JPH0218646B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0218646B2 JPH0218646B2 JP7884284A JP7884284A JPH0218646B2 JP H0218646 B2 JPH0218646 B2 JP H0218646B2 JP 7884284 A JP7884284 A JP 7884284A JP 7884284 A JP7884284 A JP 7884284A JP H0218646 B2 JPH0218646 B2 JP H0218646B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- bending
- temperature
- strain
- transformation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/02—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes over a stationary forming member; by use of a swinging forming member or abutment
- B21D7/024—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes over a stationary forming member; by use of a swinging forming member or abutment by a swinging forming member
- B21D7/025—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes over a stationary forming member; by use of a swinging forming member or abutment by a swinging forming member and pulling or pushing the ends of the work
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔発明の利用分野〕
本発明は、金属材料の曲げ加工方法、さらに詳
細には、たとえば、原子力発電施設に布設される
各種管材が形材に曲げ部を形成する場合に採用し
て好適な、改良された金属材料の曲げ加工方法に
関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method for bending metal materials, and more particularly, to a method for bending metal materials, and more specifically, for example, when various pipe materials installed in a nuclear power generation facility form bent portions in the shapes. The present invention relates to an improved method for bending metal materials that is suitable for use in.
金属材料からなる各種管材や形材のうち、管材
に曲げ部を形成する方法には、従来、いわゆる高
周波加熱法が採用されている。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conventionally, a so-called high-frequency heating method has been adopted as a method for forming a bent portion in a pipe material among various pipe materials and shapes made of metal materials.
高周波加熱法とは、大略、被加工材である管材
の外周を高周波加熱コイルによつてリング状に加
熱すると同時に、上記被加工材に曲げ推力を付与
し、かつ被加工材の先端側を曲げ方向に旋回させ
るというものである。 Roughly speaking, the high-frequency heating method involves heating the outer periphery of a pipe material, which is a workpiece material, in a ring shape using a high-frequency heating coil, and at the same time applying a bending thrust to the workpiece material, and bending the tip side of the workpiece material. It means turning in the direction.
すなわち、上記した高周波加熱法は、被加工材
の変形抵抗を高周波加熱コイルによつて局部的に
下げつつ、被加工材に曲げを付与するという熱間
管曲げ方式の一つであるが、曲げに要する加工力
は、冷間管曲げ方式の場合の約1/5程度にしか小
さくならず、さらに管曲げ加工によつてスプリン
グバツクを生じるため、このスプリングバツクを
取り除く工程を新たに必要としている。 In other words, the high-frequency heating method described above is a hot tube bending method that applies bending to the workpiece while locally lowering the deformation resistance of the workpiece using a high-frequency heating coil. The processing force required for this process is only about 1/5 that of the cold pipe bending method, and since the pipe bending process causes spring back, a new process is required to remove this spring back. .
一方、金属材料からなる形材に曲げ部を形成す
る方法には、従来、いわゆる引張曲げ加工法や圧
延曲げ加工法が採用されているが、上記いずれの
方法を採用する場合であつても、形材に曲げ加工
をほどこすことによつてスプリングバツクを生じ
るという点では、高周波加熱法の場合と同様の問
題がある。 On the other hand, conventionally, so-called tension bending method and rolling bending method have been adopted as methods for forming bent parts in shapes made of metal materials, but regardless of which method is adopted, There is a problem similar to that of the high-frequency heating method in that spring back is caused by bending the shape.
〔発明の目的〕
本発明は、上記した管材や形材など、金属材料
の曲げ加工を従来よりも簡便におこなうことがで
きるよう、種々検討の結果なされたものであつ
て、その目的とするところは、被加工材に付与す
る曲げ推力を従来よりも小さくし、しかも被加工
材にスプリングバツクを生じない、作業性にすぐ
れた金属材料の曲げ加工方法を提供しようとする
ものである。[Object of the Invention] The present invention has been made as a result of various studies to enable easier bending of metal materials such as the above-mentioned pipe materials and shapes than before, and its purpose is to The object of the present invention is to provide a method for bending metal materials with excellent workability, which reduces the bending thrust applied to the workpiece compared to the conventional method, and does not cause spring back in the workpiece.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、被加工材
の外周を加熱すると同時に、上記被加工材に曲げ
推力を付与し、かつ被加工材の先端側を曲げ方向
に旋回する金属材料の曲げ加工方法において、上
記被加工材に一定の曲げ推力を加えつつ、被加工
材自身の変態点温度以上に上記被加工材を加熱
し、その後、上記被加工材を、被加工材自身の変
態点温度以下にまで冷却し、上記加熱・冷却サイ
クルを繰返しおこなうことを特徴とするものであ
る。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a bending process for a metal material in which the outer periphery of the workpiece is heated, a bending thrust is applied to the workpiece, and the tip side of the workpiece is turned in the bending direction. In the method, the workpiece is heated to a temperature higher than the transformation point temperature of the workpiece itself while applying a constant bending thrust to the workpiece, and then the workpiece is heated to the transformation point temperature of the workpiece itself. The method is characterized in that the heating and cooling cycle described above is repeated.
以下、本発明を、管材に曲げ加工をほどこす場
合を例にとり、図面の一実施例にもとづいて詳細
に説明すると、第１図は本発明方法の実施に供し
て好適な熱間管曲げ装置の要部の平面図、第２図
は第１図のＸ矢視図で、第１図において、１は被
加工材Ｗの曲げ半径を規定するガイドアームを示
し、ガイドアーム１は、その旋回中心Ｃを中心と
して、アーム駆動部２によつて回転される。ガイ
ドアーム１の先端寄りには、被加工材Ｗを把持す
るクランプ３が装着されている。４は第２図に示
すように、被加工材Ｗの外周をリング状に加熱す
る高周波加熱コイルで、この加熱コイル４は、コ
イル駆動部５によつて上下・左右に移動できるよ
う構成されており、被加工材Ｗの周方向の加熱温
度を均一化する。６はコイル電源、７はコイル制
御部、８は被加工材Ｗの加熱温度を検出する温度
センサーを示し、温度センサー８の検出値は、コ
イル制御部７に送られ、コイル電源６は、コイル
制御部７からの信号によつてコントロールされ
る。第１図において、９は被加工材Ｗに曲げ推力
を付与するシリンダー、１０はシリンダー９によ
つて押圧された被加工材Ｗを案内するガイド部材
を示している。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail based on an embodiment of the drawings, taking as an example the case of bending a pipe material. Fig. 1 shows a hot pipe bending apparatus suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the main parts of FIG. 1, and in FIG. It is rotated by the arm drive section 2 around the center C. A clamp 3 for gripping a workpiece W is attached near the tip of the guide arm 1. As shown in FIG. 2, reference numeral 4 denotes a high-frequency heating coil that heats the outer periphery of the workpiece W in a ring shape. This makes the heating temperature of the workpiece W in the circumferential direction uniform. 6 is a coil power supply, 7 is a coil control unit, 8 is a temperature sensor that detects the heating temperature of the workpiece W, the detected value of the temperature sensor 8 is sent to the coil control unit 7, and the coil power supply 6 is a coil control unit. It is controlled by a signal from the control section 7. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 9 indicates a cylinder that applies a bending thrust to the workpiece W, and reference numeral 10 indicates a guide member that guides the workpiece W pressed by the cylinder 9.
本発明方法の実施に供して好適な熱間管曲げ装
置の構成は以上のごときであり、次に、上記管曲
げ装置を用いて被加工材Ｗに曲げ加工をほどこす
場合について説明する。 The configuration of a hot tube bending device suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention is as described above.Next, a case where a workpiece W is subjected to a bending process using the tube bending device described above will be described.
まず、被加工材Ｗを第１図の二点鎖線で示す状
態にセツトする。また、ガイドアーム１も、第１
図の二点鎖線で示す状態にセツトし、クランプ３
によつて被加工材Ｗの先端を把持しておく。この
状態で、被加工材Ｗの外周を加熱コイル４によつ
てリング状に加熱し、被加工材Ｗの加熱温度を温
度センサー８によつて検出すると同時に、シリン
ダー９によつて被加工材Ｗに推力を加える。な
お、本発明において、被加工材Ｗに加えられる推
力は、後述の理由により、被加工材Ｗの加熱温度
が当該被加工材Ｗの変態域を通過しない場合に、
被加工材Ｗを変形させない程度の推力で十分であ
る。 First, the workpiece W is set in the state shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. Further, the guide arm 1 also has a first
Set the clamp 3 to the state shown by the two-dot chain line in the figure.
The tip of the workpiece W is gripped by the handle. In this state, the outer periphery of the workpiece W is heated in a ring shape by the heating coil 4, the heating temperature of the workpiece W is detected by the temperature sensor 8, and at the same time, the cylinder 9 is used to heat the workpiece W in a ring shape. Add thrust to. In addition, in the present invention, the thrust force applied to the workpiece W is such that when the heating temperature of the workpiece W does not pass through the transformation region of the workpiece W for reasons described later,
A thrust force that does not deform the workpiece W is sufficient.
ここで、被加工材Ｗの熱サイクル付与時におけ
る変形状態を、第３図にもとづいて説明する。 Here, the deformation state of the workpiece W during thermal cycling will be explained based on FIG. 3.
第３図の横軸に時間を取り、縦軸に温度と発生
ひずみとを取ると、たとえば素材が12Cr鋼であ
る場合、そのAc1変態は約800℃前後であり、
Ms1変態は約300℃前後であるが、素材に0.9Kg/
mm2の低作用力を加えた状態で温度を上げて行く
と、Ac1変態時に1.0×10-2のひずみ（γc）を生
じ、また冷却過程にあつては、Ms1変態時に0.1
×10-2のひずみ（γr）を生じる。 If we take time on the horizontal axis in Figure 3 and temperature and generated strain on the vertical axis, for example, if the material is 12Cr steel, its Ac 1 transformation will be around 800℃,
Ms 1 metamorphosis is around 300℃, but 0.9Kg/
When the temperature is increased with a low acting force of mm 2 applied, a strain (γ c ) of 1.0 × 10 -2 occurs during Ac 1 transformation, and in the cooling process, a strain (γ c ) of 1.0 × 10 -2 occurs during Ms 1 transformation.
A strain (γ r ) of ×10 −2 is produced.
したがつて、本発明方法において、被加工材Ｗ
の加熱温度を常温から徐々に上げて行き、被加工
材Ｗの温度が当該被加工材Ｗの変態点Ac1を越え
たことを温度センサー８が検出したならば、加熱
コイル４に対する通電を断てばよく、第３図の事
象から、被加工材Ｗの温度が当該被加工材Ｗの変
態点Ac1を通過した時点で被加工材Ｗにひずみを
生じものであつて、このひずみは、ガイドアーム
１で規定された曲げ半径のひずみとなる。次に、
被加工材Ｗの冷却過程において、被加工材Ｗの温
度が当該被加工材Ｗの変態点Ms1よりも降下した
ことを温度センター８が検出したならば、今度
は、加熱コイル４に対する通電を開始し、被加工
材Ｗに対する再加熱をおこなえばよく、第３図の
事象から、被加工材Ｗの温度が当該被加工材Ｗの
変態点Ms1を通過した時点でも、被加工材Ｗにひ
ずみを生じるものであるから、このひずみは、被
加工材ＷがAc1変態点を越えた場合のひずみと同
様、ガイドアーム１で規定された曲げ半径のひず
みとなる。 Therefore, in the method of the present invention, the workpiece W
The heating temperature of the heating coil 4 is gradually raised from room temperature, and when the temperature sensor 8 detects that the temperature of the workpiece W has exceeded the transformation point Ac 1 of the workpiece W, the power supply to the heating coil 4 is cut off. From the events shown in FIG. 3, it is clear that strain occurs in the workpiece W when the temperature of the workpiece W passes through the transformation point Ac 1 of the workpiece W, and this strain is This is the strain of the bending radius defined by the guide arm 1. next,
During the cooling process of the workpiece W, if the temperature center 8 detects that the temperature of the workpiece W has fallen below the transformation point Ms 1 of the workpiece W, then the heating coil 4 is turned off. From the events shown in Fig. 3, even when the temperature of the workpiece W passes through the transformation point Ms 1 of the workpiece W, the workpiece W is heated again. Since it causes strain, this strain becomes a strain in the bending radius defined by the guide arm 1, similar to the strain when the workpiece W exceeds the Ac 1 transformation point.
なお、一般鋼材は斯界において周知のように、
変態点A3、Ａcm、A1を有する。その状態を第５
図に示す。 In addition, as is well known in the industry, general steel materials are
It has transformation points A 3 , A cm and A 1 . That state is the fifth
As shown in the figure.
第５図において、曲線ABCは合金が凝固を始
める温度で、水平線DBEは凝固を終る温度であ
る。すなわち、純金属は始めＡ点で凝固を始める
が、これに他金属を加えて合金にすると、その成
分割合が多くなるにつれて凝固を始める温度は
AB（A3変態）のように下り、さらに成分割合が
増すとBC（Ａcm変態）のように上昇する。そし
て、凝固を終る温度は、成分割合にかかわらず常
にDBE線（A1変態）の温度にある。 In FIG. 5, curve ABC is the temperature at which the alloy begins to solidify, and horizontal line DBE is the temperature at which solidification ends. In other words, a pure metal initially begins to solidify at point A, but when other metals are added to form an alloy, the temperature at which solidification begins increases as the proportion of the components increases.
It descends like AB (A 3 metamorphosis) and rises like BC (Acm metamorphosis) when the component ratio increases further. The temperature at which solidification ends is always at the DBE line ( A1 transformation) regardless of the component ratio.
しかして、本発明の一実施例においては、素材
として12Cr鋼の場合を例にとり、約800℃前後の
変態点をAc1と表現し、また300℃前後の変態点
をMs1と表現したが、上記Ac1およびMs1は、普
通鋼材におけるA3（またはＡcm）およびA1と同義
語であり、この変態点（AC1およびMs1）を境と
して温度を制御する。 Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, taking the case of 12Cr steel as the material, the transformation point around 800°C is expressed as Ac 1 , and the transformation point around 300°C is expressed as Ms 1 . , the above Ac 1 and Ms 1 are synonymous with A 3 (or Acm) and A 1 in common steel materials, and the temperature is controlled around this transformation point (AC 1 and Ms 1 ).
第４図は上記した被加工材Ｗの熱サイクルを示
し、本発明においては、被加工材Ｗの曲げ加工が
終了するまで上記熱サイクルにもとづく加熱・冷
却を繰返しおこなう。 FIG. 4 shows the thermal cycle of the workpiece W described above, and in the present invention, heating and cooling based on the thermal cycle described above are repeated until the bending of the workpiece W is completed.
なお、被加工材が12Cr鋼である場合の温度−
ひずみ特性は第３図に示したごときであるが、
12Cr鋼の場合、Ac1、Ms1点を通過する場合のト
ータルひずみは第６図のようになる。 In addition, when the workpiece material is 12Cr steel, the temperature -
The strain characteristics are as shown in Figure 3.
In the case of 12Cr steel, the total strain when passing through one point of Ac 1 and Ms is as shown in Figure 6.
しかして、本発明においては、上記したごとき
ひずみデータを元にして、製品仕様（製品径、曲
げ角度、曲げ半径などの仕様換算値）に応じてト
ータルひずみを算出し、これにもとづいて熱サイ
クルを計算すればよい。 Therefore, in the present invention, the total strain is calculated based on the above strain data according to the product specifications (specification conversion values such as product diameter, bending angle, bending radius, etc.), and the thermal cycle is calculated based on this. All you have to do is calculate.
本発明は以上のごときであり、本発明は、金属
材料の変態超塑性現象を被加工材Ｗの曲げ加工に
利用し、金属材料の変態域特性、すなわち大きな
延性と小さな変抵抗とを利用して、小さな加工力
で被加工材Ｗに曲げを付与することができるもの
であり、計算上、従来の熱間管曲げ方式に比較し
て、約1/10程度の小さな曲げ推力でもつて被加工
材Ｗの曲げ加工をおこなうことができる。また、
上記のごとく、金属材料の変態超塑性現象を利用
して曲げ加工された被加工材Ｗは、常温で高強度
を有するため、従来のごときスプリングバツクの
問題は生じない。 The present invention is as described above, and the present invention utilizes the transformation superplasticity phenomenon of metal materials for bending the workpiece W, and utilizes the transformation region characteristics of the metal materials, that is, large ductility and small resistance to transformation. It is possible to bend the workpiece W with a small processing force, and according to calculations, it is possible to bend the workpiece W with a small bending thrust of about 1/10 compared to the conventional hot tube bending method. The material W can be bent. Also,
As described above, the workpiece W that is bent using the transformation superplasticity phenomenon of a metal material has high strength at room temperature, and therefore does not suffer from the problem of spring back as in the prior art.
以上詳述したように、本発明によれば、被加工
材に付与する曲げ推力を従来よりも小さくし、し
かも被加工材にスプリングバツクを生じない、作
業性にすぐれた金属材料の曲げ加工方法を得るこ
とができる。
As detailed above, according to the present invention, the bending force applied to the workpiece is smaller than that of the conventional method, and the method for bending metal materials has excellent workability, which does not cause spring back on the workpiece. can be obtained.
第１図は本発明方法の実施に供して好適な熱間
管曲げ装置の要部の平面図、第２図は第１図のＸ
矢視図、第３図は管曲げ材料が12Cr鋼である場
合の温度−ひずみ特性線図、第４図は本発明方法
によつて管曲げ材料を温度制御する場合の温度分
布特性線図、第５図は鋼材の状態図、第６図は第
３図に示す12Cr鋼の１ヒートサイクルのトータ
ルひずみを説明する図である。
１…ガイドアーム、２…アーム駆動部、３…ク
ランプ、４…高周波加熱コイル、５…コイル駆動
部、６…コイル電源、７…コイル制御部、８…温
度センサー、９…シリンダー、１０…ガイド部
材、Ｗ…被加工材。
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the main parts of a hot tube bending apparatus suitable for carrying out the method of the present invention, and FIG.
3 is a temperature-strain characteristic diagram when the tube bending material is 12Cr steel, FIG. 4 is a temperature distribution characteristic diagram when the temperature of the tube bending material is controlled by the method of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a state diagram of the steel material, and FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the total strain of the 12Cr steel shown in FIG. 3 during one heat cycle. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Guide arm, 2... Arm drive part, 3... Clamp, 4... High frequency heating coil, 5... Coil drive part, 6... Coil power supply, 7... Coil control part, 8... Temperature sensor, 9... Cylinder, 10... Guide Component, W...Work material.
Claims (1)
加工材に曲げ推力を付与し、かつ被加工材の先端
側を曲げ方向に旋回する金属材料の曲げ加工方法
において、上記被加工材に一定の曲げ推力を加え
つつ、被加工材自身の変態点温度以上に上記被加
工材を加熱し、その後、上記被加工材を、被加工
材自身の変態点温度以下にまで冷却し、上記加
熱・冷却サイクルを繰返しおこなうことを特徴と
する金属材料の曲げ加工方法。1. A metal material bending method in which the outer periphery of the workpiece is heated, a bending thrust is applied to the workpiece, and the tip side of the workpiece is turned in the bending direction. While applying a bending thrust, the workpiece is heated above the transformation point temperature of the workpiece itself, and then the workpiece is cooled to below the transformation point temperature of the workpiece itself, and the heating and cooling A method of bending metal materials characterized by repeated cycles.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7884284A JPS60223618A (en) | 1984-04-19 | 1984-04-19 | Bending method of metallic material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7884284A JPS60223618A (en) | 1984-04-19 | 1984-04-19 | Bending method of metallic material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60223618A JPS60223618A (en) | 1985-11-08 |
| JPH0218646B2 true JPH0218646B2 (en) | 1990-04-26 |
Family
ID=13673072
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7884284A Granted JPS60223618A (en) | 1984-04-19 | 1984-04-19 | Bending method of metallic material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60223618A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7429711B2 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2008-09-30 | Noble Advanced Technologies, Inc. | Metal forming apparatus and process with resistance heating |
| CN101875073B (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2012-09-26 | 晋西工业集团有限责任公司 | Die for performing loop forming on metal bar material and using method thereof |
-
1984
- 1984-04-19 JP JP7884284A patent/JPS60223618A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60223618A (en) | 1985-11-08 |
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