JPH06508185A - Manufacture of paper and paper products - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Manufacture of paper and paper products field of invention The present disclosure provides information on yield, drainage, production and other issues in producing paper from valve slurry. Concerning how to increase quality.

Background of the invention Manufacturing improvements that optimize yield, drainage, production, and drying are constantly being sought.

The introduction of closed loops has added complexity to these paper manufacturing systems. all operating factors At the same time, we hope to optimize the performance of the paper produced by using chemical additives. Things became difficult.

Currently, many paper manufacturers reduce the yield of fillers and pulp fines to high-molecular-weight, water-soluble Attempts to optimize by adding polymers, e.g. polyacrylamide derivatives ing. Polyacrylamide derivatives can be used as cations or anions in nature. may be used. In general, the higher the molecular weight material used, the higher the yield. I know it's going to be expensive. On the other hand, when the molecular weight of polyacrylamide increases , sheet generation is reduced. The same applies when increasing the amount of polyacrylamide used. In other words, the yield increases, but sheet production becomes difficult.

Br1tt (Tappi (1980) 63.5, 105-108) is a polymer Fiber agglomerates formed as a result of addition are a serious problem and may be undesirable. It was recognized that excessive agglomeration occurs when Brltt, however, also Whether the type or amount of polymer obtained causes excessive agglomeration - states that it depends on the extent of turbulence during and after addition. Pum5er (Papier (1973) 27.10417-422) is a polyacrylic Mido causes excessive agglomeration of fine particles, thus reducing the optical properties of the paper. This has been shown before.

The energy (e.g. turbulence or shear) and Understanding the interrelationships between It was. Lunar and Kei taaniew+t (TappiPape r Maker Conference+ (1984) 95-106) For the polyacrylamide tested, the first permeation yield increased and reached a maximum. , then states that it decreases with increasing energy application. .

5 Tratton (Tappi (1983) March 141-144) came to a similar conclusion. and the polymer must be evenly distributed before absorption, so there is no compromise. However, once absorbed, it is important to avoid extreme turbulence. ing. 5 The compromise proposed by Tratton is that high shear elements (e.g. The solution was to introduce the polymer at the outlet of the fan pump or pressure screen).

Here, the turbulence for polymer dispersion is still sufficient, but not enough to reduce the yield. It's not extreme.

A series of papers is characterized by various factors in the paper manufacturing process and their influence on the yield system. gives instructions on the shear action issues associated with. van deVen and Maso n(Tal) Gli (1981) 64, 9, 171-175), the controlling power is It was concluded that this was not a colloidal force, but a hydrodynamic force.

Tam Doo et al. (J, Pu1p and paper 5 science (19 83) July, J80-J83) in the fiber wall with various components of the paper manufacturing system. The shear rate and maximum shear stress of the fluid in the experimental setup (i.e., Dynami c Drainage Jar) was compared with the value obtained from a standard piece. This comparison Polymer for simulation of both polymer type and addition point Enables a more realistic evaluation of yield systems.

The relationship between shear and yield is further described by Hubbe (Tappi (1986) 8 116-117), Br1tt, 5tratton and Although somewhat different from the teachings of Mason, polyacrylonitrile can be concluded that it should be added upstream of the fan pump to ensure

Waech (Tappi Engineering Conference ( 1982); Tappi (1983), March 137-139) is similar to Hubbe. compared to adding the polymer downstream of the fan pump. Addition to the stream gave similar yields and was shown to improve production. these The experiment involved adding all the fillers after the polymer, which is somewhat unrealistic for actual paper production. It was carried out using a system that is a model.

Booth (U.S. Patent No. 2,368,635) uses bentonite as a yield aid. He was the first to use bentonite as a coagulant and a contaminant for finely divided particles. It was proposed that it acts both as an absorbent for dyeing substances.

Pye (U.S. Patent No. 3,052,595) is a white lab-scale paper manufacturing equipment Bentonite and anionic or neutral to achieve lower turbulence in water A combination of polyacrylamide was used. The preferred method of addition is polyacrylic Bentonite is added before Ruamide.

The use of bentonite was described by Pusmer (German Patent No. 2262906). Polyethyleneimine, polyamide-polyamine or polymers have also been investigated. Aluminum sulfate and bentonite are added to the feedstock prior to addition of the ether amine. They claim that adding it will improve the performance of the polymer.

Auhorn (Wochenblatt Fur Papierfabrika (1979) 13.498-502) reduces the amount of oxidizing substances in paper. It also improves the effectiveness of polyethyleneimine that is subsequently added to the paper manufacturing raw material. Bentonite was used as an additive before the addition of polyethyleneimine.

Auhorn is a later work (Wet end Paper Technology y Symposium (1981) March Mun 1ch), to my previous job. In addition, both polyethyleneimine and polyacrylamide were included. these The improvement was not fully realized in trials on paper-making machines, but the conclusion was drawn on a laboratory scale. was similar to previous work.

Langley and Litchfield (U.S. Pat. No. 4,305,781) ) substantially filled with bentonite and widely nonionic high molecular weight polymers We proposed a system that utilizes cellulose suspensions that do not contain . Be It is suggested that tonite be added to the thick feedstock, hydropulper or recirculated white water. I'm making plans. This polymer is ideally added after the final point of high shear action and Typically added after the sentry screen and before the headbox.

Bentonite-polymer systems are considered “multicomponent or particulate retention systems.” It was not, and is not, the only known example.

In 1975, Ar1edter (Papier 29+ 10a, 32-43 ) is a combination of polyethylene oxide and melamine formaldehyde resin was used to improve yield. Machine chest or polyethylene oxide Addition to either the headbox or the headbox gave significant yields.

Svending (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,385.961 and 4,388.150 (No. 1) can, to some extent, reduce both yield and drainage without a concomitant reduction in production. Describes an increasing yield system. This system uses cationic potato lees. Contains powdered and colloidal silicic acid. For best results, the addition of silica Other than the fact that starch should be added to or mixed with the ingredients beforehand, there are various There is little description of these addition points in terms of shear action, The system was sold under the name Go+aps i1 by Proco+wp, EKA and duPont.

This is Maritta's joint venture. However, this system has limited availability. This is because acidic paper manufacturing systems are not very effective. It is the body. Also, the prices of both starch and silica are quite high, and this It is an expensive system as it requires significant amounts of both.

Anderson coated the surface of silica with aluminum ion in 1086105826 It has been modified with describes the production of colloidal silica particles that maintain the This Al Using a modified silicic acid solution in combination with cationic polyacrylamide Examples of many improvements in zero yield and drainage are given using standard laboratory tests. There is. In all examples given, the polymer was added before the aluminum-modified silica solution. has been added to.

The two publications refer to polyacrylamides, polyethyleneimines, polyamines, poly Cationic polymers containing amidoamine or melamine formaldehyde and Colloidal silicic acid, bentonite, carboxymethylcellulose or anionic For paper sizing using anionic polymer binders containing polyacrylamide (Finland Patent Nos. 67735 and 67736) Ta. These papers focus only on the effect on sizing, but fillers and It is confirmed that the yield of small particles is also improved.

Finnish patents 67735 and 67736 describe the use of similar chemical additives. However, in No. 67735, the sizing agent is added to the already formed paper. No. 67736, a suspension of water prior to formation of a sheet of paper Applies to. The definition of mixture yield and methods of application vary among these patents. It doesn't hurt. The cationic compound claimed in Patent No. 67735 is 0.2 to 401 bg, /lon, and anionic compounds can exist between 0.2 and 121bs, /lon. Can exist between lon.

sorz (U.S. Pat. No. 4,749,444) is U.S. Pat. Langley in No. 81 and European Patent No. 0017353, and Pye (U.S. Pat. No. 3,052,595) both have the same drawbacks, That is, it is proposed to suffer from excessive agglomeration of the sheets. 1orz is the concentration Method of adding bentonite to raw materials with high consistency (consistency 2.5-5.0χ) is described, followed by stirring and -0.3 to 2χ), then add a cationic polymer electrolyte to completely dilute After mixing with high molecular weight (average molecular weight of 1 million to 20 million) anionic or or add cationically charged polymers. This method improves drainage, but , there is no mention of generation. The example given is a feedstock suspension without filler. It is.

This work of Lorz was based on the coagulation-coagulation theory (Coagul ation-flocculation theory). cation required Paper stock (furnis) determined by quantity, ζ potential, mobility or colloid titration The residual charge in h) should be close to zero in order to optimize the coagulation process.

Effective coagulation results in fine, highly shear-sensitive aggregates; Agglomerates can be agglomerated by the use of high molecular weight polymers. This agglomeration is often This is accomplished by the use of cationic polymer electrolytes as described by Lorz.

This provides an acceptable agglomeration factor and maintains adequate yield and drainage while maintaining high Minimize the use of molecular weight polymers.

Langley (Tappi (1986) Paper makers Co nference) utilizes a combination of bentonite and polyacrylamide. Draw another system using excess high molecular weight linear synthetic catalyst before shearing the suspension. The onic polymer is added to an aqueous cellulose suspension and bentonite is added after shearing. Then drain the purified suspension. This system consists of (1) conventional Use 5 times the amount of high molecular weight polymer compared to the amount of polymer retention aid used Therefore, (2) bentonite is further consumed, so it is expensive.

European Application No. 0373306 discloses low molecular weight, water-soluble, high charge density organic polymers. , for example, water-dispersible colloids tightly associated with polyacrylic acids or polyamines Discloses a retention aid composition comprising a siliceous material in which the ionic bonds of the siliceous material are The degree is substantially altered by the charge on the polymer. This composition is composed of siliceous materials and and an organic polymer in an aqueous phase system. This composition is said to be suitable for use as a retention/drainage agent in paper manufacturing and is preferably is added after the addition of a conventional high molecular weight flocculant.

Summary of the invention To provide improved yields in paper manufacturing, the present invention utilizes synthetic (i.e. synthetic) Utilizing colloidal metal silicate materials that are largely amorphous (not naturally occurring) . Synthetic routes can control product properties to maximize product efficacy.

These amorphous metal silicate materials are available in pure form without any foreign matter or contaminant materials. It can be manufactured as a free-flowing white powder. these materials When completely dispersed in water, it forms extremely small particles, and once dispersed, Forms a clear colloidal dispersion of ionic particles. This anionic charge The size is pH independent, roughly between pH 4 and 8.

These unique properties make them superior compared to other products. Preferred for similar applications Colloidal silicic acid can only be made into a dispersion of up to 15χ. it never gets dry It has an anionic charge that depends on pH. bentona in dried form It is brown to light brown in color and forms an opaque, light brown suspension. bentonai When paper is used, this color reduces the freshness of the paper produced.

Improved paper and paper product production is achieved by using cationic polymers and non-containing polymers according to the present invention. Achieved by adding crystalline metal silicate separately and mixing thoroughly during addition. be done. The polymer is added before the last high shear element, and the resulting mixture is then This mixture undergoes any further processing before feeding into the headbox of paper making equipment. It is preferable to add the ingredients so that they are not subjected to substantial shearing action, but The order of addition is not important.

This combination of components has several advantages, including polymer and amorphous metal silicates. Provides improved yield, drainage and production while reducing salt requirements, binder composition Including reducing the total cost of the product.

detailed description In crystalline metal silicates, metal ions and silicate ions of uniform size and shape The ons are regularly arranged in a solid grid. However, most of the soluble silicic acids Most solutions do not contain uniformly sized silicate ions, but instead contain polysilicate ions. Thus, when polysilicate ions combine with metal ions, the resulting The resulting insoluble precipitate is almost always amorphous. On the other hand, naturally occurring Silicates are almost always crystalline and, due to the conditions in which they form, are highly It has a clear structure.

A small amount of the predominant metal cation is present so that the amorphous metal silicate has cation exchange capacity. ions must be replaced by lower valence cations. For example, this This means replacing the dominant AL″1 with Mg4t and replacing the dominant Mg!- with Li This can be conveniently achieved by replacing . This lack of charge is due to the amorphous structure. Balanced by external but associated cations, increasing cation exchange capacity. It is said to be an exchangeable ion.

When synthesizing these amorphous metal silicates, the properties of these materials can be further controlled. It is possible to control the cation exchange capacity of the resulting product. child These amorphous materials are usually produced by reacting appropriate metal ions with sodium silicate. It is synthesized by adding an alkali solution to raise the pH. the resulting precipitate Easily filter, wash, and dry things. The selection of metal silicates is not limited Contains aluminum, magnesium and lithium. LiF or H Introducing fluoride ions into the system by adding F to the reaction mixture You can also do it. These reactions can be easily carried out in the temperature range of 95°C to 180°C. temperatures up to 300°C can be used. Lower temperature i.e. 95°C ~110°C can be carried out at normal pressure using a non-pressurized system; systems are cheaper to install and operate.

These amorphous metal silicates are commercially available, such as “Laponite”. (available from Laporte Industries Ltd) and 'D AC3” (available from DeltaChe+wicals).

Typically, these amorphous metal silicates are white free-flowing powders. deer However, they are also provided as aqueous suspensions, usually at concentrations between 1 and 20% by weight. degree. These concentrated solutions are added to the paper furnish. Before, the working concentration is about 0.1-0 by adding water and then stirring moderately. ．． Must be diluted to 15% by weight. This material is well dispersed in water , the resulting dispersion preferably has a cation exchange capacity of greater than 40 IIeg/g. and should have a surface area greater than 7g.

Cationic polymers useful in the present invention typically have a specific It has a molecular weight characterized by a viscosity of 0.01 to 5 as determined by polyelectrolyte titration. Nitrogen cation equivalents/kilogram Charge density of c nitrogen per kg) (0,1χ~50 mol 2 substitution) It is a polymer with a certain degree of strength. Such polymers are the fourth Mannich polyacrylic In addition to rylamide, tertiary amine Mannich polyacrylamide, diethylamino Quaternary and non-quaternary copolymers of (or methyl)acrylate and acrylamide polymer, polyethyleneimine, dimethylamine epichlorohydrin polymer, polyethyleneimine, Homopolymers and amidoamines and diallyldimethylammonium chloride and copolymers (with acrylamide). Intrinsic viscosity ranges from 6 to 18 dl/g with a charge density of 0.5 to 3.5 nitrogen cation equivalents/kilogram polymer. Derivatives of the tertiary and quaternary amines of certain linear polyacrylamides are preferred in implementation.

The polymer and amorphous metal silicate material typically have a weight ratio of 0.03 to 30:1. They are used in a quantitative ratio, preferably 0.5 to 4:1. Typically amorphous metal silicate The concentration of amorphous metal silicate in the paper raw material is 0.2 to 61 bs/ on a dry sheet basis. lon, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 41 bs/lon. Added. The polymer typically has a dry sheet weight of 0.5 to 4] bs/lon. range, preferably in the range of 0.6 to 2.51 bs/lon. It will be done.

The method of the invention can also be used as a drainage aid in the absence of fillers in paper manufacturing. good. These methods often use fillers (and carmines), e.g. kaolin, carbonate. Calcium, talc, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, bentonite or calcium sulfate Can be used in combination with sium. At this time, a binder for drainage aids and fillers is added. Works as a compound.

The method of the present invention often uses sizing agents, colorants, brighteners and other commercial paper making agents. may be used in combination with other furnishes components. Yiyorisuke The agent continues to perform its intended purpose in the presence of the additive.

Charge-resistant starch (e.g. 1-30 bs/lon, preferably 2-101 bs/lon stock) (furnish)) may be present as a wet or dry strengthening agent. That is, lees The weight ratio of powder to amorphous metal silicate is between 0.25 and 150:1, preferably Amounts from 0.5 to 8:1 may be used. Such starch is conveniently 0. Cationic with degree of substitution greater than 0.03 (0-15 nitrogen equivalent 8 g starch) starch. However, amphoteric starches may be used in other ways. especially useful Starch is potato starch, waxy corn starch, corn starch, These are wheat starch and rice starch. Starch is usually used in paper fur. ish) to the system early to give it time to react with the various components of the and are typically added to machine chests. In this system, starch If used, add starch before addition of polymer and amorphous metal silicate. and need to be mixed. The addition of amorphous metal silicates and polymers It doesn't matter what order or what, as long as the other ingredients in the urnish are added and mixed well. It may be in this position.

Starch-polymer-amorphous metal silicate complexes, however, are susceptible to excessive shearing once they form a crust. You shouldn't receive power. An easy way to accomplish this is to use the starch machine chess Add polymer before the last high-shear section to maximize the amorphous metal silicate. It should be added after the later high shear action section. This means that when the starch is fully reacted After a period of time, the polymer is thoroughly mixed, resulting in starch-polymer-amorphous metal silicic acid. Salt complexes are subjected to minimal shearing.

The method of the invention applies chemically, thermomechanically and mechanically treated hard and soft Contains furnish based on pulp made from both wooden materials. It can be used in a variety of papermaking furnishes, including:

The invention is further described in the following examples, which illustrate various applications, but which are not limited to the appended claims. It is not intended to limit the invention described in the scope.

Example 1 Add acidic paper furniture containing crushed wood to the headboard. The consistency of the rice cake is 0.46X, the pH is 4.51, and the conductivity is 610 u. mho, cm - Operating a paper mill with an aluminum concentration of 160 PPM. Obtained.

Commercial cationic polyacrylamide retention agent with medium molecular weight and low charge density. (216A) and Pentford Products of medium charge density ( Commercially available cationic potato starch from Astro X-101) was used in this test.

Polymer makes up 0.05χ and starch makes up 1.0χ as recommended by the manufacturer. Manufactured by technology. Delta Chemicals, 5eaport, Dac 3, an amorphous metal silicate commercially available from Maine, was added to a 0.15χ aqueous colloid. It was used as a suspension in these three tests.

The mixture of starch, polymer and colloid with the furnish is It was carried out in a Dynamic Drainage Jar. Br1tt starch It was added to the Jar at a stirring speed of 11000 rpm and held at this speed for 30 seconds. next , the polymer was added at a speed of 1000 rpm. After addition of polymer, this rate was held for 10 seconds and later increased to 200 rpm for 10 seconds. Here, set the speed to 11 00Orp and added colloid. Hold this speed for another 10 seconds and then After that, wastewater samples were collected, filtered, and dried. This step is similar to that of a fan pump. Add the polymer before the shear device and wet the paper machine before the final high shear point of application. This is a simulation of adding a colloid to the final point.

Drainage speeds are also as described above, with the prepared furnish being passed through the drain tube. The decision was made by transporting it to Bubu. Determine the time to drain the set volume and The drainage rate was calculated from this. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table■ PFXIOI 20 27.3 1.16PFXIOI 20 216A 1 45.7 1.74PFXIOI 20 216A I DAC3147,92 ,17PFXIOI 20 216A I DAC3252,12,43PFX IOI 20 216A I DAC3464,03,70 These data are DAC3 in the presence of starch and polymer compared to starch and polymer alone Demonstrates clear performance improvements in particle retention and drainage rate .

Example 2 Acidic paper furniture containing crushed wood is processed into paper mill. I got it by driving Le. Headbox furnish consistency - is 0.43χ, pH is 4.51, and conductivity is 670 μn+ho, cm-'. Ta.

A method similar to Example 1 was used. These methods do not require the presence of any additional starch. It was done without. The cationic polymer used was CD31HL (Allied Co11oids, Limlted, Bradford, England (possible). It is a polyamine with a moderate molecular weight and a moderate cationic charge. It is crylamide. This material is supplied as a 50x dispersion.

2D5 is also supplied by A11ied Co11oids and is a modified white pigment. Bentonite, supplied as a dry powder. Polymer has a concentration of 0.05χ 2D5 and DAC3 were manufactured at a concentration of 0.14χ for this experiment. It was. The ingredients were mixed as described in Example 1, but without the addition of starch, followed by < The 30 seconds of mixing at 1100 Orp was also omitted. The results are shown in Table II.

22.5 CD31HL O,527,8 CD31HL 1.0 30. l CD31HL 2.0 33. l CD31HL 2.0 2D5 0.5 42.5CD311(L 2.0 2 D5 1.0 48.4CD31HL 2.0 2D5 2.0 59.5CD 31HL 2.0 2D5 4.0? 2.5CD311 (L 2.0 [IA C30,548,7CD31HL 2. ODAC31,060,9CD31HL 2. ODAC32,067,9CD31)IL 2. ODAC34,065, 9 Based on these results, DAC3 exhibits strong interactions in the presence of polymers.

In terms of performance, compared to the 2D5, the DAC3 gives better response, especially at low levels. D AC3 also shows a performance advantage in the absence of starch.

Example 3 Acidic paper furniture containing crushed wood is processed into paper mill. I got it by driving Le. Headbox furnish consistency - was 0.40χ, conductivity was 628 μsho, cr', and pH was 4.00. .

A method similar to Example 1 was used. The polyacrylamide used was Dealta C It was 4240A supplied by Chemicals. It has high molecular weight and high power. It is a polyacrylamide with a thionic charge and was used at a concentration of 0.051.

The starch used was 5t-Lok 400 (Staley Manufacturin). gCompany, Decatur, l1linois), and the cation It was a starch from sweet potatoes and had a high degree of substitution. This starch for these experiments It was used as a 1χ solution. Three different colloids were used, the third colloid being BM Sold by Propcosp, Marietta, Georgta as A It was a commercially available colloidal silicic acid solution. BMA is sold as a 15χ dispersion. However, like other colloids, it was used in experiments at a concentration of 0.14χ. Ingredients are examples Mixed as in 1. The results are shown in Table III.

table 5TA-LOK 400 20 40.5 2.38STA-LOK400 2 0 4240A O, 545, 22, 24 STA-LOK400 20 424 OA 1.0 50.3 2.42 STA-LO 400 20 4240A 2.0 50.4 2.68 STA-LO 400 20 4240＾ 4.0 53.4 2.54STA-LOK 400 20 4240A 2.0 Acid 0.5 55.1' 3.413TA-L (IK 400 20 4240 A 2.0 Silicic acid 1.0 56.8 2.94 STA-LOK 400 20 4240A 2.0 Silicic acid 2.0 56.1 3.33STA-LOK 4 00 20 4240A 2.0 Silicic acid 4.0 5? , 8 3.75ST^- LOK 400 20 4240^ 2. ODAC30,554,03,33S 400 20 4240A 2.0 11AC31,057,83 to TA-LO , 75STA-LO to 400 20 4240A 2. ODAC32,05B, 9 3.85STA-LOK400 20 4240A 2.0 0AC34, 069,94,41STA-LO 400 20 4240A 2.0 2D5 0.5 50.9STA-LOK400 20 4240A 2.0 2D5 1.0 51.7ST 8-LOK400 20 42404 2.0 21) 5 2.0 49.7 STA-LOK400 20 4240A 2.0 2D 5 4.0 50.1 These data show that DAC3 is compatible with both 2D5 and silicic acid. In comparison, showing superiority, 2D5 is the best in terms of microparticle yield and A small response was obtained, and as a result, no drainage tests were performed.

Example 4 Acidic paper furniture containing crushed wood is processed into paper mill. I got it by driving Le. Headbox furnish consistency - was 0.45χ, pH was 4.58, and electrical conductivity was 649 μmho, cm-'. . The polymer, colloid and starch used were those described in Example 3.

The ingredients were mixed as described in Example 1. The results (summarized in Table IV) are D AC3 is polyacrylamide alone or in combination with starch shows the strongest response in the presence of either

Table IV 27.9 STA-LOK 400 20 53.2 STA-LOK 400 20 42 4OA 1.0 60.4STA-LO 400 20 4240A 2.0 59.4STA-LOK 400 20 4240A 4.0 59.7STA -LOK400 20 42404 2. ODAC31,066,5STA-L OK400 20 4240A 2. ODAC32,073,2STA-LOK 400 20 4240＾ 2. ODAC33,080,05TA-LOK4 00 20 4240A 2.0 2D5 1.0 62.05TA-LOK4 00 20 424 OA 2.0 2D5 2.0 61.5 STA-LO to 4 00 20 4240A2.0 2D5 3.0 62.05TA-LOK 4 00 20 4240A 2.0 Silicic acid 1.0 64.0 STA-LOK 4 00 20 4240^ 2.0 Silicic acid 2.0 62.9 STA-LOK 4 00 20 4240A 2.0 Silicic acid 3.0 65.84240^ 2.0 49.7 424OA 2. ODAC31,058,04240A 2. ODAC32,0 62,1424OA2. ODAC33,062,0424OA 2.0 205 1.0 49.0424OA 2.0 2D5 2.0 58.7424OA 2.0 2D5 3.0 60.8424OA 2.0 Silicic acid 1.0 49 ．． 9424OA 2.0 Silicic acid 2.0 52.8424OA 2.0 Silicic acid 3.0 53.4 Example 5 Working with alkaline furnish where no crushed wood is present. Obtained from a mill. Consistency is 0.76χ, conductivity is 507μmho, c1 1-', pH was 7.88. This furniture was prepared in Example 1. Tested using the procedure described. polyacrylamide, starch and colloids It was as described in Example 3. Results are shown in Table V Required 5TA-LOK 400 20 35.6 STA-LOK 400 20 424OA 2.0 52.9 STA-LOK400 20 4240A 2. ODAC30,560,6ST A-LOK400 20 4240A 2. ODAC31,064,l5TA- LOK400 20 4240A 2. ODAC32,068,5STA-LO K400 20 424OA 2. ODAC33,074,3STA-LOK4 00 20 4240A 2.0 2D5 0.5 56. l5TA-LOK4 00 20 4240A 2.0 2D5 1.0 57.5STA-LOK4 00 20 424OA 2.0 2D5 2.0 59.8STA-LOK4 00 20 4240A 2.0 2D5 3.0 64.3 These results are DAC3 works well even with alkaline stock (furniSh) and has excellent resistance to 2D5. Demonstrates maintaining a performance advantage.

Example 6 Mechanical trials were performed using cationic polyacrylamide and DAC3 . Cationic polyacrylamide was a medium molecular weight, low charge density material. (Commercially available as Percol 292 from Allied Coloids). D AC3 is as described above. Add polyacrylamide upstream of the fan pump, A DAC3 was added downstream of the screen and just upstream of the headbox. before, The machine must use polyacrylamide as polyacrylamide alone addition There was no profit. The results are shown in Table VI.

Table Vl Before trial During trial Polymer (1/T) 0 2 0AC3 (1/T) 0 2 - Permeation yield (%) 63.9 71.3 Drainage rate (mis / 5ec) 0.42 1.69 shear 7471 Generation 11.2 11.2 The first permeation yield increases when using polyacrylamide in combination with DAC3. In addition, drainage was faster and the amount of steam used in the press was reduced. But long The properties of the final paper sheet were not substantially adversely affected.

Continuation of front page (51) Int, C1,5 identification symbol Internal office reference number 7199-3B I D 21 H3/28

Claims (15)

[Claims] 1. Introducing furnish into the headbox of paper manufacturing equipment 1. A method of producing paper from a stock comprising: cationic polymer and amorphous metal silicic acid before introducing into the headbox. A salt material is added to the furnish, and the furnish is a second of said cationic polymer or said amorphous metal silicate material; A method that is not subjected to any substantial shearing action after addition to the (furnish) . 2. 5. The cationic polymer has an intrinsic viscosity of about 5 to about 25 dl/g. The method described in 1. 3. The cationic polymer has about 0.01 to about 5 nitrogen equivalents/kilogram polymer. (equivalentsofnitrogenperkgpolymer) 2. The method of claim 1, having a charge density. 4. The cationic polymer is a tertiary or quaternary amino acid of the polyacrylamide derivative. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein 5. The cationic polymer and the amorphous metal silicate material are in a ratio of about 0.03:1. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the additives are added in a weight ratio of ˜30:1. 6. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein said weight ratio is from about 0.5:1 to about 4:1. 7. The amorphous metal silicate material is about 0.2 to about 61 bs/to on a dry sheet basis. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is present in an amount of n. 8. The amorphous metal silicate material is about 0.5 to about 41 bs/to on a dry sheet basis. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein there is an amount of n. 9. The filler in the furnish is about 50 to about 300 on a dry sheet basis. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is present in an amount of 1 bs/ton. 10. The filler is kaolin, calcium carbonate, talc, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the calcium sulfate is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate and calcium sulfate. 11. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein charged starch is present in the furnish. the method of. 12. the starch is a cationic starch having a degree of substitution greater than about 0.03; 12. The method of claim 11. 13. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein said charged starch is amphoteric. 14. Combination of amorphous metal silicate and cationic polymer as binder wherein the polymer has an intrinsic viscosity of about 5 to about 25 d1/g, as measured by intrinsic viscosity. paper or cardboard with a molecular weight of . 15. The polymer has about 0.01 to about 5 ion nitrogen equivalents per kilogram polymer. 15. Paper or cardboard according to claim 14, having a charge density of .