JP7395724B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法、及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法、及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7395724B2 JP7395724B2 JP2022523166A JP2022523166A JP7395724B2 JP 7395724 B2 JP7395724 B2 JP 7395724B2 JP 2022523166 A JP2022523166 A JP 2022523166A JP 2022523166 A JP2022523166 A JP 2022523166A JP 7395724 B2 JP7395724 B2 JP 7395724B2
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 79
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 79
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 64
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910004320 Li(NixCoyMnz)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011981 Li4Mn5O12 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001016 Ostwald ripening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;manganese;nickel;oxocobalt Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Ni].[Co]=O VGYDTVNNDKLMHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/006—Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
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- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Description
[化1]rLi2MnO3・(1-r)LiaNixCoyMnzM11-(x+y+z)O2
(前記化学式1において、0<r≦0.6、0<a≦1、0≦x≦1、0≦y<1、0≦z<1、及び0<x+y+z≦1であり、前記M1は、Na、K、Mg、Al、Fe、Cr、Y、Sn、Ti、B、P、Zr、Ru、Nb、W、Ba、Sr、La、Ga、Mg、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Fe、Al、Ta、Mo、Sc、V、Zn、Cu、In、S、B、及びBiから選ばれる少なくともいずれか一つ以上である。)
[化2]LibMnpOq
(前記化学式2において、0.1≦b/p≦2.5で、0<q≦15である。)
[化1]rLi2MnO3・(1-r)LiaNixCoyMnzM11-(x+y+z)O2
(前記化学式1において、0<r≦0.6、0<a≦1、0≦x≦1、0≦y<1、0≦z<1、及び0<x+y+z≦1であり、前記M1は、Na、K、Mg、Al、Fe、Cr、Y、Sn、Ti、B、P、Zr、Ru、Nb、W、Ba、Sr、La、Ga、Mg、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Fe、Al、Ta、Mo、Sc、V、Zn、Nb、Cu、In、S、B、Ge、Si及びBiから選ばれる少なくともいずれか一つ以上である。)
(前記化学式2において、0.1≦b/p≦2.5で、0<q≦15である。)
共浸法(co-precipitation method)を用いて球状のNi0.2Co0.1Mn0.7CO3前駆体を合成した。90L級の反応器でNiSO4・6H2O、CoSO4・7H2O及びMnSO4・H2Oを20:10:70のモル比(mole ratio)で混合した2.5Mの複合遷移金属硫酸水溶液に25wt%のNaCO3と28wt%のNH4OHを投入した。反応器内のpHは10.0~12.0に維持し、このときの反応器の温度は45℃~50℃に維持した。そして、不活性ガスであるN2を反応器に投入し、製造された前駆体が酸化されることを防止した。合成・撹拌が完了した後、フィルタープレス(Filter Press、F/P)装備を用いて洗浄及び脱水を進行した。最終的に、脱水品を120℃で2日間乾燥し、75μm(200mesh)の篩でろ過し、18μm及び4μmのNi0.2Co0.1Mn0.7CO3前駆体を得た。
前記前駆体をBox焼成炉でO2又は空気(50L/min)雰囲気に維持し、1分当たり2℃に昇温し、焼成温度550℃で1時間~6時間維持した後、炉冷(furnace cooling)した。
前記前駆体に対するLi/Mの比率が1.45になるようにLiOH又はLi2CO3を秤量し、融剤ドーパント(Flux dopant)としてNb2O5を0.6モル%秤量し、これをミキサー(Manual mixer、MM)を用いて混合した。混合品をBox焼成炉でO2又は空気(50L/min)雰囲気に維持し、1分当たり2℃に昇温し、焼成温度900℃で7時間~12時間維持した後、炉冷(furnace cooling)した。
共浸法を用いて前記焼成品の表面にMn 5モル%をコーティングした。活物質と蒸留水を重さ比1:2で秤量し、活物質を蒸留水に分散させた後、MnSO4・H2Oを蒸留水に溶かした金属硫酸水溶液を投入した。このとき、NaOHを用いてpHを10.0~12.0に維持させた。コーティング後、フィルタープレス(Filter press、F/P)装備を用いて洗浄及び脱水を進行した後、これを150℃で14時間乾燥した。
次に、前記湿式コーティング品にLi/Mn(コーティング量)が0.5~0.8になるようにLiOH又はLi2CO3を秤量した後、これをミキサーを用いて混合した。混合品をBox焼成炉でO2又は空気雰囲気に維持し、1分当たり4.4℃に昇温し、焼成温度450℃で7時間~12時間維持した後、炉冷(furnace cooling)した。
外部にリチウムを過剰状態にして層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物を形成する。
外部にリチウムマンガン酸化物を形成しない。
前記実施例1の外部合成及び第2熱処理段階を行わないことを除いては、実施例1と同一の方法で正極活物質を製造した。
リチウム二次電池の製造
前記実施例及び比較例に係る正極活物質90重量%、カーボンブラック5.5wt%、及びPVDFバインダー4.5wt%をN-メチル-2ピロリドン(NMP)30gに分散させ、正極スラリーを製造した。前記正極スラリーを厚さ15μmの正極集電体であるアルミニウム(Al)薄膜に塗布及び乾燥し、ロールプレス(roll press)を実施することによって正極を製造した。正極のローディングレベルは5.5mg/cm2であり、電極密度は2.3g/cm3であった。
図1のSEM分析により、実施例に係る正極活物質において、1次粒子の大きさを成長させた層状構造のリチウム過剰酸化物粒子の表面にリチウムマンガン酸化物が均一にコーティングされたことを確認することができる。
Claims (14)
- リチウム複合酸化物粒子を含み、
前記リチウム複合酸化物粒子の内部に、結晶構造が層状構造として下記の化学式1で表されるリチウム過剰酸化物を含み、
前記リチウム複合酸化物粒子の外部に、下記の化学式2で表されるリチウムマンガン酸化物を含み、
前記リチウム複合酸化物粒子は、1次粒子が凝集して形成される2次粒子を含み、
大きさが300nm~10μmである1次粒子が前記2次粒子に含まれる全体の1次粒子中に50vol%~100vol%に調節され、
リチウムを除いた金属(M)全体のモル数に対するリチウム(Li)のモル数の比率をLi/Mとしたとき、前記内部に含まれるリチウム過剰酸化物と前記外部に含まれるリチウムマンガン酸化物は、Li/M値が異なる、二次電池用正極活物質。
[化1]rLi2MnO3・(1-r)LiaNixCoyMnzM11-(x+y+ z)O2
(前記化学式1において、0<r≦0.6、0<a≦1、0≦x≦1、0≦y<1、0≦z<1、及び0<x+y+z≦1であり、前記M1は、Na、K、Mg、Al、Fe、Cr、Y、Sn、Ti、B、P、Zr、Ru、Nb、W、Ba、Sr、La、Ga、Mg、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Fe、Al、Ta、Mo、Sc、V、Zn、 Cu、In、S、B、Ge、Si及びBiから選ばれる少なくともいずれか一つ以上である。)
[化2]LibMnpOq
(前記化学式2において、0.1≦b/p≦2.5で、0<q≦15である。) - 前記リチウム複合酸化物粒子は、内部から外部に行くほど、リチウムの濃度が勾配を形成する、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合酸化物粒子の内部のLi/Mは、1.1~1.6である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合酸化物粒子の外部のLi/Mは、0.1~0.9である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合酸化物粒子の外部は、結晶構造がスピネル構造である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合酸化物粒子の外部のLi/Mは、1.8~2.5である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合酸化物粒子の外部は、結晶構造が層状構造である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合酸化物粒子の内部は、ニッケル全体のモル数に対するマンガンのモル数の比率(Mn/Ni)が1~4.5である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合酸化物粒子は、内部から外部に行くほど、マンガンの濃度が勾配を形成する、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム複合酸化物粒子は、1次粒子が凝集して形成される2次粒子を含み、
前記化学式1のM1は、前記1次粒子を成長させる融剤(Flux)として作用するドーパントである、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記化学式1の前記M1は、Ba、Sr、B、P、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Ta及びWから選ばれる少なくともいずれか一つ以上である、請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物
質。 - 請求項1の二次電池用正極活物質を製造する方法において、
前記正極活物質の内部を形成するための前駆体粒子を形成する段階;
前記形成された前駆体粒子とリチウム化合物とを混合し、第1熱処理を行う段階;
前記正極活物質の外部を形成するために前記第1熱処理が行われた粒子を蒸留水又はアルカリ水溶液に分散させた後、マンガンを含む化合物を投入してコーティングする段階;及び
前記コーティングされた粒子にリチウム化合物を混合し、第2熱処理を行う段階;を含む、二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記第1熱処理を行う段階は、前記化学式1のM1を含む化合物をさらに混合して熱処理する、請求項12に記載の二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1の正極活物質を含む、二次電池。
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