JPWO2019131195A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用負極及び非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用負極及び非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2019131195A1 JPWO2019131195A1 JP2019562987A JP2019562987A JPWO2019131195A1 JP WO2019131195 A1 JPWO2019131195 A1 JP WO2019131195A1 JP 2019562987 A JP2019562987 A JP 2019562987A JP 2019562987 A JP2019562987 A JP 2019562987A JP WO2019131195 A1 JPWO2019131195 A1 JP WO2019131195A1
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- negative electrode
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- aqueous electrolyte
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Abstract
Description
正極は、正極集電体と、正極集電体上に形成された正極合材層とを備える。正極集電体には、アルミニウムなどの正極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合材層は、例えば、正極活物質、結着材、導電材等を含む。正極合材層は、例えば、正極集電体の両面に形成される。正極は、例えば、正極活物質、結着材、導電材等を含む正極合材スラリーを正極集電体上に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥することによって、正極集電体上に正極活物質層を形成し、当該正極活物質層を圧延することにより得られる。
図2は、実施形態の一例である負極の断面図である。図2に示すように、負極20は、負極集電体30と、負極集電体30上に形成された負極合材層31とを備える。負極集電体30には、銅などの負極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極合材層31は、例えば、負極集電体30の両面に形成される。
非水電解質は、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解した電解質塩とを含む。非水電解質は、液体電解質(非水電解液)に限定されず、ゲル状ポリマー等を用いた固体電解質であってもよい。非水溶媒には、例えば、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、プロピオン酸メチル(MP)等のエステル類、エーテル類、二トリル類、アミド類、及びこれらの2種以上の混合溶媒等が用いられる。非水溶媒は、上記これらの溶媒の水素の少なくとも一部をフッ素等のハロゲン原子で置換したハロゲン置換体を含有していてもよい。ハロゲン置換体としては、例えばフルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)等のフッ素化環状炭酸エステル、フッ素化鎖状炭酸エステル、フルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)等のフッ素化鎖状カルボン酸エステル等が挙げられる。非水電解質二次電池の充放電サイクル特性の低下抑制或いは入力特性の向上等の点で、非水電解質は、15質量%以上のフルオロエチレンカーボネートを含むことが好ましく、15質量%〜25質量%の範囲のフルオロエチレンカーボネートを含むことがより好ましい。電解質塩には、例えば、LiBF4、LiPF6等のリチウム塩等が用いられる。
セパレータは、例えば、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレン及びプロピレンの少なくとも一方を含む共重合体等のオレフィン系樹脂、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータは、セルロース繊維層及びオレフィン系樹脂等の熱可塑性樹脂繊維層を有する積層体であってもよい。また、ポリエチレン層及びポリプロピレン層等を含む多層セパレータであってもよい。また、セパレータの表面にアラミド系樹脂等が塗布されたものでもよい。また、セパレータと正極及び負極の少なくとも一方との界面には、無機物のフィラーを含む耐熱層が形成されてもよい。
[正極]
正極活物質としてLiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物を94.8質量部と、アセチレンブラック(AB)を4質量部と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を1.2質量部とを混合し、さらにN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えて、正極合材スラリーを調整した。次に、アルミニウム箔からなる正極集電体のリードが接続される部分を残して、正極合材スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた。ローラーを用いて塗膜を圧延した後、所定の電極サイズに切断し、正極集電体の両面に正極合材層が形成された正極を作製した。
炭素材料Aとしてタップ密度が0.92g/cm3、BET比表面積が4.2m2/gの黒鉛Aを89質量部と、炭素被膜を有するSiOx(x=0.94)を8質量部と、PAAのリチウム塩を1質量部と、CMCのナトリウム塩を1質量部と、SBRを1質量部とを混合し、水を適量加えて、第1層用の第1負極合材スラリーを調整した。また、炭素材料Bとしてタップ密度が1.14g/cm3、BET比表面積が6.1m2/gの黒鉛B1を97.5質量部と、CMCのナトリウム塩を1.5質量部と、SBRを1質量部とを混合し、水を適量加えて、第2層用の第2負極合材スラリーを調製した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを、3:7の体積比で混合した混合溶媒に、1.0mol/Lの濃度となるように六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を添加し、さらに2体積%(溶媒比)のビニレンカーボネートを添加して非水電解質を調製した。
上記負極及び上記正極にリードをそれぞれ取り付け、セパレータを介して各電極を渦巻き状に巻回して巻回構造を有する電極体を作製した。セパレータには、単層のポリプロピレン製セパレータを用いた。作製した電極体をアルミニウムラミネートシートで構成される外装体に挿入して、105℃で2時間30分真空乾燥した後、上記非水電解質を注入し、外装体の開口部を封止して試験セル(ラミネートセル)を作製した。試験セルの設計容量は880mAhである。
第2負極合材スラリーの調製において、炭素材料Bとしてタップ密度が1.06g/cm3、BET比表面積が4.4m2/gの黒鉛B2を用いたこと、第1層及び第2層の塗布量及び厚みを変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様に負極を作製した。負極合材層における第2層/第1層の質量比は0.5であり、第2層/第1層の厚み比は0.62であった。したがって、負極合材層の質量に対する第1層の質量が67質量%であり、負極合材層の質量に対する第2層の質量が33質量%であり、第2層が第1層より低い充填密度を有している。なお、負極合材層の充填密度は1.70g/cm3であった。当該負極を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に試験セルを作製した。
負極の作製において、黒鉛Aを93質量部と、炭素被膜を有するSiOx(x=0.94)を4質量部と、PAAのリチウム塩を1質量部と、CMCのナトリウム塩を1質量部と、SBRを1質量部とを混合し、水を適量加えた負極合材スラリーを用いて、負極集電体の両面に単層構造の負極合材層を形成したこと以外は、実施例1と同様に負極を作製した。また、当該負極を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に試験セルを作製した。
25℃の温度環境下、0.5Itの定電流で電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流充電を行い、その後、4.2Vで電流値が1/50Itになるまで定電圧充電を行った。その後、0.5Itの定電流で電池電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電を行った。この充放電を50サイクル行い、下記の式に基づいて、充放電サイクルにおける容量維持率を求めた。表1にその結果を示す。但し、表1では、比較例1の試験セルの容量維持率を基準(1.0)として、他の実施例及び比較例の容量維持率を相対的に示している。
X1:1サイクル目の放電容量
X2:50サイクル目の放電容量
[入力特性の評価]
25℃の温度環境下、0.5Itの定電流で初期容量の半分まで充電した後、充電を止めて15分間放置した。その後、0.1Itの電流値で10秒間充電をした後の電圧を測定した。その後10秒間の充電容量分を放電し、次の電流値にて10秒間充電後の電圧を測定し、10秒間の充電容量分を放電することを0.1Itから2Itまでの電流値で繰り返した。測定したそれぞれの電圧値から10秒間の充電で4.2Vになる電流値を算出することで、そのときの必要電力(入力特性)を求めた。その結果を表1に示す。但し、表1では、比較例1の試験セルの上記必要電力を基準(1.0)として、他の実施例及び比較例の上記必要電力を相対的に示している。1.0より高い値であれば、入力特性が向上していることを示している。
11 電極体
12 正極端子
13 負極端子
14 電池ケース
15 ケース本体
16 封口体
17 絶縁部材
20 負極
30 負極集電体
31 負極合材層
32 第1層
33 第2層
Claims (8)
- 負極集電体と、前記負極集電体上に形成された負極合材層とを備え、
前記負極合材層は、
炭素材料A及びSi含有化合物含む負極活物質と、ポリアクリル酸又はその塩を含む第1結着材とを有し、前記負極集電体上に形成された第1層と、
前記炭素材料Aより高いタップ密度を有する炭素材料Bを含む負極活物質と、第2結着材とを有し、前記第1層上に形成された第2層とを備え、
前記負極合材層の質量に対する前記第1層の質量が50質量%以上90質量%未満であり、前記負極合材層の質量に対する前記第2層の質量が10質量%超50質量%以下であり、
前記第2層の充填密度は前記第1層の充填密度より低い、非水電解質二次電池用負極。 - 前記炭素材料Bは、前記炭素材料Aより高いBET比表面積を有する、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極。
- 前記炭素材料AのBET比表面積は、0.9m2/g〜4.5m2/gの範囲であり、前記炭素材料BのBET比表面積は、4.0m2/g〜8.0m2/gの範囲である、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極。
- 前記炭素材料Aのタップ密度は、0.85g/cm3〜1.00g/cm3の範囲である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極。
- 前記炭素材料Bのタップ密度は、1.00g/cm3〜1.25g/cm3の範囲である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極。
- 前記負極合材層の充填密度は、1.65g/cm3以上である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極と正極と非水電解質とを備える非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非水電解質に15質量%以上のフルオロエチレンカーボネートが含まれている、請求項7に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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EP3734714A1 (en) | 2020-11-04 |
EP3734714A4 (en) | 2021-03-03 |
CN111033823A (zh) | 2020-04-17 |
JP7241701B2 (ja) | 2023-03-17 |
US12170362B2 (en) | 2024-12-17 |
CN111033823B (zh) | 2023-03-31 |
WO2019131195A1 (ja) | 2019-07-04 |
US20200365878A1 (en) | 2020-11-19 |
EP3734714B1 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
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