JPH07178664A - Grinding machine and workpiece spindle structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a grinding machine capable of grinding by automatization such as even a pin member having an elliptic sectional shape. CONSTITUTION:An X-axis stage 2 along an X-axis direction and a Z-axis stage 3 in a direction at a right angle to this X-axis stage are provided on a bottom board 1, to respectively set up an X-axis moving table 4 having a main shaft 13 for holding a workpiece 67 in the X-axis stage 2 and a Z-axis moving table 5 having a grinding wheel shaft 22 for holding a grinding wheel 24 in the Z-axis stage 3. Further, in order to measure a grinding condition of the workpiece 67, a measuring shaft movable in the X- or Z-axis direction is provided, and further in order to dress the grinding wheel 24, a dresser rotary shaft movable in the X- or Z-axis direction is provided. The main shaft 13 held to a spindle stock 12 has a constitution of integrally building also a draw bar 18 with a DD motor 14 and an encoder 19.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a small grinding machine for grinding a pin member such as a punching arrow of a mold and a work spindle structure suitable for the grinding machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An example of a small-sized cylindrical grinding machine which is a kind of conventional grinding machines of this kind is shown in FIGS. 14
Is a top view of the cylindrical grinder, FIG. 15 is a front view of FIG. 14, and FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a sliding portion of the grinder. As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, a turning table 80a is provided on a surface plate 80, and a spindle 82 is arranged on the turning table 80a via a headstock 81. A Z-axis table 83 is installed on the turning table 80a so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and an X-axis table 84 is provided on the Z-axis table 83 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. The X-axis table 84 is provided with a grindstone shaft 86 via a grindstone base 85, and a grindstone 87 is attached to the grindstone shaft 86.

The Z-axis table 83 is fed in the Z-axis direction by rotating the handle 88, and the X-axis table 84 is moved in the X-axis direction by rotating the handle 89. . Further, the main shaft 82 rotates around the C axis by a drive source not shown, and the grindstone shaft 86 also rotates around the A axis by a drive source not shown.

FIG. 16 shows the sliding portion of the grinder. The Z-axis table 83 has an upper surface provided with a convex portion having a partially triangular cross section and the X-axis table 84 having a lower surface. A concave portion having a shape that matches the convex portion is formed to form a so-called arimizo structure. The X-axis table 84 is adapted to slide along this groove.

[0005]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional small-sized grinder, all are manually operated. In other words, if you want to measure during machining, stop the spindle and measure with a micrometer, etc., and if you still need to grind it by rotating the spindle again, etc. It was an impossible machine.

Further, when forming a grindstone because the grindstone is clogged, that is, when performing so-called dressing, a dressing shaft must be separately attached, and the grindstone must be formed by carrying the grindstone shaft to the position where the dressing shaft is mounted. After all, it was a machine that was difficult to automate.

Further, since the measuring method and the dressing method including the sliding portion of the machine are all manually operated, the processing accuracy cannot be obtained, and submicron as required in recent years is required for small parts. It is difficult to maintain processing accuracy,
There were various problems.

The present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-mentioned problems, and the first object thereof is to make it possible to fully automate grinding including measurement and dressing with a small grinding machine. Is to provide a grinding machine.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a work spindle structure capable of maintaining machining accuracy.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned first object, the grinding machine of the present invention has an X-axis stage along the X-axis direction on a surface plate, and an X-axis stage for the X-axis stage. A Z-axis stage along the Z-axis direction, which is a right angle direction, is provided, an X-axis moving table having a main spindle capable of holding and rotating a workpiece is provided on the X-axis stage, and a whetstone spindle having a grindstone held on the Z-axis stage is rotatable. In order to further measure the grinding condition of the work piece in the grinder equipped with each Z-axis moving table, X
It is characterized in that a measuring shaft movable in the axial direction or the Z-axis direction is provided. A dresser shaft movable in the X-axis direction or the Z-axis direction may be provided for dressing the grindstone held by the grindstone shaft, and the measuring shaft and the dresser shaft are arranged on the same table. A measuring dress stage may be provided, and it also has a control means for storing and controlling the position of the dresser shaft, and the control means stores the coordinates at which the dresser shaft dressed last time, so that the next dressing The dressing work may be performed based on the coordinates.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned second object, in the work spindle structure of the present invention, the spindle held by the headstock integrally incorporates the DD motor and the encoder as well as the draw bar. Characterize.

[0012]

In the invention according to claim 1, the measuring axis is
It is controlled by the control means to move in the Z-axis direction, and X
It controls the measuring head that moves in the axial direction and measures the diameter and the like that change due to the grinding of the workpiece.

Further, according to the invention of claim 2,
The dresser shaft is controlled by the control means to move the dresser mechanism in the Z-axis direction and also in the X-axis direction to bring the dresser into contact with the grindstone to perform dressing work.

Further, in the invention according to claim 3,
The measurement head is controlled by the measurement axis and the dresser mechanism is controlled by the dresser axis by moving the measurement dress stage in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction.

Further, in the invention according to claim 4,
The control means stores the coordinates of the dresser shaft when dressing last time and performs the dressing work based on the previous coordinates at the time of the next dressing work, thereby contributing to the automation of grinding.

Further, in the invention according to claim 5,
The spindle is rotatably driven by the DD motor, and the collet chuck is tightened through the draw bar.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 is a plan view of a grinding machine according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the grinding machine, FIG. 3 is a right side view of the grinding machine, FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of a sliding portion, and FIG. 5 is a spindle mechanism. FIG.

A cylindrical grinding machine as a grinding machine according to the present invention comprises a surface plate 1, on which an X-axis stage 2 along the X-axis direction (front-back direction) and a Z-axis direction ( A Z-axis stage 3 along the (horizontal direction) and a measurement / dress stage 41 are provided.

An X-axis moving table 4 is installed on the X-axis stage 2 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction, and a Z-axis moving table 5 is installed on the Z-axis stage 3 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction. There is. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, on the upper surface of the X-axis stage 2, there are formed two inverted V-shaped slide rails 6 along the X-axis direction. On the lower surface portion, two inverted V-shaped slide groove portions 7 along the X-axis direction are formed, and the X-axis stage 2 includes the slide groove portions 7 along the slide rail portion 6.
It is installed on the X-axis stage 2 in sliding contact with. The ball nut 7a is attached to the lower surface of the X-axis moving table 4.
Is fixed, and a ball screw 8 rotatably provided on the X-axis stage 2 is screwed into the ball nut 7a. The ball screw 8 is rotationally driven by a servo motor 9.

Further, the Z-axis moving table 5 is provided with the X-axis.
Similar to the axis moving table 4, the slide groove portion 7 is slidably contacted with the slide rail portion 6 and installed on the Z-axis stage 3, and the ball nut 7 is provided on the lower surface of the Z-axis moving table 5.
a is fixed, and a ball screw 8 rotatably provided on the Z-axis stage 3 is attached to the ball nut 7a.
Are screwed together. The ball screw 8 is rotationally driven by a servo motor 10.

A spindle mechanism 1 is mounted on the X-axis moving table 4.
1 is provided. As shown in FIG. 5, the spindle mechanism 11 includes a spindle stock 12 fixed on the X-axis moving table 4, and the spindle stock 12 can rotate a spindle 13 that is a spindle along the Z-axis direction. The spindle 13 is rotatably driven by a built-in servomotor (DD motor) 14 which is a driving means included in the spindle stock 12. A collet chuck 16 is attached to the tip of the main shaft 13, and the collet chuck 16
Is designed to be tightened through the drawbar 18 by operating the handle 17. Further, the headstock 12 is provided with an encoder 19 for detecting the rotation speed of the main spindle 13.

Returning to FIG. 1, a grindstone mechanism 20 is provided on the Z-axis moving table 5. The grindstone mechanism 20 includes a grindstone base 21, and the grindstone mount 21 is rotatably provided around the turning center of the Z-axis moving table 5. The grindstone mount 21 allows a grindstone shaft 22 to rotate. In addition, the grindstone base 21 is provided with a motor 23 which is a driving means for rotationally driving the grindstone shaft 22. A grindstone 24 is attached to the tip side of the grindstone shaft 22 via a wheel. In addition, 25 is a turning rail of the grindstone 21,
26 is a turning angle scale.

The measuring / dressing stage 41 is provided with a Z1 axis moving table 42 which is movable in the Z1 axis direction, and the measuring / dressing stage 41 moves the Z1 axis moving table 42 in the Z1 axis direction. A feed screw mechanism (not shown) for driving and a servo motor 43 as a drive source are provided.

An X1 axis moving table 44 is provided on the Z1 axis moving table 42 so as to be movable in the X1 axis direction.
Further, the Z1 axis moving table 42 is provided with a feed screw mechanism (not shown) for moving the X1 axis moving table 44 in the X1 axis direction and a servo motor 45 as a drive source. The X1 axis moving table 44 is provided with a dresser mechanism 46 and a measuring shaft (not shown), and a measuring head 47 which is a measuring means having a laser measuring device 47a is mounted on the measuring shaft. .

The dresser mechanism 46 includes a bearing base 48a fixed to the X1 axis moving table 44 (see FIG. 3 below).
In the figure, a dresser rotating shaft 48 that is rotatably supported is provided. A dresser 49 is fixed to one end of the dresser rotating shaft 48, and the other end of the dresser rotating shaft 48 is attached to the dresser rotating shaft 48. A pulley 50 is fixed, and a belt 53 is wound around the pulley 50 and the pulley 52 at the output shaft end of the dresser drive motor 51 fixed to the X1 axis moving table 44. An operation panel 54 is mounted on the surface plate 1, and the operation panel 54 includes a liquid crystal screen 55 and a key input operation switch 56 (FIG. 2).

The axes of the main shaft 13, the grindstone shaft 22, the dresser rotating shaft 48 and the measuring shaft (laser measuring device 47a) are arranged on the same plane.

The composite grindstone will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the composite grindstone, and the grindstone 24 is the wheel 24.
The grindstones 24b are attached to both sides of a, one grindstone 24b is for rough finishing, and the other grindstone 24c is a finishing grindstone.

Next, the rest mechanism will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the rest mechanism, and FIGS.
7 is an arrow view of FIG. 7, and FIGS. 10 and 11 are operation explanatory views of the rest mechanism. Figure 1 shows the arrangement of the rest mechanism in the surface plate.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2, the workpiece 67 is disposed in the vicinity of the workpiece 67 so as to face the grindstone mechanism 20. The rest mechanism 27 includes a screw shaft support 28 fixed on the surface plate 1 as shown in FIGS. 7 to 11, and the screw shaft support 28 has a guide rail member along the Z-axis direction. 29 is provided.
A holder 30 is provided on the guide rail member 29 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, and a feed screw hole portion 31 is formed in the holder 30. In addition, the screw shaft support 28
A screw shaft 32 is rotatably provided on the screw shaft 3
2 is screwed into the feed screw hole portion 31.

One end portion of an L-shaped rest mounting member 33 is fixed to the holder 30 in a plan view, and the other end portion of the rest mounting member 33 is provided with a support member 34 via a screw shaft support member. 35 is fixed. This screw shaft support 35
A holder 36 is provided movably in the X-axis direction, and a feed screw hole 37 is formed in the holder 36.
Further, a screw shaft 38 is rotatably provided on the screw shaft support 35, and the screw shaft 38 is provided with the feed screw hole portion 37.
It is screwed to.

At the tip of the holder 36,
One end of the leaf spring 39 is fixed in a U shape in a side view, and a contact member 40 is fixed to the free end of the leaf spring 39. The abutting member 40 faces the grindstone 24 attached via the grindstone shaft 22, and a work 67 fixed to the chuck 16 is interposed between the abutting member 40 and the grindstone 24. It prevents blurring. Also,
The leaf spring 39 is formed in a U shape in a side view because the leaf spring 39 holds the vibration absorber 39a. The screw shaft 32 and the screw shaft 38 are rotated by rotating the handles 32a and 38a.

FIG. 12 shows a control device which is a control means of the grinding machine. The control device 57 includes a computer (personal computer) 58. The input side of the computer 58 is the liquid crystal screen 55 and the key input operation switch 56, and the laser connected to the output side of the measuring head 47. The output sides of the measuring instrument amplifier 59, the encoder 19 and the like are connected. A controller 60 is connected to the output side of the computer 58, and an X-axis driver 61 that drives the servo motor 9 and a Z-axis driver that drives the servo motor 10 are connected to the output side of the controller 60. 62 and the servomotor 14
C-axis driver 63 for driving the
3, an X1 axis driver 64 for driving the servo motor 45 and a Z1 axis driver 65 for driving the servomotor 45 are connected, and an A axis inverter 66 for controlling the motor 23 is provided on the output side of the computer 58. It is connected to the dresser shaft motor 51.

Next, the operation of the grinding machine configured as described above will be described. Collet chuck 1 at the tip of the main shaft 13
A work 67, which is a pin material as an object to be ground, is attached to 6, and the screw shaft 32 of the rest mechanism 27 is rotated to move the holder 30 in the Z-axis direction, and the screw shaft 38 is rotated. The holder 36 in the X-axis direction to move the contact member 40 to a predetermined position.

In the controller 57, the key input operation switch 56 is operated to display an operation command on the liquid crystal screen 55, and the controller 58 is operated by giving the operation command to the computer 58.

A drive command is issued by the controller 60 to the X-axis driver 61 to drive the servo motor 9 to rotate the ball screw 8 and X-axis by screw feeding.
The axis moving table 4 moves in the X-axis direction and moves the spindle 13 to a predetermined position. This movement causes the work 67 to contact the contact member 40 of the rest mechanism 27.

Further, the controller 60 issues a drive command to the Z-axis driver 62 to drive the servomotor 10 to rotate the ball screw 8, and the Z-axis moving table 5 moves in the Z-axis direction by screw feeding. , The grindstone 24 moves to a predetermined position, and faces the abutting member 40 with the work 67 interposed therebetween as shown in FIGS.

Next, the controller 60 issues a drive command to the C-axis driver 63 to drive the servomotor 14 to rotate the main shaft 13. Further, a drive command is issued from the computer 58 to the A-axis inverter 66, the motor 23 is driven, the grindstone shaft 22 rotates, the grindstone 24 rotates, and the grinding of the work 67 is started.

In the grindstone 24, the servo motor 10 is driven by a command from the Z-axis driver 62 to drive the Z-axis.
It is sent in the Z-axis direction by moving the axis moving table 5. In synchronization with this, the screw shaft 32 of the rest mechanism 27
Is rotated to move the holder 30 in the Z-axis direction,
The contact member 40 is moved synchronously.

The controller 60 issues a drive command to the Z1 axis driver 65 to drive the servomotor 45 so that the laser measuring device 47a of the measuring head 47 slightly moves in the Z1 axis direction via the measuring axis. The controller 60 issues a drive command to the X1 axis driver 64 to drive the servo motor 43, and the measuring head 47 is driven.
The laser measuring device 47a of (1) finely moves in the X1 axis direction to measure the diameter or the like of the workpiece 67 which changes due to grinding, and inputs the measured data to the computer 58 to control the controller 60.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing an example of a work which can be processed by the present grinding machine. 13 (1) and 13
As shown in (2), the rotation of the main shaft 13 and the main shaft 1
By synchronously moving 3 in the X-axis direction (X-axis moving distance is shown as LX), the pin member 68 having an elliptical cross-section can be machined from the work 67 having a circular cross-section. In FIG. 13, a is the final shape of the work, and b is the XC synchronous interpolation locus.

Here, as shown in FIG. 13 (3), the pin member 68, which is the workpiece in the final shape B of the workpiece, has a convex portion 70 having an X-axis backlash shape error in point position symmetry.
Will be formed. In this case, the main shaft 13 is rotated in the reverse direction to remove the convex portion 70.

When the grindstone 24 is cleaned by the dresser mechanism 46, the controller 60 issues a drive command to the Z1 axis driver 65 to drive the servomotor 45 to move the dresser mechanism 46 in the Z1 axis direction. The dresser is moved by the controller 60 to drive the X1 axis driver 64 to drive the servo motor 43 to move the dresser mechanism 46 in the X1 axis direction, and the dresser axis motor 51 drives the dresser to rotate. 49 is brought into contact with the grindstone 24.

[0042]

As described above, according to the present invention, not only grinding can be automated, but also the rotation of the main shaft and the synchronous movement of the main shaft in the X-axis direction cause a cross-section. It is possible to process a pin member having an oval shape. Then, the measuring means can automatically measure the diameter and the like that change due to the grinding of the work,
By inputting the measured data to the control means, more accurate grinding can be automated.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a grinding machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the grinder.

FIG. 3 is a right side view of the grinder.

FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of a sliding portion of the grinding machine.

FIG. 5 is a front view with a part of the spindle mechanism of the grinding machine omitted.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a grindstone of the grinding machine.

FIG. 7 is a partially cutaway plan view of a rest mechanism of the grinding machine.

FIG. 8 is a view from the direction P in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a view from the direction of Q in FIG.

FIG. 10 is an operation explanatory view of the operating state of the rest mechanism as viewed from above.

FIG. 11 is an operation explanatory view of the operating state of the rest mechanism as viewed from the side.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a control device.

13 (1) and (2) are explanatory views of work for grinding a pin member having an oval cross section from a work having a circular cross section. (3) is an explanatory diagram of an X-axis backlash shape error.

FIG. 14 is a top view of a conventional cylindrical grinding machine.

FIG. 15 is a front view of FIG.

FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view of a sliding portion of the grinding machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 surface plate 2 X-axis stage 3 Z-axis stage 4 X-axis moving table 5 Z-axis moving table 11 spindle mechanism 13 spindle (spindle) 20 grindstone mechanism 22 grindstone axis 24 grindstone 48 dresser rotary axis (dresser axis) 47 measuring head (measurement) Means) 57 control device (control means) 67 work

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Mikio Uno 6-12 Hommachi Honmachi, Tanashi City, Tokyo Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Tanashi Factory (72) Minor Iizuka 6-12 Hommachi, Tanashi City, Tokyo Issue Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Tanashi Factory

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. An X-axis stage along the X-axis direction and a Z-axis stage along the Z-axis direction, which is a direction perpendicular to the X-axis stage, are provided on a surface plate, and a workpiece is held on the X-axis stage. The X-axis moving table with the rotatable main axis is
Z with a grindstone shaft that holds the grindstone on the shaft stage and can rotate
A grinder equipped with an axis-moving table, further comprising a measuring axis movable in the X-axis direction or the Z-axis direction in order to further measure the grinding state of a workpiece. 2. The grinding machine according to claim 1, further comprising a dresser shaft movable in the X-axis direction or the Z-axis direction for dressing the grindstone held by the grindstone shaft. 3. The grinding machine according to claim 2, further comprising a measuring dress stage in which the measuring shaft and the dresser shaft are arranged on the same table. 4. A dressing operation is provided on the basis of the previous coordinates when the next dressing operation is performed, and the control means has a control means for storing and controlling the position of the dresser axis. The method according to claim 2, wherein
Grinding machine described. 5. The spindle held on the headstock is a DD.
The work spindle structure is characterized in that the drawbar is integrated together with the motor and encoder.