JP7530420B2 - がんの治療のためのezh2阻害併用療法 - Google Patents
がんの治療のためのezh2阻害併用療法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7530420B2 JP7530420B2 JP2022504541A JP2022504541A JP7530420B2 JP 7530420 B2 JP7530420 B2 JP 7530420B2 JP 2022504541 A JP2022504541 A JP 2022504541A JP 2022504541 A JP2022504541 A JP 2022504541A JP 7530420 B2 JP7530420 B2 JP 7530420B2
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Description
ここで、本発明は、以下の非限定的な実施例によって説明される。
3,4-ジヒドロキシ-2-メチル安息香酸メチル(5.11g、27.9mmol)のテトラヒドロフラン(199mL)溶液に、-20℃で塩化スルフリル(2.45mL、30.6mmol)を滴加した。反応混合物を-20℃で3時間撹拌し、次いで塩化アンモニウムの飽和水溶液(50mL)でクエンチした。所望の生成物を酢酸エチル(25mL×3)で抽出した。合わせた有機層をブライン(25mL)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウム上で乾燥させ、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮乾固させた。残渣をフラッシュクロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル、ヘプタン中0%~60%の勾配の酢酸エチル)によって精製して、表題化合物(4.117g、収率68%)をベージュ色の固体として得た。LCMS[M+H]+m/z:計算値217.0、実測値217.1(Cl同位体パターン)。
5-クロロ-3,4-ジヒドロキシ-2-メチル安息香酸メチル(1.2g、5.53mmol)、トリルテニウムドデカカルボニル(176mg、276μmol)、およびトリフェニルホスフィン(145mg、553μmol)の混合物を真空下で脱気し、窒素でパージした(3サイクル)。トルエン(8.1mL)を添加し、反応混合物を加熱して30分間環流させた。次いで、4-エチニルシクロヘキサン-1-オン(1.34g、11.0mmol)のトルエン(17mL)溶液を滴加し、反応物を還流状態で23時間撹拌した。最後に、反応混合物を室温に冷却し、減圧下で濃縮乾固させた。残渣をフラッシュクロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル、ヘプタン中0~60%の勾配の酢酸エチル)によって精製して、表題化合物(1.327g、収率70%)を黄色の油状物として得た。LCMS[M+Na]+m/z:計算値361.1、実測値361.1(Cl同位体パターン)。
7-クロロ-2,4-ジメチル-2-(4-オキソシクロヘキシル)ベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-カルボン酸メチル(4.4g、13mmol)のラセミ混合物を分取SFC[カラム:Daicel chemical industriesのChiralPak AY(内径250mm×50mm、10μm)によって分割した。移動相A:CO2/移動相B:メタノール中0.1%のNH4OH。無勾配(85%の移動相Aおよび15%の移動相B)。流速:80mL/分。カラム温度:40℃]。中間体1(ピーク1)(不要なエナンチオマー/ディストマー):保持時間=6.2分。回収=1.4g、4.05mmol、収率31%、90%ee、純度98%(黄色の固体)。1H NMR(400MHz,クロロホルム-d)δ7.48(s,1H),3.78(s,3H),2.44-2.36(m,2H),2.35-2.25(m,6H),2.19(tdd,J=2.8,5.6,13.1Hz,2H),1.70-1.57(m,5H)。中間体1(ピーク2)(所望のエナンチオマー/ユートマー):保持時間=7.0分。回収=1.1g、3.08mmol、収率23.75%、99%ee、純度95%(黄色の固体)。1H NMR(400MHz,クロロホルム-d)δ7.49(s,1H),3.78(s,3H),2.44-2.36(m,2H),2.36-2.25(m,6H),2.20(tdd,J=2.8,5.6,13.1Hz,2H),1.72-1.59(m,5H)。SFC分析方法:[カラム:ChiralPak AY-3(内径150×4.6mm、3μm)。移動相A:CO2/移動相B:iPrOH中0.05%のEt2NH。勾配:5%から40%の移動相B(5.5分より長い)。流速:2.5mL/分。カラム温度:40℃]。中間体1(ピーク1-不要なエナンチオマー/ディストマー):保持時間=2.853分。中間体1(ピーク2-所望のエナンチオマー/ユートマー):保持時間=2.979分。
3-メトキシアゼチジン塩酸塩(8g、64.75mmol)およびN,N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(12mL、68.9mmol)のメタノール(30mL)溶液を室温で30分間撹拌した後、7-クロロ-2,4-ジメチル-2-(4-オキソシクロヘキシル)-1,3-ベンゾジオキソール-5-カルボン酸メチル(中間体1-ピーク2)(4.1g、12.10mmol)の別のテトラヒドロフラン(30mL)の溶液の溶液を添加した。反応混合物を室温で1時間撹拌し、次いで-70℃に冷却した。水素化ホウ素リチウム(500mg、22.96mmol)を添加し、反応物を-70℃で30分間[または出発物質の完全な消費がTLC、酢酸エチル/メタノール5:1によって観察されるまで]撹拌した。次に、反応物の2つのバッチを合わせ、0℃の塩化アンモニウムの飽和水溶液(120mL)でクエンチし、所望の生成物をジクロロメタン(200mL×3)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を硫酸ナトリウム上で乾燥させ、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮乾固させた。残渣をフラッシュクロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル、ジクロロメタン中0%から14%の勾配のメタノール)によって精製して、表題化合物(8.05g、67%収率、83%純度)を淡黄色の油状物として得た。分取薄層クロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル、酢酸エチル:メタノール15:1)によって、試料(50mg)をさらに精製した。LCMS[M+H]+m/z:計算値410.2、実測値410.1。1H NMR(400MHz,メタノール-d4)δ7.39(s,1H),3.95-3.91(m,1H),3.73(s,3H),3.59-3.51(m,2H),3.16(s,3H),2.97(br dd,J=6.4,8.0Hz,2H),2.26(s,3H),2.11-2.02(m,1H),1.91-1.73(m,5H),1.54(s,3H),1.22-1.12(m,2H),0.98-0.86(m,2H)。
7-クロロ-2-(4-(3-メトキシアゼチジン-1-イル)シクロヘキシル)-2,4-ジメチルベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-カルボン酸メチル(4g、9.75mmol)のメタノール(48mL)溶液に、水酸化リチウム水和物(4.03g、96.06mmol)の水(12mL)溶液を添加した。反応物を70℃で2時間撹拌し、次いで2つのバッチを合わせ、減圧下で濃縮した。水(50mL)を添加し、0℃のクエン酸の飽和水溶液でpHを6に調整した。所望の生成物を、ジクロロメタンとイソプロパノールとの3:1混合物(300mL×5)で抽出した。合わせた有機層を硫酸ナトリウム上で乾燥させ、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮乾固させて、表題化合物(6.1g、粗生成物)をオフホワイト色の固体として得て、これをさらに精製することなく次のステップで使用した。LCMS[M+H]+m/z:計算値396.2、実測値396.1。1H NMR(400MHz,メタノール-d4)δ7.07(s,1H),4.05-4.10(m,2H),3.76-3.88(m,1H),3.67(br dd,J=10,3.6Hz,2H),3.22(s,3H),2.71-2.81(m,1H),2.19(s,3H),1.91-1.99(m,4H),1.75-1.85(m,1H),1.52(s,3H),1.18-1.28(m,2H),1.06-1.14(m,2H)。
化合物1
A.作用機序
生化学アッセイにおいて、化合物1は、野生型およびY641N変異体EZH2含有PRC2複合体、ならびにEZH1含有PRC2複合体の触媒活性を抑制し、野生型およびY641N変異体EZH2についての半数阻害濃度(IC50)値はそれぞれ0.02nMおよび0.03nM、EZH1については0.06nMである。例えば、PCT/US2019/027932を参照されたい。生化学的効力は、化合物1の真の親和性を過小評価したものであり、動態アッセイによる結合のさらなる特性決定は、EZH2についておよそ0.11pMの阻害定数、EZH2についてEZH1よりもおよそ70倍の選択性を裏付けている。動態解析に基づいて、化合物1は、長い滞留時間(約101日間)でPRC2に結合することが決定された。例えば、PCT/US2019/027932を参照されたい。
化合物1が、全体的なH3K27me3細胞内レベルを低下させる能力を、野生型EZH2含有子宮頸がん細胞株(HeLa)で評価した。4日間の治療後、化合物1は、H3K27me3の全体的なレベルを、0.40nMのEC50まで低下させることができた。例えば、PCT/US2019/027932を参照されたい。化合物1は、膀胱がん(639VおよびHT1197)、ならびに卵巣がんTOV21G細胞株を含む他の固形腫瘍細胞株においても同様な効力を示すことができ、3日目のEC50値は、それぞれ、0.09nM、0.14nM、および0.26nMであった。
A.化合物1とシスプラチン(DNAアルキル化剤)との相乗作用
シスプラチンの有無にかかわらず、化合物1の抗増殖活性に対する複数の固形腫瘍がん細胞株の感度を評価した。本願発明者らは、まず、卵巣がん細胞株A2780(A2780-CR)および膀胱がん細胞株(HT1376-CR)のシスプラチン耐性態様が、親(A2780-P)または年齢を合わせたDMF対照(HT1376-DMF)細胞株よりも、シスプラチンに対して感度が低く(図1Aを参照されたい)、一方、A2780およびHT1376のシスプラチン耐性態様が、化合物1に対して感度が強いままである(図1Bを参照されたい)を見出した。しかしながら、化合物1およびシスプラチンによる併用治療は、50%を超える成長の低下をもたらした。図2Aおよび図2Bを参照されたい。
NOGマウスのCTG 2428 PDX腫瘍において、化合物1単独、およびアンドロゲン受容体シグナル伝達阻害剤エンザルタミドとの組み合わせの抗腫瘍効果を評価した。図5に示されるように、化合物1とエンザルタミドの組み合わせにより、化合物1またはエンザルタミド単独よりも絶対腫瘍体積を良好な方に低下させる。同様の結果は、NOGマウスのCTG-2440 PDX(図6)腫瘍およびCTG-2441 PDX腫瘍(図7)においてもみられた。このデータは、化合物1を、エンザルタミドなどのアンドロゲン受容体シグナル伝達阻害剤と組み合わせて、前立腺がんなどの固形腫瘍がんを治療することができることを確立する。
6つの疾患特異的用量拡大コホートにおける、化合物1単剤療法、およびイリノテカンとの組み合わせの安全性、忍容性、および予備臨床活性を評価するための第1/2相試験を、以下に概説する一般的な手順に従って実施する。第1相は、進行した再発固形腫瘍を有する患者における、化合物1の単剤療法用量漸増および併用療法(化合物1+イリノテカン)用量漸増期間から構成され、第2相は、6つの疾患特異的用量拡大コホートにおける単剤療法用量漸増および併用療法用量漸増期間を含む。
以下のコホートに登録された患者は、経口化合物1単剤療法を受ける。
・進行した再発固形腫瘍を有する患者における、単剤療法用量漸増コホート。
・尿路上皮がん腫を有する患者における、用量拡大コホート1。
・卵巣明細胞がん腫を有する患者における、用量拡大コホート2。
・子宮内膜がん腫を有する患者における、用量拡大コホート3。
以下のコホートに登録された患者は、経口化合物1単剤療法を受ける。
・進行した再発固形腫瘍を有する患者における、併用療法用量漸増コホート
・小細胞肺がん(SCLC)を有する患者における、用量拡大コホート4。
・胃または胃食道接合部(GEJ)腺がんを有する患者における、用量拡大コホート5。
・漿液性卵巣がんを有する患者における、用量拡大コホート6。
Claims (21)
- 対象における固形腫瘍を治療する方法に用いるための薬学的組成物であって、以下の式を有する化合物
- 前記第2の薬剤が、アンドロゲン受容体シグナル伝達阻害剤である、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記第2の薬剤が、ビカルタミド、エンザルタミド、アパルタミド、フルタミド、ニルタミド、ダロルタミド、および酢酸アビラテロンから選択されるアンドロゲン受容体シグナル伝達阻害剤である、請求項1または2に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記第2の薬剤が、エンザルタミドである、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記第2の薬剤が、DNAアルキル化剤である、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記DNAアルキル化剤が、ブスルファン、シクロホスファミド、ベンダムスチン、カルボプラチン、クロラムブシル、シクロホスファミド、シスプラチン、テモゾロミド、メルファラン、カルムスチン、ロムスチン、ダカルバジン、オキサリプラチン、イフォサミド、チオテパ、トラベクテジン、アルトレタミン、メクロレタミン、プロカルバジン、およびストレプトゾシンから選択される、請求項1または5に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記DNAアルキル化剤が、シスプラチンである、請求項1または5に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記第2の薬剤が、トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤である、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤が、トポイソメラーゼI阻害剤である、請求項1または8に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤が、イリノテカン、トポテカン、カンプトテシン、ラメラリン、エトポシド、テニポシド、ドキソルビシン、ダウノルビシン、ミトキサントロン、アムサクリン、エリプチシン、アウリントリカルボン酸、HU-331、エピルビシン、バルルビシン、イダルビシン、ピキサントロン、テニポシド、ベロテカン、ギマテカン、インドテカン、インジミテカンから選択される、請求項1または8に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤が、イリノテカンである、請求項1、8、および9のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記固形腫瘍が、前立腺がん、小細胞肺がん(SCLC)、胃または胃食道接合部(GEJ)腺がん、および漿液性卵巣がんから選択される、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記固形腫瘍が、小細胞肺がん(SCLC)、胃または胃食道接合部(GEJ)腺がん、および漿液性卵巣がんから選択される、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記固形腫瘍が、前立腺がんである、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記固形腫瘍が、進行した腫瘍として特徴付けられる、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記固形腫瘍が、再発固形腫瘍として特徴付けられる、請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記化合物が、前記第2の薬剤と同時に投与される、請求項1~16のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記化合物が、以下の式
- 7-クロロ-2-(4-(3-メトキシアゼチジン-1-イル)シクロヘキシル)-2,4-ジメチル-N-((6-メチル-4-(メチルチオ)-2-オキソ-1,2-ジヒドロピリジン-3-イル)メチル)ベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-カルボキサミド、またはその薬学的に許容される塩を含む、進行した再発固形腫瘍を治療する方法に用いるための、薬学的組成物。
- 前記進行した再発固形腫瘍が、進行した再発尿路上皮がん腫、進行した再発卵巣明細胞がん腫、または進行した再発子宮内膜がん腫である、請求項19に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記7-クロロ-2-(4-(3-メトキシアゼチジン-1-イル)シクロヘキシル)-2,4-ジメチル-N-((6-メチル-4-(メチルチオ)-2-オキソ-1,2-ジヒドロピリジン-3-イル)メチル)ベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-カルボキサミドが、(2R)-7-クロロ-2-(trans-4-(3-メトキシアゼチジン-1-イル)シクロヘキシル)-2,4-ジメチル-N-((6-メチル-4-(メチルチオ)-2-オキソ-1,2-ジヒドロピリジン-3-イル)メチル)ベンゾ[d][1,3]ジオキソール-5-カルボキサミドである、請求項19または20に記載の薬学的組成物。
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