JPWO2016158851A1 - 血管内皮増殖因子受容体に結合する核酸アプタマー - Google Patents
血管内皮増殖因子受容体に結合する核酸アプタマー Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本明細書において「核酸アプタマー」とは、例えば約20〜200塩基長のような短い配列を有する核酸分子であって、ターゲットとなる分子や物質を特異的に認識できる一本鎖核酸分子を意味し、本発明に係る核酸アプタマーは、VEGF受容体に対して特異的に結合する機能を有する一本鎖核酸分子である。
本発明に係る核酸アプタマーの結合ターゲットとしては、VEGF受容体であり、好ましくはヒトVEGF受容体であり、より好ましくはヒトVEGF受容体1(VEGFR1)又はヒトVEGF受容体2(VEGFR2)である。VEGFR1及びVEGFR2は、例えば、組換えDNA技術を用いて培養細胞等で発現可能であり、あるいは研究用試薬として市販されている。典型的な態様において、本発明に係る核酸アプタマーは、以下に示す配列番号1〜5で表されるヌクレオチド配列を含む。なお、本明細書においては、ヌクレオチド配列は、5’末端から3’末端方向に左から右に記載する。また、当該アプタマーがRNAの場合には、前記核酸配列においてTはUである。
5’−GTGATGGTCGGAGATGGATGGGGCAGCTTAGGTC−3’
<配列番号2>
5’−GTCGTGGCGGGGTTTTGTTTTGGTCGGGGGGTG−3’
<配列番号3>
5’−GGGGGGTGGGGTCGGGTGTTGGTCGTGGGGGGCG−3’
<配列番号4>
5’−TAGGTGGGTTCGGGGGGTGCTGGTCGGGGGGTG−3’
<配列番号5>
5’−TGGGTTTAGGTTGGGTGGTTGGGTGGGGGGGGCG−3’
5’−P1−X−P2−3’
で表されるヌクレオチド配列を有する。ここで、Xは、配列番号1〜5で示されるヌクレオチド配列からなる群から選択されるヌクレオチド配列、又はそれらの配列において1〜3個のヌクレオチドの置換、欠失、又は付加を含む配列である。P1及びP2は、PCR増幅のために導入された第1及び第2プライマー認識配列である。好ましくは、P1は、GCCTGTTGTGAGCCTCCT(配列番号6)であり、及びP2は、CGCTTATTCTTGTCTCCC(配列番号7)である。
本発明の核酸アプタマーは、当該技術分野において周知のインビトロセレクション法を用いて選別及び取得することができる。そのような手法の好ましい例として、試験管内進化法(Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment:SELEX法)が用いられる。
(a)標的分子と複数種の一本鎖核酸フラグメントとを接触させて、標的分子と一本鎖核酸フラグメントとの複合体を形成させ、
(b)前記複合体を形成していない一本鎖核酸フラグメントを除去し、
(c)前記複合体を解離させて得られる一本鎖核酸フラグメントを含む候補核酸フラグメント群を取得し、
(d)前記候補核酸フラグメント群を増幅し、
(e)前記(a)〜(d)の工程を複数回繰り返し、
(f)所定の回数繰り返した後の候補核酸フラグメント群の塩基配列を決定し、重複して検出される塩基配列からなる重複性核酸フラグメントを特定し、
(g)前記工程(e)における繰り返し数の増加に伴って、存在頻度が増加する前記重複性核酸フラグメントを選択する、工程を含み、前記標的分子が、ファミリーを構成する複数種の分子の1つであり、その各分子を交互に用いて前記工程(e)を繰り返すことを特徴とする。
前記重複性核酸フラグメントの塩基配列は、前記標的分子が固定化されていない担体のみに結合する核酸フラグメントの塩基配列を含まないことがさらに好ましい。
上述のように、本発明に係る核酸アプタマーは、VEGF受容体に対して特異的に結合する機能を有することから、当該VEGF受容体の検出において好適に用いることができ、本発明の核酸アプタマーを含む検出用組成物は、VEGF受容体を発現する細胞に対する検出マーカーとしても用いることができる。
別の態様において、本発明は、上記核酸アプタマーを含有する、VEGF受容体の検出、診断又は治療用医薬組成物を提供するものである。好ましくは、当該医薬組成物は、核酸アプタマーに加えて、有効量のVEGF受容体の検出、診断又は治療のための医薬化合物(有効成分)、及び医薬上許容される担体を含むことができる。
本発明に係る医薬組成物の標的部位への送達を促進するために、当該組成物には、さらに核酸導入用試薬を含むこともできる。該核酸導入用試薬としては、アテロコラーゲン、リポソーム、ナノパーティクル、リポフェクチン、リプフェクタミン、DOGS(トランスフェクタム)、DOPE、DOTAP、DDAB、DHDEAB、HDEAB、ポリブレン、或いはポリエチレンイミン等の陽イオン性脂質等を用いることが出来る。
SELEX法を用いて、34塩基のランダムな配列を有するDNAプールからVEGFR1およびVEGFR2に対し特異的に結合するアプタマーの選別を行った。図1は、磁性粒子を用いるSELEX法の工程を示す。詳細は以下のとおりである。用いるランダムDNAは1本鎖であるが、これを以後センス鎖とする。標的分子であるVEGFR1およびVEGFR2は、R&Dシステムズ社から購入し、Pierce社製の磁性粒子表面に固定化し、これを用いた。
DNAプール ランダム34(日本遺伝子研究所社製)
配列:5’−GCCTGTTGTGAGCCTCCT(N34)CGCTTATTCTTGTCTCCC−3’(配列番号8)
長さ:70塩基(ランダム配列は中央の34塩基)
分子量:21391.3g/mol
モル吸光係数:630475L/mol・cm
ランダム配列の両末端の塩基配列はPCRの時に用いるプライマー配列である。
磁性粒子表面へのVEGFR1およびR2の固定化は、磁性粒子に添付してある説明書に従い行った。
タンパク質固定化磁性粒子を17μLとり、磁石を用いながらバッファーI(リン酸バッファー、pH7.4、Ca、Mgフリー、2mM EDTA、0.1%HSA)で良く洗浄したのち、10μM濃度に調整したDNAプール20μLを添加し、30分間室温で混ぜ合わせる。その後、磁石を用いながらバッファーIで洗浄を3回行うことでターゲット結合性DNAと非結合性DNAを分離した。最終的に溶液を50μLのTEバッファーに置換したのち、95℃で10分加熱し、タンパク質固定化磁性粒子に吸着したDNAをはがした。回収した上澄み液にはタンパク質結合能を有するセンス鎖DNAが含まれているので、これを、PCR法を用いて増幅した。増幅したDNAは2重鎖構造をしており、アンチセンス鎖を形成するプライマー配列にはビオチンが修飾されているため、この2重鎖から目的とするセンス鎖のみをストレプトアビジン固定化磁性粒子を用いて精製・回収した。この回収した一本鎖DNAを再びタンパク質固定化磁性粒子と混合し、上記手順を繰り返した。図1に示すように、まずVEGFR1固定化磁性粒子に対して上記手順を行い、その後VEGFR2固定化磁性粒子に対して上記操作を行った。これを1サイクルとし、計4サイクルおよび5サイクル行ったところで得られたDNAを、次世代シーケンサー(Ion Torrent PGM)を用いて解析した。この解析により得られたシーケンスデータをR1−4R、R1−5R、R2−4R、R2−5Rとする。
得られたシーケンスデータ、R1−4R、R1−5R、R2−4R、R2−5R、negative(×2)、R1−6R、R2−6Rで得られた各配列の数をソフトウエア(CLC)を用いて解析した。さらに、これらシーケンスデータをエクスポート後、ひとつに混ぜ合わせたファイルを作成し、ソフトウエア(ClustalXなど)を用いてアラインメントを行った。得られた解析結果から、negativeの配列を含まず、且つ4Rから6Rになるにつれて存在割合が増大している配列を選び出した。このようにして選択されたDNAアプタマーの塩基配列は以下のとおりである。
5’−GTGATGGTCGGAGATGGATGGGGCAGCTTAGGTC−3’
<No.17(配列番号2)>
5’−GTCGTGGCGGGGTTTTGTTTTGGTCGGGGGGTG−3’
<No.18(配列番号3)>
5’−GGGGGGTGGGGTCGGGTGTTGGTCGTGGGGGGCG−3’
<No.22(配列番号4)>
5’−TAGGTGGGTTCGGGGGGTGCTGGTCGGGGGGTG−3’
<No.23(配列番号5)>
5’−TGGGTTTAGGTTGGGTGGTTGGGTGGGGGGGGCG−3’
<No.24(配列番号9)>
5’−GGGGGAGTGATGTTGGGGTTGGGGGGTGGGGGCG−3’
表面プラズモン共鳴センサー(biacoreX)を用いて、得られた核酸アプタマーとVEGFR1およびVEGFR2に対する結合能を評価した。まず、説明書に書かれている操作を参照し、核酸アプタマーをセンサーチップ表面に固定化した。その後、濃度の異なるVEGFR1又はVEGFR2タンパク質をインジェクトしセンサーグラムを得た。このセンサーグラムを、ソフトウエア(bia-evaluation)を用いて single cycle analysisにより解析を行うことで、表1に示すような解離定数が算出できた。
5’−GTCGTGTTTGTTGTTGTTTTCATTTTTGCGGCCC−3’
<No.02(配列番号11)>
5’−GCTGATAGGATGGGTTGTAGGTCTAGGGGGGGGCC−3’
Claims (18)
- 配列番号1〜5で示されるヌクレオチド配列からなる群から選択されるいずれか一つの核酸配列を含み、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)受容体に対して特異的に結合することを特徴とする核酸アプタマーであって、前記アプタマーがRNAの場合には、前記核酸配列においてTはUであることを特徴とする核酸アプタマー。
- 前記VEGF受容体が、VEGFR1及びVEGFR2のいずれか一方又は両方である請求項1に記載の核酸アプタマー。
- VEGFR1及びVEGFR2の両方に対して特異的に結合する請求項1に記載の核酸アプタマー。
- DNAアプタマーである請求項1〜3のいずれか記載の核酸アプタマー。
- VEGF受容体が、ヒトVEGF受容体である請求項1〜4のいずれか記載の核酸アプタマー。
- 糖鎖部分での化学的置換、リン酸エステル部分での化学的置換及び核酸塩基部分での化学的置換からなる群より選択される、少なくとも1つの化学修飾を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか記載の核酸アプタマー。
- 5’末端又は3’末端に蛍光標識を有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか記載の核酸アプタマー。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の核酸アプタマーが蛍光発光し得る金属ナノ粒子(量子ドット)表面に吸着されている核酸アプタマー。
- 5’末端または3’末端に蛍光標識を有する請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の核酸アプタマーがラマン散乱活性を有する金属である金、銀、銅、鉄及び珪素から選ばれる一種以上の粒子に吸着されている核酸アプタマー。
- 5’末端又は3’末端が、ビオチン、アビジン若しくはストレプトアビジン又はその他の特異的結合タグペプチドと連結される、請求項1〜6のいずれか記載の核酸アプタマー。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の核酸アプタマーを含む、ヒトVEGF受容体の検出用組成物。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の核酸アプタマーを含む、ヒトVEGF受容体の検出用キット。
- 請求項1〜10いずれかに記載の核酸アプタマーを用いることを特徴とする、血管新生に関連する疾患の診断方法。
- 前記核酸アプタマーを内皮細胞、血管組織、血液、血清及び、血漿よりなる群から選択される生体から採取された試料と接触させる工程、及び当該試料と核酸アプタマーとの結合による応答を観測することによってVEGF受容体の存在を検出する工程を含む、請求項13に記載の診断方法。
- 前記応答が、蛍光応答である、請求項14に記載の診断方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の核酸アプタマーを含有する、血管新生に関連する疾患の予防又は治療用医薬組成物。
- 前記血管新生に関連する疾患が、腫瘍血管新生、糖尿病性網膜症又は慢性関節リウマチである請求項16に記載の医薬組成物。
- 標的分子に対し特異的に結合する核酸アプタマーのスクリーニング方法であって、
(a)標的分子と複数種の一本鎖核酸フラグメントとを接触させて、標的分子と一本鎖核酸フラグメントとの複合体を形成させ、
(b)前記複合体を形成していない一本鎖核酸フラグメントを除去し、
(c)前記複合体を解離させて得られる一本鎖核酸フラグメントを含む候補核酸フラグメント群を取得し、
(d)前記候補核酸フラグメント群を増幅し、
(e)前記(a)〜(d)の工程を複数回繰り返し、
(f)所定の回数繰り返した後の候補核酸フラグメント群の塩基配列を決定し、重複して検出される塩基配列からなる重複性核酸フラグメントを特定し、
(g)前記工程(e)における繰り返し数の増加に伴って、存在頻度が増加する前記重複性核酸フラグメントを選択する、
工程を含む核酸アプタマーのスクリーニング方法であって、
前記標的分子が、ファミリーを構成する複数種の分子の1つであり、その各分子を交互に用いて前記工程(e)を繰り返すことを特徴とするスクリーニング方法。
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