JPH021816A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make a bright display which is not affected by a small numerical aperture so much even if the numerical aperture is small by a forming optical means in a monolithic state in each display unit area on a transparent substrate where source light beam exits after imposing optical modulation by an incidence- side transparent substrate and liquid crystal. CONSTITUTION:The liquid crystal display device which has a couple of mutually opposite transparent substrates 2a and 2b and is constituted by arranging display unit areas including display picture elements in a matrix. Then microlens arrays 7a and 7b are formed by display units areas in the monolithic state on the incidence-side transparent substrate 2a for the source light beam P and further on the transparent substrate 2b from which the light beam exits after the optical modulation is imposed by the liquid crystal 5. The incident light beam is therefore converged by the display picture elements on areas effective for the display of display unit areas and image formed with the light beam modulated by the liquid crystal is smooth; and the incident light beam is not lost because of the small numerical aperture and then the liquid crystal display never becomes dark, so that the display is bright.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device with improved display brightness, and more specifically, to a liquid crystal display device with improved display brightness, which is required for camera viewfinder displays and projection displays such as televisions. The present invention relates to an improved high-definition matrix type liquid crystal display device.

2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal display panel has been developed as a display device that utilizes the electro-optic effect of liquid crystal for pixel display. This liquid crystal display panel basically consists of a large number of pixel electrodes arranged in a dot matrix and a liquid crystal layer that optically modulates incident light according to the voltage applied thereto.

The dynamic IY mode of the liquid crystal display has twisted-nematic (hereinafter referred to as "rTN") depending on the type of liquid crystal sealed in the liquid crystal layer or the difference in electro-optical properties.
(abbreviated as rSTNJ) mode, supertz fstead bookmatic (hereinafter abbreviated as rSTNJ) mode, guest host) -
(hereinafter abbreviated as rQHJ) mode, dynamic scattering mode (hereinafter abbreviated as rDSMJ),
Many modes have been developed, including phase transition modes. Regarding the methods of individually controlling each display pixel consisting of a liquid crystal layer and a pixel electrode, as explained below, there are three methods: (1) simple matrix method;
There are 2) a multiple matrix method, (3) a method in which f nonlinear two-terminal elements are added, and (4) a method in which a switching three-terminal element is added. However, in any of the above-mentioned methods, there are causes that reduce the brightness of the display. As an ideal display state, assuming field 3 where the brightness is −(, π) for the entire main area of the display area,
``The ratio of the difference 5-N (hereinafter referred to as [effective area E of all pixels]) between the entire surface VLS of the display area and the area N of the part that does not contribute to the display area with respect to the total area S is set as aperture ¥ = P as follows: If defined as in the formula, it can be considered that a decrease in the display aperture ratio P is approximately equal to a decrease in display brightness.

P=E/'S, E=SN... (
1) P=1-N/S ・
... (2) P, aperture ratio E: effective area of all pixels S: total area of the display area N1 area of the part that does not contribute to display Therefore, as can be seen from the second equation, which is a modification of the first equation, the display area As the ratio N/S of the area N of the portion that does not contribute to display to the entire surface fIS increases, the aperture ratio P decreases, that is, the display brightness also decreases.

Hereinafter, a description will be given of what causes the aperture ratio P to decrease and the display brightness to decrease according to the method of individually controlling pixels.

(1) Simple matrix method A strip-shaped parallel electrode group is arranged on each of two substrates, and the substrates are pasted together so that they are perpendicular to each other, and liquid crystal is injected to form a panel. one row electrode (scanning electrode)
A row selection signal is applied to j: next. other column '1
An image signal is applied to 11H[(signal electrode) in synchronization with the row selection signal. Therefore, the intersection of the row electrode and the column TL pole becomes a pixel, and the α crystal supported by the picture electrode is optically modulated by the pixel in response to the potential difference between the two.

Liquid crystals, except for ferroelectric ones, generally have the characteristic of responding to an effective value, and in order to avoid steep threshold characteristics, each pixel is not electrically independent, so the cross 1-1 will occur. Therefore, the number of scanning lines cannot be set too large in terms of dynamic range with respect to crosstalk margin. However, if the pixel bits are made smaller within this range and a fine matrix is constructed, the area of the non-electrode part is large to prevent short circuits, and in particular, it is possible to scan using metal wiring instead of a transparent conductive film. Even if light source light for display is incident on the field 6 that constitutes the electrode, it will not contribute to display because it is inactive or opaque, and this causes the reduction in the aperture ratio.

(2) Multiplex 7-trix method This is a method in which the number of signal electrodes is increased by the number of scan electrodes reduced by modifying the electrodes of the simple matrix method, thereby preventing a reduction in the total number of pixels. When such a multiple matrix method is used, the duty ratio of the voltage applied to each pixel increases, making it easier to obtain a clear image. In the half-plane multi-matrix method, the shape of the electrode becomes complicated and wiring resistance tends to increase. Therefore, if the wiring resistance cannot be kept low enough with the transparent conductive film alone, metal wiring is used in conjunction with it.If the shape of the electrode becomes complex, the proportion of gaps such as blanks or gaps around the pixel electrode increases, and By using metal wiring in combination, the portion of the display area that does not contribute to display or the opaque portion increases by 6%, thereby decreasing the aperture ratio.

(3) A method that adds a nonlinear two-terminal element. This method uses a varistor, MIM (Metal
In5ulntor Metal), back-to-back diode (tack Lo Back Diode)
de ) and other nonlinear elements are added. Add a nonlinear element to IJ.

Although it is possible to suppress crosstalk by doing so, the area that can be used for display decreases by the amount of the nonlinear element ';-(=f, since the region for adding f must be provided separately from the pixel). However, this causes a decrease in the aperture ratio.

(4) Method with added switching three-terminal element As mentioned above, crosstalk can be prevented to some extent by adding a nonlinear element such as a diode between the signal electrode and the scanning electrode of the pixel. At present, the voltage decays rapidly after a pulse is applied to the liquid crystal, making it impossible to obtain sufficient contrast of the liquid crystal. Therefore, instead of using nonlinear elements such as diodes, there is a method in which switching transistors are added to the pixel electrodes, signal electrodes, and scanning voltages, and each pixel is individually driven using the switching transistors. When a driving voltage is applied to the liquid crystal during the selection period of the pixel electrode, the storage capacitor installed in parallel with the liquid crystal as a capacitor is also charged at the same time, and during the non-iH selection period of the pixel electrode, the liquid crystal g) Persistence of excited deafness. If the liquid crystal is capacitive and the time constant is sufficiently large compared to the drive delay period,
The M Vl capacitor can be omitted. Thin film transistors (T
hinFil+n TransiStor, hereinafter referred to as TP
(abbreviated as T), or MOS with a circuit formed on a silicon wafer < Metal Oxide 5enic
onductor type field effect transistor (MOS)
-FET) and SOS (*1licon onsa) in which a silicon circuit is formed on a sapphire substrate.
PPBIRE) elements are used. This method can increase pixel density because there is no crosstalk and the excited state of the liquid crystal can be maintained even when scanning electrodes are being scanned. Furthermore, it is easy to display halftones by changing the strength of the signal voltage. However, if the nonlinear element described above is f
Similar to the added method, it is necessary to provide an area separate from the pixel for the switching transistor and storage capacitor, which reduces the effective area of the pixel that can be used for display and lowers the aperture ratio. do.

Among liquid crystal display panels, especially color liquid crystal displays, for example, if the three additive primary colors are set as the colors for colored display, only the spectral region of one of the three primary colors is used in the spectrum of the incident light, and the remaining components are is absorbed by the coloring means. Furthermore, in the case of a liquid crystal operation mode that uses a polarizing plate, the usable view is further halved, resulting in a very dark display in a reflective display system that does not provide illumination means. For this reason, a light source such as an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp, or an EL (electroluminescence) panel is provided as an illumination means, or measures are taken to guide ambient light to the back side of the liquid crystal display panel. However, when applying liquid crystal display panels to portable devices, there are severe constraints on power supply capacity, so it is important to improve the luminous efficiency of the light source and how effectively the light source light can be used for liquid crystal displays. The brightness is determined.

As mentioned above, the cause of decreasing the aperture ratio and display brightness is the addition of pixel restrictions ((n) metal wiring of electrodes (1) described according to method 1 (1) to (4)). Nonlinear element or switching element (c) Pixel T, gap around the pole (, J) Display is not controlled, but there is a black matrix portion for improving display contrast.

When a liquid crystal display panel is used for a viewfinder display in a camera or a projection display for a television, etc., the display panel (or light valve panel) needs to have a small area and a large number of pixels. In a liquid crystal display panel that requires reproduction of such high-definition images, the pitch of the scanning electrodes and signal electrodes that constitute the pixel electrodes must be made small. For example, when the pixel pitch is 5 lines per lrom, the aperture ratio is about 50% of a panel using TPT with a normal design.
However, if the pixel pitch is made smaller, the aperture ratio will naturally fall below this value. In other words, if all the constituent elements of a liquid crystal display can be reduced to a certain degree, the aperture ratio will change (there will be no fins, but there is a limit to the etching accuracy and positioning accuracy of the electrodes in photolithography, which is about 1 μm to 10 μm). Therefore, the width of the metal wiring of the electrode and the size of the additional element cannot be reduced below a certain level.

Therefore, if the external dimensions of the liquid crystal panel are fixed and the pixel pitch is decreased, the aperture ratio will decrease.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing one display position area on a liquid crystal display panel, and T is used as a switching element for controlling pixels.
PT is used. The TPT is constructed by sequentially stacking a gate electrode 51, a gate insulating film (not shown), a semiconductor film 52, a source electrode 53, and a drain electrode 54 on a transparent insulating substrate such as glass. The train electrode 54 is connected to a pixel electrode 55 and a storage capacitor (2I not shown) provided as necessary. A scanning pulse is periodically applied to the gate electrode 51 via the gate line GL, and the TPT is turned on (turned on).Synchronizing with this, an image signal is applied to the source voltage 53 via the source line SL, and the pixel electrode 55 is electrically connected in parallel with the pixel electrode 55 via the TPT as necessary. The voltage is applied to a storage capacitor provided to drive the liquid crystal.

The 1-display vehicle position area and the aperture ratio will be explained below with reference to 5th (2I). The 1-display vehicle position area 56 consists of an area 57 that directly contributes to display and an area 58 that does not directly contribute to display. The region 57 consists of a pixel electrode and a liquid crystal layer whose orientation is changed by the pixel electrode to which a voltage is applied, and the incident light is displayed through the transparent pixel electrode 55 after being optically modulated by the liquid crystal layer. A region 58 that does not directly contribute to display is a gate for selectively applying a voltage to the pixel electrode 55.
, TPT element, wires such as the game line aL and the source line SL, and five gaps such as a blank around the pixel leader, and a gear space. Therefore, the aperture ratio for the display unit head area of the liquid crystal display panel is determined by the total area S of the display unit area 56, scanning type rGL, signal chief SL, and TPT that do not directly contribute to the display out of the area S. It is calculated by dividing the difference 5-rl between the area n of the elements, their arrangement, and the gap 59 around the pixel chief by the entire surface [s of the 1-display vehicle position area 56.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention As mentioned above, due to the display that does not contribute to the display itself (gaps around one area or opaque parts such as metal wiring or additive elements), the incident light is optically absorbed by the non-α-quality layer for display. The aperture ratio decreases because the optical modulation is not performed or is blocked.Therefore, the aperture ratio can be said to be the proportion of light incident on the liquid crystal display panel that can be controlled for display purposes. Even when viewed under the same lighting conditions, a liquid crystal display panel with a high aperture ratio appears relatively bright, and a panel with a low aperture ratio appears relatively dark.In this way, in the past,
The brightness of the display largely depends on the aperture ratio, and the opaque areas between pixels appear as black borders, resulting in poor image quality.

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, improve the "darkness" and "darkness" of the display caused by the decrease in the aperture ratio that occurs in high-definition liquid crystal display devices, and reduce the aperture ratio. It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display device that can provide a "bright" and "smooth" display that is not affected much by changes.

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device which basically has a pair of transparent substrates facing each other and in which display units M1 areas including display pixels are arranged in a matrix. A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that an optical means is monolithically formed on a transparent substrate on an incident side for each of the display unit areas, and such optical means is formed to condense incident light into a display pixel. It is.

A1 = U for the present invention (for example, display electrodes are arranged in the row direction or column direction on a pair of transparent substrates facing each other, and are added to the display pixels and their peripheries that are the intersection areas) connected wiring and f
[In a liquid crystal display device in which a plurality of display areas consisting of additive elements are configured, at least the transparent substrate on the incident side of the light source light, and furthermore the side from which the light exits after being optically modulated by the liquid crystal. Transparency! 5. Suppose that an optical means is formed for each display unit area in a monolithic manner. As a result, the incident light is focused on a region within the display pixel that is effective for display for each display pixel. Also, the incident light changes 'JfJ? , & optical means formed on the outgoing transparent substrate condense light advantageous for display and display.

The optical means focuses the incident light on each display pixel in a display unit area (G), which is effective for display. The incident light is not irradiated onto the opaque parts such as the opaque parts, and the loss of the incident light is suppressed. Furthermore, deterioration in timing performance due to irradiation of switching elements and the like with high intensity light is also prevented. As a result, the incident light is advantageously used for display without causing the high display to be omitted (due to the loss of incident light due to the small aperture ratio since b℃) or the switching failure of the switching element. A bright picture f'? ! , is obtained.

In addition, since there was an opaque area between the pixels in the conventional system, this created a black border in the display state and caused the image to become dark, or the liquid crystal By means of optical means formed in the transparent substrate from which the light exits the paper, the black spots are eliminated or reduced to a very small area, and the image is smoothed.

Embodiment FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a portion of an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and 212I is a sectional view of one display unit region thereof. The method for controlling pixels is a simple matrix method.The liquid crystal display panel 1 has a pattern of strip-shaped transparent electrodes 3=t, 3b on one opposing surface of each of a pair of transparent substrates 2.:t, 2b. This transparent electrode 3a3b and the transparent substrate 2 in the gap are formed.
Further, alignment films 4a and 4L+ are formed on the surfaces of a and 2b.

In this way, the transparent electrode 3; t, 3b and the orientation M
4 a.

The transparent substrates 2a and 2L+ on which the transparent electrodes 4b are formed are arranged at a predetermined distance apart so that the band-shaped transparent electrodes 3a and 3b face each other orthogonally between the transparent substrates 2a and 2b. A liquid crystal 5 is sealed in the gap between the transparent substrates 2a and 2b using a sealing material (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) for fixing the substrates 2a and 2b to each other. In the case 6 where the liquid crystal operation mode is the TN mode, it is further necessary to provide a polarizing plate on the opposite side of the transparent substrates 2a and 2Ll from the side where the liquid crystal 5 is sealed. The microlens array, which is a characteristic component of the liquid crystal panel of the present invention, is located on the surface of the transparent substrates 2a, 2b opposite to the surface facing the sealed liquid crystal 5 at a position corresponding to the electrode pattern of the display pixel. The lens forming layers 6a and 6b are formed in advance, respectively.

This pattern formation is performed using general techniques such as photolithography, lift-off, metal mask, and ion implantation. In FIG. 2, lens formation NJ6t-L, 6
1+ microlens arrays 7a each.
, 71:+ are shown facing each other on the transparent substrates 2a and 2b.

The thicknesses dl and d2 of the transparent substrates 2a and 2b are adjusted as appropriate, taking into account the refractive index of the microlens array 7ε' + 7b and the visual dependence of the display on the liquid crystal display panel 1 and the intended use. It will be done. j5 by the drive circuit li'89 via the operation line 18 connected to the transparent molds tI3a, 3b.
A voltage is selectively applied between Meidenshin 3a and 3L+.

Referring to FIG. 2, light source light from a lighting device provided separately from the jII crystal panel 1 or light introduced from around the liquid crystal display device is transmitted to the lower transparent substrate as shown by arrow nP. 2a. The incident light is focused by the first lens array 7a formed on the transparent substrate 2=t, and the incident light is focused at approximately the center of the display pixels arranged in advance (i.e. transparent':r:
, near the center of the liquid crystal 5 sealed between the FMs 3a and 3b). The focused light passes through the transparent substrate 2b while being diffused.
The light is again focused by the lens array 7b and exits as shown by the arrow R, and the display on the liquid crystal display panel 1 is performed. A voltage is selectively applied to the transparent electrodes 3εt and 3b of the liquid crystal panel 1 by a drive circuit 9. As a result, the light incident on the liquid crystal display panel 1 passes selectively through the liquid crystal display panel 1 according to the displayed content. That is, for example, among a plurality of display pixels defined by the combination of transparent electrodes 3a and 3b, a display pixel to which a voltage is applied becomes light-transmitting, and a pixel to which no voltage is applied becomes light-blocking, so that the liquid crystal display panel 1 can serve as a light valve.

In this way, the light source light passing through the lens array 7 = t is condensed and does not pass through liquid crystal parts or metal wiring that do not contribute to the display, such as gaps between the electrodes 3a and 3b among the display pixels, and is displayed. It undergoes optical modulation only through the display pixels that participate in the process. Thereby, the light incident on the liquid crystal display panel 1 can be effectively used for display.

In the liquid crystal display panel 1, the liquid crystal material 111 used is nematic liquid crystal, freesteric liquid crystal, smectic liquid crystal, or a mixed liquid crystal thereof, depending on the display method. The transparent substrates 2a and 2b may be glass or 5iOz (
Materials such as quartz) are used. As the transparent electrodes 3a and 3b, a transparent conductive film such as indium oxide, acid (easily added indium tin oxide consisting of H!S, hereinafter abbreviated as IT○) V, or wood film is used. It is formed on the transparent substrates 2a, 2b by a method such as spraying, vapor deposition, or sputtering. As the alignment film 4ε and 4b, an inorganic film such as 5iOz or SiO, or an organic film such as polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, urea resin film, nylon, or acrylic film is used.
After being formed on the transparent electrodes 3a and 3b, rubbing treatment, oblique sputtering treatment, etc. are performed. In addition, the microlens arrays 7a, 71:+ remove heavy elements such as Tl (thallium) from the surface of the transparent substrates 2a, 21) such as glass or 5ic)z (quartz) by methods such as thermal diffusion or electric field applied diffusion. It is used by directly forming a refractive index distribution different from the refractive index of the transparent substrates 2a, 21:+ in the transparent substrates 2a, 2tJ by diffusion or by an ion exchange method. In addition,
The method for producing the microlens is not limited to the method, but may also be a distributed refractive index lens such as a photosensitive glass method or a plasma CVD method, or a microlens (not shown).

3rd [21] is a diagram showing the basic principle of the lens array used in the iα product display device of the present invention. Figure 3 (1)
and the 31st Elil (2) is a pair of convex lenses 30a
Field 6 where parallel ray A is perpendicularly incident on 30b
and a case where a parallel light ray B is incident obliquely are shown. In FIG. 3 (1), the second lens 30εt
Both lenses 30b and 30b are convex lenses, and out of each pair of focal points F, , F', and F 2 F' 2, the focal point F' on the side where the lens 30a and the second lens 30b face each other is
Lenses 30εL and 30b so that l and F2 are at the same point
Focal length fiL1°L2 stylus force i! ! They are arranged with only L1+L2 open and closed. Here, focal length LL,
L2 corresponds to the distance 1 between the second lens array 7b and the center of the liquid crystal 5, indicated by 211J, and the distance 1L2 between the center of the liquid crystal 5 and the second lens array 7b, respectively.

As a result, the parallel light ray A that entered the lens 30a perpendicularly from the left hand is condensed and focused at the point F'+=F2. The light that is focused and then diffused is the second lens 30b.
incident on . Since the focal point F2 is arranged in advance to coincide with the focal point F, the light incident on the second lens 30b is converged by the second lens as a parallel light ray Δ゛. Figure 3 (
The arrangement of the first and second lenses 30a and 30b in 2) is the same as in 3rd [2I(1)]. In Fig. 3 (2), the parallel ray B is different from the case of No. 3121 (1) above in that it enters the lens 30a from the left hand at an angle, as indicated by the arrow mark on the optical path. . The light that has passed through the first lens and the second lens is again converted into parallel light 11AB' and exits in a direction symmetrical to the direction of incidence.

3rd [Unlike the t% difference in J(1), the incident parallel light enters the lens 30a obliquely, so the light focused by the lens 30a moves away from the optical axis ■ on the mole surface. Focus on point G.

The second lens 30b is provided to display the light collected by the second lens 30ZL in accordance with the respective purpose, such as a viewfinder display of a camera or a projection type display of a television.

Therefore, depending on the application, the clear vision distance (e.g. 2
5 cm) or connect one elephant to infinity. Depending on the application, the second lens 30b may not be particularly arranged.

In this way, since the convex lens has the effect of narrowing down and focusing the incident light, the pair of convex lenses 30 shown in the third [21]
A liquid crystal display bar is inserted near the focal point F', -F between a and 30b, and the incident light focused by the first lens 30a is irradiated onto the portion of the display phase region that contributes to the display of the display pixel. I'll do what I do. As a result, the incident light is not irradiated onto parts of the display pixels that are not used for display or opaque parts such as metal wiring, so there is no loss of light and the incident light is effectively used for display.

In addition, the distance between the second lens 30a and the second lens 30t, + is expanded compared to the field 6 in FIG. 31121 (1) and FIG. Place the LCD panel on the The light focused on the mole surface of the second lens 30a illuminates and passes through the liquid crystal, and converges on the conjugate surface of the mole after passing through the second lens 30b, forming an image of the light source. Therefore, if the liquid crystal panel is driven with the second lens 30b clearly visible from that position, the liquid crystal panel will display the brightest image.

Therefore, depending on the field in which the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is applied, the distance between the liquid crystal display device and the user's eyes is assumed in advance, and the image of the light source is focused at that distance.・R will appear the brightest.

Furthermore, in No. 31:3(1) and No.3[](2>), the position of the focal point condensed by the first lunse 30a depends on whether the incident light is perpendicularly or obliquely incident on the second lunse 30a. Although it is slightly from F', = F2 to point G,
It fluctuates in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis H on the mole surface. Therefore, depending on the use of the liquid crystal display panel, the focal lengths LL and L2 of the lens array and the thickness of the transparent substrate should be calculated so that the viewing angle dependence of the liquid crystal display and the above-mentioned focus variation range are within the display pixel. , a liquid crystal display panel of the present invention is manufactured.

4th (2I) is a sectional view for explaining the main part structure of a cell substrate of a liquid crystal display panel using a TPT element as a switching element as an embodiment of the present invention. TPT is a transparent insulating material such as glass. A gate electrode 42, a gate insulating film 43, a semiconductor film 44, a source electrode 45, and a drain electrode 46 are sequentially patterned and layered on a substrate 41.The drain electrode 46 includes a pixel electrode 47 and a necessary Storage capacitor (not shown) provided according to
is connected. On the surface of the transparent substrate 41 opposite to the surface on which the TPT element and the pixel electrode 47 are provided, a transparent substrate 41 is provided at a position corresponding to the pattern of the display screen electric current fi 47.
A microlens array or micro Fresnel lens array 48 having regions having a different refractive index than the microlens array 48 is formed by the method described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Thin film forming methods include vacuum evaporation, sputtering, C
A VD method, an Aradama CVD method, a low pressure CVD method, or the like is used, and patterning is performed using a shadow mask or photolithography technique. The substrate on which this TPT is formed constitutes a cell that encapsulates the liquid crystal, and in order to drive the liquid crystal, the peripheral part of the display pixel electrode 47 is further shielded from light.
A light shielding film that prevents deterioration of the display characteristics of the PT element and an alignment film that aligns the axes of liquid crystal molecules are provided. Next, a transparent conductive film made of ITO is provided as a scanning electrode on a transparent substrate such as glass by a method such as vacuum evaporation, ion blasting, or sputtering, and an alignment film for aligning liquid crystal is laminated thereon. A microlens array or a micro Fresnel lens array having a region having a different refractive index from that of the transparent substrate is formed on the surface of the transparent substrate opposite to the surface on which the transparent conductive film and the alignment film are provided. Note that this lens array may not be provided depending on the use of the α-crystal display spring. A liquid crystal display panel is manufactured by bonding these two substrates together via a spacer, injecting liquid crystal into the gap between the two substrates, and then sealing the injection port. In addition, if the dynamic mode of the liquid crystal is T or N mode, polarizing plates are further provided on both sides of the α-crystal display panel.

When an rl-type semiconductor is used as the semiconductor v, 44, when a positive voltage is applied to the gate Ti[42, an electron accumulation layer is formed at the interface of the semiconductor film 44 on the gate insulating film 43 side.
The resistance between source electrode 45 and drain electrode 46 is modulated. A scanning pulse is periodically applied to the tar-electrode 42 via a gate line (not shown), and the TPT is brought into a conductive ON state.

Furthermore, in synchronization with this, a negative signal is applied to the source':ri pole 45 via the source line SL (not shown), and the TP
Pixel electrode 47 and pixel electrode 4 as necessary through T
7 is electrically applied to a storage capacitor arranged in parallel to drive the liquid crystal. The storage capacitor is blocked by TPT [
! This is to maintain the voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal even during a non-selection period in which the pixel electrode 117 is not selected in the 7r (off) state. If the time constant of the liquid crystal is sufficiently larger than the scanning period, there is no need to provide a storage capacitor.

By arranging the liquid crystal display panel as described above, the light (indicated by arrow Q) incident on the surface of the 412I transparent substrate 41 opposite to the image sensor 47 is transmitted to the pixel by the microlens array 48. It focuses near the center of the electrode 47 (more precisely, the liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the scanning electrodes facing the pixel TL pole 47). As a result, the incident light is irradiated only to the pixels formed on the transparent substrate 41, and does not enter the TPT element, the wiring 5, or the gaps therebetween, which do not contribute to the display of the liquid crystal. In particular, even if a light shield '-OF is installed to prevent damage to the switch 17 due to long-term irradiation of high-intensity light onto the TPT element, etc., the display will not be affected. This allows the incident light to effectively illuminate the display pixels, making it possible to display a brighter liquid crystal display than before. Also,
By providing a lens array on the surface opposite to the surface facing the liquid crystal of the transparent substrate provided opposite to the transparent substrate 41, the incident light that is collected and focused by the lens array 48 and is about to be diffused can be redirected. A liquid crystal display device capable of condensing light and suitable for the field to which the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is applied
It can be carried out.

The present invention does not change the electro-optical properties of the liquid crystal or the operation method of the display electrode, but rather controls the display even within the display pixels by forming optical means for each display pixel on a transparent substrate that seals the liquid crystal. (By making the incident light mainly enter the part that can be removed, the loss of the incident light is reduced and the display brightness is improved. Therefore, the present invention is applicable to the TN mode, STN mode, G1+ mode, DSM The present invention can be applied to any operation mode such as , rotation mode, etc., but especially TN mode, STN mode and Gll mode give preferable results.

The present invention can also be applied to multi-color liquid crystal display (3-color, 4-color or more) capable of displaying color by combining two monochrome colors, and the applied form can also be applied to graphic display, character display, etc. Furthermore, it is also applicable to a liquid crystal display device in which a large number of liquid crystal display modules are arranged in parallel to obtain a large screen display.

Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, a bright display that is hardly affected by a small aperture ratio can be obtained in a high-definition liquid crystal display device used for a viewfinder display of a camera or a projection type display of a television.

Furthermore, the black border that conventionally existed between display pixels is not displayed, resulting in a smooth image. Furthermore, there is no need to provide a means such as a lens array separately from the liquid crystal display device, and pattern formation of the microlens array can be performed using photolithography or the like. By using patterning techniques such as these, the positions of the lens array and display electrodes can be determined with high precision, and the overall number of components is reduced, resulting in a space-saving, low-cost liquid crystal display device.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one display unit area of the first liquid crystal display panel 1, and FIG. A diagram showing the basic principle of the lens array used in the liquid crystal display device of the invention,
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing one display unit area of a liquid crystal display panel. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1...Liquid crystal display bulb, 2a, 21J, 41...Transparent substrate, 3εt, 3b, 47.55...Transparent double positive and pixel electrode, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7
b, 48-Lens forming layer and microlens array agent Patent attorney Keishi Saikyo Figure 1

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] A liquid crystal display device having a pair of transparent substrates facing each other and display unit areas including display pixels arranged in a matrix, wherein at least the display units are arranged on the transparent substrate on the incident side of the light source light. 1. A liquid crystal display device comprising an optical means formed for each region, the optical means condensing incident light into a display pixel.