹서(Hobart mixer)에 충전시키고, 3 내지 5분 동안 혼합한다. 저속으로 혼합하는 동안, 이 용액을 호버트 믹서내의 무수 혼합물에 적가한다. 이 혼합물을 과립화시킨다.
습윤 과립을 제8번 메쉬(mesh)스크린을 통해 스크리닝한다. 스크린된 과립을 종이 정렬 트레이(paper-lined tray)에 펼치고 트레이 건조기 또는 유동상 건조기에서 건조시 손실량이 12% 이상으로 되지 않게 건조시킨다.
과립중의 실시예 1U의 생성물의 농도(mg/과립g)를 HPLC분석으로 측정한다. 캡슐(젤라틴, 제00호, 불투명한 회철색)을 적절한 양의 건조된 과립으로 충전시켜 목적하는 용량/캡슐을 생성시킨다.
본 발명의 화합물의 활성의 약제학적 제제 단독으로 투여할 수도 있지만, 본 발명의 화합물은 하나 이상의 면역조절제, 항바이러스제, 항감염제 또는 백신과 함께 사용할 수 있다. 본 발명의 화합물과 함께 투여할 수 있는 그밖의 항바이러스제어는 AL-721, 베타 인터페혼, 폴리만노아세테이트, 역전 사효소 억제제[예 : 디데옥시사이티딘(DCC), 디데옥시이노신(DDI), BCH-189, AzdU, 카보비르, DDA, D4C, D4T, DP-AZT, FLT(플루오로티미딘), BCH-189, 5할로-3'-티아디데옥시사이티닌, PMEA, 지도부딘(AZT)등], 비-뉴클레오시드 역전사효소 억제제[예 : R82193, L-697,661, BI-RG-587(네비라핀), 레트로바이러스성 ㅡ로테아제 억제제(예 : Ro 31-8959, SC-52151, KNI-227 및 KNI-272등과 같은 HIV프로테아제 억제제), HEPT화합물, L, 697,639, R82150 및 U-87201E등], TAT억제제(예 : RO-24-7429 등), 삼나트륨 포스포노포르메이트, HPA-23, 에플로니킨, 펩티드 T, 레티쿨로즈 뉴클레오포스포프로테인), 안사마이신 LM 427, 트리메트렉세이ㅌ, UA001, 리바비린, 알파 인터페론, 옥세타노신, 옥세타노신-G, 사일로부트-G, 사이클로부트-A, 아라-M, BW882C87, 포스카네트, BW256U87, BW348U87, L-693,989, BV 아라-U, CMV 트리클론성 항체, ELAC, HOE-602, HPMPC, MSL-109, TI-23, 트리플루리딘, 비다라빈, 팜시클로비르, 펜시클로비르, 아사이클로비르, 간시클로비르, 카사타노스페르민, rCD4/CD4-IgG, CD4-PE40, 부틸-DNJ, 하이페리신, 옥사미리스트산, 텍스트란 설세이트 및 펜토산 폴리설페이트가 포함된다. 본 발명의 화합물과 함께 투여할 수있는 면역조절제에는 브로피리민, 엠플리겐, 항-사람 알파 인터페론 항체, 콜로니 자극인자, CL246,738, 임레그-1(Imreg-1), 임레그-2, 디에티디티오카바메이트, 이터루킨-2, 알파-인터페론, 이노신 프라노백스, 메티오닌 엔케팔린, 무리밀-트리펩티드, TP-5, 에리트로포이에틴, 날트렉손, 종양괴사인자, 베타 인터페론, 감마 인터페론, 인터루킨-3, 인터루킨-4, 자가 CD8+ 냉침체, 알파 인터페론 면역클로블린, IGF-1, 항-Leu-3A, 자가백신화제, 생물학적 자극제, 체외의 포토포레이시스, FK-565, FK-506, G-CSF, 과온증 치료제, 이소피노신, IVIG, HIVIG, 수동 면역 치료제 및 폴리오백신 과면역법제가 포함된다. 본 발명의 화합물과 함께 투여할 수있는 그밖의 항감염제에는 펜타미딘 이세티오네이트가 포함된다. 모든 다양한 HIV또는 AIDS백신[예 : gp120(재조합제), Env 2-3(gp120), HIVAC-le(gp120), gp160(재조합제), VaxSyn HIV-1(gp160), 면역-Ag(gp120), gp(재조합제), VaxSyn HIV-1(g p24)]이 본 발명의 화합물과 함께 사용할 수있다.
본 발명의 화합물과 함께 사용할 수 있는 다른 제제는 안사마이신 LM 427, 아푸린산, ABPP, AI-721, 카리신, AS-101, 아바롤, 아지멕손, 콜시신, 화합물 Q, CS-85, N-아세틸시스테인, (2-옥시티아 졸리딘-4-카복실레이트), D-페니실아민, 디페닐히단토인, EL-10, 에리트로포이에텐, 푸시드산, 글루칸, HPA-23, 사람 성장 호르몬, 하이드록스클로로퀸, 이스카도르, L-오플로삭신 및 다른 퀴놀론 항생제, 렌티난, 탄산리튬, MM-1, 모노라우린, MTP-PE, 날트렉손, 뉴로트로핀, 오존, PAI,파낙스 진셍, 펜포파일린, 펜톡시파일린, 펜티드 T, 소나무 추상체 추출물, 폴리만노아세테이트, 레트쿨로즈, 레트로겐, 리바비린, 리보짐, RS-47, Sdc-28, 실리코텅스테이트, THA, 흉선 액소성 인자, 티모펜틴, 티모신 분획 5, 티모신 알파 1, 티모스티물린, UA001, 우리딘, 비타민 B12 및 우베무고스(wobemugos)이다.
본 발명의 화합물과 함께 사용할 수 있는 다른 제제는 암포테리신 B, 클로트리마졸, 플루사이토신, 플루사이토신, 플루코나졸, 이드라코나졸, 케토코나졸 및 니스테이틴 등과 같은 항진균제이다.
본 발명의 화합물과 함께 사용할 수있는 다른 제제는 아미카신 셀페이트, 아지트로마이신, 시프로플로삭신, 토수플로삭신, 클라리트로마이신, 클로파지마, 에탐부톨, 이소니아지드, 피라진아미드, 리파부틴, 리팜핀, 스트렙토마이신 및 TLC G-65등과 같은 항균제이다.
본 발명의 화합물과 함께 사용할 수 있는 다른 제제는 알파 인터페론, COMP(사이클로포스파미드, 빈크리스킨, 메토트렉세이트 및 프레드니손), 에토포시드, mBACOD(메토트렉세이트, 블레오마이신, 독소루비신, 사이클로포스파미드, 빈크리스틴 및 덱사메타손), PRO-MACE/MOPP(프레드니손, 메토트렉세이트(w/류코빈 리스큐), 독소루비신, 사이클로포스파미디, 에토모시드/메클로르에타민, 빈크리스틴, 프레드니손 및 프로카르바진), 비니크리스틴, 빈블라스틴, 아진오인히빈스, 펜토산 폴리설페이트, 혈소판 인자 4 및 SP-PG등)과 같은 항종양제이다.
본 발명의 화합물과 함께 사용할 수있는 다른 제제는 펩티드 T, 리탈린, 리튬, 엘라빌, 페니토인, 카바마지핀, 멕시테틴, 헤파린 및 사이토신 아라비노시드 등과 같은 신경 질환 치료용 약제이다.
본 발명의 화합물과 함께 사용할 수 있는 다른 제제는 알벤다졸, 아지트로마이신, 클라리토마이신, 클라다마이신, 코르티코스테이로이드, 답손, DIMP, 에플로르니틴, 566C80, 판시다르, 프라졸리돈, L671,329, 레트라주릴, 메트로니다졸, 파로마이신, 페플로삭신, 펜타미딘, 파디트렉심, 프리마퀸, 피리메타민, 소마토스테이틴, 스피라마이신, 설파디아진, 트리메토프림, TMP/SMX, 트리메트렉세이트 및 WR 6026 등이다.
본 발명의 화합물과 혼합하여 HIV 또는 AIDS를 치료하는 바람직한 제제 중에 역전 사효소 억제제가 있다.
AIDS 또는 HIV 감염증을 치료하는 본 발명의 화합물과 함께 사용할 수 있는 제제가 위에서 언급한 것으로 한정되는 것은 아니고, AIDS 또는 HIV 감염증을 치료 또는 예방하는 데 유용한 모든 제제가 포함된다는 것으로 사려되어야 할 것이다.
함께 투여하는 경우, 치료제가 동일한 시간에 또는 상이한 시간에 투여되는 분리된 조성물로서 제형화되거나, 치료제가 단일 조성물로서 투여될 수 있다.
위의 설명은 본 발명을 단지 예시하기 위한 것이고 위에서 언급한 화합물로 본 발명을 한정하고자 하는 것은 아니다. 기술 분야의 전문가에게는 명백학 본 발명의다양화 및 변형도 본 발명의 특허청구의 범위에서 정의한 본 발명의 범위 및 특성인 것으로 사려된다.
Claims (2)
- 다음 구조식의 화합물 또는 이의 염.
- 다음 일반식의 화합물 또는 이의 염.상기식에서, R은 수소 또는 저급 알킬이다.
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US99811492A | 1992-12-29 | 1992-12-29 | |
US7/998,114 | 1992-12-29 | ||
US07/998,114 | 1992-12-29 | ||
US15858793A | 1993-12-02 | 1993-12-02 | |
US08/158,587 | 1993-12-02 | ||
US8/158,587 | 1993-12-02 | ||
PCT/US1993/012326 WO1994014436A1 (en) | 1992-12-29 | 1993-12-16 | Retroviral protease inhibiting compounds |
KR1019940704362A KR100187613B1 (ko) | 1992-12-29 | 1993-12-16 | 레트로바이러스성 프로테이제 억제 화합물, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 함유하는 약제학적 조성물 |
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KR1019940704362A Division KR100187613B1 (ko) | 1992-12-29 | 1993-12-16 | 레트로바이러스성 프로테이제 억제 화합물, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 함유하는 약제학적 조성물 |
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KR970700181A KR970700181A (ko) | 1997-01-08 |
KR100187990B1 true KR100187990B1 (ko) | 1999-06-01 |
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KR1019940704362A KR100187613B1 (ko) | 1992-12-29 | 1993-12-16 | 레트로바이러스성 프로테이제 억제 화합물, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 함유하는 약제학적 조성물 |
KR1019960703602A KR100333016B1 (ko) | 1992-12-29 | 1993-12-16 | 레트로바이러스성프로테아제억제화합물,이의제조방법및이를함유하는약제학적조성물 |
KR1020017008351A KR100360964B1 (ko) | 1992-12-29 | 1993-12-16 | 레트로바이러스성 프로테아제 억제 화합물의 중간체의제조방법 |
KR1019960703601A KR100187990B1 (ko) | 1992-12-29 | 1993-12-16 | 레트로바이러스성 프로테아제 억제 화합물 제조용 합성 중간체 |
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KR1019940704362A KR100187613B1 (ko) | 1992-12-29 | 1993-12-16 | 레트로바이러스성 프로테이제 억제 화합물, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 함유하는 약제학적 조성물 |
KR1019960703602A KR100333016B1 (ko) | 1992-12-29 | 1993-12-16 | 레트로바이러스성프로테아제억제화합물,이의제조방법및이를함유하는약제학적조성물 |
KR1020017008351A KR100360964B1 (ko) | 1992-12-29 | 1993-12-16 | 레트로바이러스성 프로테아제 억제 화합물의 중간체의제조방법 |
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EP (4) | EP1090914B1 (ko) |
JP (6) | JP2637847B2 (ko) |
KR (4) | KR100187613B1 (ko) |
AT (4) | ATE230402T1 (ko) |
AU (3) | AU659575B2 (ko) |
CA (5) | CA2502856C (ko) |
DE (6) | DE69331643T2 (ko) |
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ES (4) | ES2174992T3 (ko) |
GR (2) | GR950300059T1 (ko) |
HK (3) | HK130697A (ko) |
HU (1) | HU211606A9 (ko) |
IL (5) | IL136396A (ko) |
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- 1993-12-16 KR KR1019940704362A patent/KR100187613B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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