JPS5951677B2 - Windmill with variable position blades - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] This invention relates to a windmill.

The practical application of wind turbines for extracting wind energy from natural wind is being promoted due to the need to develop alternative energy to oil.

One of the problems with "Practical Application of Wind Turbines" is to widen the range of rated output operation and to avoid damage to the wind turbine during gusts of wind.

The wind turbine power P is: ρ: air density, U: wind speed, η
: efficiency, A: swept area, then P=1/2・ρ・U3←〜・η・A ・・・・・
・Given by (1).

When generating electricity using a power generation device using a wind turbine and feeding the generated power to a power grid, the wind turbine is often required to operate at its rated output in order to maintain the quality of the grid power.

As shown in Fig. 1, an example of such an operation mode is that the starting rotation is performed at a wind speed of U1 or more, but the output is not connected to the grid power grid until the rated wind speed UR is reached to obtain the rated output PR.
A constant output is supplied only between wind speeds UR and U2.

However, in Japan, the average wind speed is relatively low and the wind speed range required for rated output operation is narrow, but as is clear from equation (1), if the wind turbine area is increased, the rated output can be achieved. This means that the wind speed required for this purpose can be small, and even low-density wind jE can be used effectively, which is extremely advantageous for the use of wind energy in regions with climates where the average wind speed is low. .

For this reason, a wind turbine that can increase the area of the wind turbine that receives wind is desired.

On the other hand, when gusts of wind blow, such as during a typhoon, the gusts can hit windmills and cause accidents that damage them.
Countermeasures are necessary.

One of the effective countermeasures is to reduce the wind turbine area only during typhoons.

As described above, there is a desire for a wind turbine that can adjust the size of the wind blowing area as necessary, but to date, no wind turbine has been able to easily and reliably satisfy this requirement.

This invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a vertical rotating shaft type wind turbine that can easily and reliably adjust the receiving area according to the wind strength during rated operation. That is.

Corresponding to this purpose, a wind turbine of the present invention includes one or more blades having a constant wind receiving area and a vertical rotation axis, and a drive device attached to the vertical rotation axis, The attachment of the blade to the vertical rotation shaft is characterized in that the position of the blade relative to the vertical rotation shaft is made variable by displacing the member with the drive device.

The details of this invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings showing one embodiment.

2, 3, and 4 show embodiments in which the present invention is applied to a gyro mill type wind turbine device having a vertical rotation axis. is a gyro mill type wind turbine device, the wind turbine device 1 is equipped with a vertical rotation shaft 2, and support arms 3a of equal length around the rotation shaft 2,
A blade 4a having a wind receiving area via 3b and 3C,
4b is installed.

Brackets 1-53, 5b are fixed to one end and the lower end of the blades 4a, 4b, and one ends of the support arms 3a, 3b are pin-coupled to the brackets 1-53 via pins 6a, Further, one end of the support arm 3C is pin-coupled to the bracket 1-5b via a pin 6b.

A ring member 7 is slidably fitted onto the rotating shaft 2, and two bosses 8 and 9 are formed therein.

A bracket 11 is formed on the ring member 7, and the other end of the support arm 3a is pin-coupled to this bracket I.11 via a pin 12.

A bracket 13 is formed on the boss 8, and the other end of the support arm 3b is pin-coupled to the bracket I13 via a pin 14.

Further, a bracket 15 is formed on the boss 9, and the other end of the support arm 3C is connected with a pin to this bracket I.15.

On the other hand, the annular member 7 is driven by a drive device 17.

The drive device 17 includes a motor 19, a screw shaft 21, and a nut member 2.
It consists of 2nd class.

That is, a support plate 18 is fixed to the rotating shaft 2, a motor 19 is attached to the support plate 18, and a screw shaft 21 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 19.

The screw shaft 21 is located parallel to the rotating shaft 2 and is screwed into a nut member 22 fixed to the ring member 7.

In the wind turbine device configured in this way, the motor 19
By rotating the screw shaft 21, the screw shaft 21 is rotated, thereby pushing up the collar 1 to the member 22 screwed onto the screw shaft 21 and the ring member 7 fixed thereto along the rotation shaft 2 in the direction of the arrow a.

As a result, the blades 4a and 4b are displaced in the direction of arrow C and approach the rotating shaft, and as a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the radius vector of the wind turbine becomes smaller, and the area of the wind turbine that receives wind is reduced.

If the motor 19 is rotated in the opposite direction, the ring member 7 will move down in the direction of the arrow d, and the blades 4a and 4b will be displaced in the direction of the arrow d, increasing the radius of the wind turbine, as shown in FIG. , the wind turbine area increases.

Therefore, when the blades 4a and 4b are likely to be damaged by strong winds, such as during a typhoon, the wind turbine's receiving area can be reduced as a safety measure to avoid damage to the wind turbine.

In addition, when the wind is light, the area of the wind turbine that receives the wind can be increased to effectively extract wind energy.

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a Darrieus type wind turbine device.

The Daritas type windmill device 31 is equipped with blades 33 bent in a curve drawn by a skipping rope (troboskinin).

The blade 33 is configured to be deformable, and one end is connected to the vertical rotation shaft 32.

A portion of the rotating shaft 32 is formed into a spline shaft 34 having a spline groove, and a spline 35 is engaged with the spline shaft 34.

The other end of the blade 33 is connected to a spline 35 via a rope 36.

Spline 35 is driven along axis of rotation 32 by a drive device (not shown) similar to drive device 17 shown in FIG.

In the Darius type wind turbine device configured in this way,
When the spline 35 is pushed down in the direction of the arrow e, the blades 33 are displaced in the direction of the arrow g and approach the rotating shaft 32, and as a result, the radius of the wind turbine becomes smaller as shown in FIG. do.

Furthermore, when the spline 35 is pushed up in the direction of the arrow f, the blades 33 are displaced in the direction of the arrow and move further away from the rotating shaft 32. As a result, the radius of the wind turbine increases as shown in FIG. increase

Output control during rated operation is as follows.

That is, to describe an example of a control method for a gyro mill type windmill, the windmill A shown in FIG. 10 has a wind speed U~ (
m/S) Rotation speed ω* (rpm) Rotor diameter 2R* (m) Optimally set.

Also, the rated output is P (kW).

The control necessary for such a wind turbine is that when generating electricity using an alternator, (1) the output and rotation speed are adjusted to P=P*=- in response to wind speed fluctuations;
Constant ω=ω＊□=Keep constant.

(2) It is essential to prevent overdrive of the rotor and generator in strong winds (for example, if the wind speed doubles, the inflow energy will be 23=8 times).

Now, C = Niblade type O lift slope δ2 (N・1.)/(2・R) Nisolidity μ= (
R・ω)/lL=Tip speed ratio ) (2) When N=Ni-blade number■=Ni-blade chord length, the optimal design condition is Cδ*μ*=8/3 (3)
is given by

The generated power P is P=2H-R・4 to 2(1-k) U34-~
It is given by (4).

According to the gyro mill design theory, k=1− (1/8)Cδμ (5)
It is.

Now, when the wind speed becomes V-U,,o, (y times the rated wind speed), we will consider a control method to keep the output P and rotational speed ω constant.

That is, U~=y−UoO P=P*
) (6) When ω=ω*, k=X-R* (7)
Let's assume that

From the relationship (1), δμ = ((N・1)/ (2R)) (Rω/-) =
(N・1・ω)/ (2U~) (8)
Considering that, from (3) and (5), *2/
3 (9) k=1−
(1/8) ((Cδμ)/(Cδ*μ*))・
(8/3) -1-(1/ (3y)) (
10) From these, formula (4) is P = 2H-xR*・4 (]--1/ (3y))
” ・(1/ (3y)) (yU□2)3 = (8/27) HR*U2・(3y-1)2-x
(11) Rated power P
* considers k'=2/3 and becomes P * -2HR"4k"2 ・ (
1k *) U o.

= (32/27) HR, tJOO (12), so the condition of P=P* is from equations (11) and (12), (3y -1) 2x= 4 x = 4/ (3y -1 ) 2(13) is obtained.

As is clear from the following description, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a wind turbine whose wind receiving area can be easily and reliably adjusted as necessary.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the operation mode of a wind turbine for power generation, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a gyro mill type wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a front view of the wind turbine shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged explanatory view showing the support part of the wind turbine shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the wind turbine shown in FIG.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the wind turbine device shown in FIG. 2 has an increased swept area, FIG. 7 is a front explanatory diagram showing a Darrieus type wind turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the wind turbine shown in FIG. 7 has a reduced wind receiving area, FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the wind turbine shown in FIG. 7 has increased a wind receiving area, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the wind turbine shown in FIG. It is a perspective explanatory view of a gyro mill type wind turbine. ]... Wind turbine device, 2... Rotating shaft, 3a
, 3b. 3C...Support arm, 4a, 4b...
Blade, 17... Drive device, 31...
・Darrius type wind turbine device, 32...Rotating shaft, 33
...Blade, 36...Rope.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. The blades are equipped with one or more blades having a fixed wind receiving area and a vertical rotation axis, and a drive device attached to the vertical rotation axis, and the attachment of the blades to the vertical rotation axis is performed by moving the member to the vertical rotation axis. 1. A wind turbine having variable position blades, characterized in that the position of the blades relative to the vertical axis of rotation is made variable by displacement using a drive device.