JP7395611B2 - カプセル - Google Patents
カプセル Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7395611B2 JP7395611B2 JP2021558664A JP2021558664A JP7395611B2 JP 7395611 B2 JP7395611 B2 JP 7395611B2 JP 2021558664 A JP2021558664 A JP 2021558664A JP 2021558664 A JP2021558664 A JP 2021558664A JP 7395611 B2 JP7395611 B2 JP 7395611B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- shell
- capsules
- capsule
- acid
- core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 title claims description 432
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 448
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 162
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 127
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- -1 amino, mercapto, acryloyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 62
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000171 calcio olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000043 antiallergic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002979 fabric softener Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 1
- QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;2-amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxylatoethyl)disulfanyl]propanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C(N)CSSCC(N)C([O-])=O QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 133
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 96
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 93
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 87
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 85
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 72
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 65
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 64
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 60
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 50
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 45
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 45
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 42
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 35
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 29
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 21
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 17
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 16
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 15
- UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
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- YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldiethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OCC YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- YZVRVDPMGYFCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetyloxysilyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Si](OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)OC(C)=O YZVRVDPMGYFCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000724 energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
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- CKJNUZNMWOVDFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[CH-] CKJNUZNMWOVDFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUBSLXLMZVQYAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,7,8,10,10a-decahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1CC(C(C)C)CC2=CCC3C(C(=O)OC)(C)CCCC3(C)C21 YUBSLXLMZVQYAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UTUBQSIVMXUACR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-(2-phenylethylideneamino)benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1N=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 UTUBQSIVMXUACR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGXVLVNJSSONHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-(propanoylamino)benzoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC VGXVLVNJSSONHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEARHBYNCLPVFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[(1-hydroxy-3-phenylbutyl)amino]benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC(O)CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 AEARHBYNCLPVFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DCVGBQPSFNIPPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropylidene]amino]benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1N=CC(C)CC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 DCVGBQPSFNIPPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IEDOGKKOPNRRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl tetradecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC IEDOGKKOPNRRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
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- SECPZKHBENQXJG-BQYQJAHWSA-N palmitelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ABTZKZVAJTXGNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N stearyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCC ABTZKZVAJTXGNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003900 succinic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010983 sucrose acetate isobutyrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001797 sucrose acetate isobutyrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UVGUPMLLGBCFEJ-SWTLDUCYSA-N sucrose acetate isobutyrate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](COC(=O)C(C)C)O[C@@]1(COC(C)=O)O[C@@H]1[C@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)[C@H](OC(=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1 UVGUPMLLGBCFEJ-SWTLDUCYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricaprin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC LADGBHLMCUINGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YZWRNSARCRTXDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropionin Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CC)COC(=O)CC YZWRNSARCRTXDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULNMAIWDPFNJAG-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium hydrogen peroxide phosphate Chemical compound OO.P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+] ULNMAIWDPFNJAG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QNVACCYMILONCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoyl undecaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCC QNVACCYMILONCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/50—Perfumes
- C11D3/502—Protected perfumes
- C11D3/505—Protected perfumes encapsulated or adsorbed on a carrier, e.g. zeolite or clay
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/11—Encapsulated compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/25—Silicon; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q13/00—Formulations or additives for perfume preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/14—Polymerisation; cross-linking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/20—After-treatment of capsule walls, e.g. hardening
- B01J13/22—Coating
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
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- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0039—Coated compositions or coated components in the compositions, (micro)capsules
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- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
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- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
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Description
(MvOzYn)w(式I)
(式中、Mはケイ素、チタン、及びアルミニウムのうちの1つ以上であり、vはMの原子価数であって、3又は4であり、zは0.5~1.6であり、各Yは、独立して、-OH、-OR2、ハロ、
(MvOzYnR1 p)w(式II)
(式中、Mはケイ素、チタン、及びアルミニウムのうちの1つ以上であり、vはMの原子価数であって、3又は4であり、zは0.5~1.6であり、各Yは、独立して、-OH、-OR2、ハロ、
(MvOzYn)w(式I)
(式中、Mはケイ素、チタン、及びアルミニウムのうちの1つ以上であり、vはMの原子価数であって、3又は4であり、zは0.5~1.6であり、各Yは、独立して、-OH、-OR2、ハロ、
(MvOzYnR1 p)w(式II)
(式中、Mはケイ素、チタン、及びアルミニウムのうちの1つ以上であり、vはMの原子価数であって、3又は4であり、zは0.5~1.6であり、各Yは、独立して、-OH、-OR2、ハロ、
実施形態において、第1のシェル構成要素は、縮合層を含み得る。縮合層は、1つ以上の前駆体の縮合生成物であり得る。上記の1つ以上の前駆体は、式(I)のものでありうる:
(MvOzYn)w(式I)、
(式中、Mはケイ素、チタン及びアルミニウムのうちの1つ以上であり、vはMの原子価数であって、3又は4であり、zは、0.5~1.6、好ましくは0.5~1.5であり、各Yは、独立して、-OH、-OR2、
(MvOzYnR1 p)w(式II)、
(式中、Mはケイ素、チタン及びアルミニウムのうちの1つ以上であり、vはMの原子価数であって、3又は4であり、zは、0.5~1.6、好ましくは0.5~1.5であり、各Yは、独立して、-OH、-OR2、
ΔGd=πr2γow(1-cosθ)2
(式中、ΔGdは、自由エネルギーであり、rは、ナノ粒子の半径であり、γowは、油相と水相との間の界面張力であり、θは、三相接触角である。界面における球状ナノ粒子の自由エネルギーの変化は、油と水との界面張力及びナノ粒子の半径に直接依存する。したがって、ΔGdは、r2の関数として増加し、それゆえ、理論に束縛されるものではないが、通常はより大きいナノ粒子は、エマルションをより効率的に安定化させることができ、ナノ粒子どうしの間の孔のサイズに影響を及ぼし得る。
実施形態において、カプセルは、第2のシェル構成要素を含み得る。第2のシェル構成要素は、第1のシェル構成要素を取り囲む。第2のシェル構成要素は、無機化合物を含む。実施形態において、第2のシェル構成要素は、カプセルに更なる安定性を提供し、カプセルの透過性を低下させることができる。理論に束縛されるものではないが、第2のシェル構成要素は、カプセルの性能の改善、例えば、シェルの透過性を低下させ、貯蔵中の有益剤の拡散を低減することに更に寄与し得ると考えられる。
実施形態において、コアが油性又は水性のいずれであっても、そのコアは、1つ以上の有益剤と、例えば賦形剤、担体、希釈剤、及び他の薬剤などの追加の成分とを含み得る。実施形態において、コアは液体コアであり得る。実施形態において、コアはゲルコアであり得る。実施形態において、コアは水性であってよく、水性又は水溶性の有益剤を含み得る。実施形態において、コアは油性であってもよく、油性又は油溶性の有益剤を含み得る。実施形態において、コアは、15℃以下の融点を有する。実施形態において、コアは、製剤化された製品中で使用される温度において液体である。実施形態において、コアは、室温で及び室温付近の温度で液体である。
油性コアは、連続水相中の分散油相の乳化に由来する、コアとシェルとのカプセルのコア内に存在する油相として定義されるが、前述の油相及び水相は、実質的に非混和性である。
水性コアは、連続油相中の分散水相の乳化に由来する、コアとシェルとのカプセルのコア内に存在する水相として定義されるが、前述の油相及び水相は、実質的に非混和性である。
油性コアを有するカプセルを製造する方法の実施形態において、油相は、油性及び/又は油溶性の有益剤及び前駆体を含み得る。
水性コアを有するカプセルを製造する方法の実施形態において、水相は、水性の有益剤を含み得る。
実施形態において、油性コアを作製するかあるいは水性コアを作製するかにかかわらず、エマルションは、前駆体を固化させる条件下で硬化されることができ、それによってカプセルが形成される。
加水分解:≡Si-OR+H2O→≡Si-OH+ROH
縮合: ≡Si-OH+≡Si-OR→≡Si-O-Si≡+ROH
≡Si-OH+≡Si-OH→≡Si-O-Si≡+H2O。
加水分解:≡M-Y+H2O→≡M-OH+YH
縮合:≡ M-OH+≡M-Y→≡M-O-M≡+YH
≡M-OH+≡M-OH→≡M-O-M≡+H2O。
平均シェル厚さ測定
第1のシェル構成要素と、それが存在する場合に第2のシェル構成要素とを含むカプセルのシェルを、有益剤を含有する20個の送達用カプセルについて、収束イオンビーム走査電子顕微鏡(FIBーSEM、FEI社製Helios Nanolab 650)又は同等の機器を用いて、ナノメートルの単位で測定する。少量の液体カプセル分散液(20μL)を蒸留水で希釈する(1:10)ことによって、サンプルを調製する。次いで、懸濁液をエタノール洗浄されたアルミニウムスタブ上に堆積させ、カーボンコーティング装置(Leica社製EM ACE600又は同等の機器)に移す。サンプルを、コーティング装置中、真空下で乾燥させる(真空レベル:10-5mbar)。次に、25nm~50nmの炭素をサンプル上にフラッシュ堆積させて、その表面上に導電性炭素層を堆積させる。次いで、アルミニウムスタブをFIB-SEMに移し、カプセルの断面を準備する。断面洗浄パターンを使用して、30kVの加速電圧で2.5nAの放出電流を用いてイオン粉砕することによって、断面を準備する。画像を、5.0kV及び100pAで、浸漬モード(ドウェル時間:約10マイクロ秒)を用いて、拡大率約10,000倍で取得する。
カプセルサイズの分布は、AccuSizer 780 AD機器又は同等の機器と、付随するソフトウェアCW788バージョン1.82(Particle Sizing Systems社(米国カリフォルニア州サンタバーバラ)製)又は同等のソフトウェアを使用して、光学的粒子計数法(OPC)とも呼ばれる単一粒子光学検知法(SPOS)によって決定される。器具は、以下の条件及び選択肢を用いて構成する:流速=1mL/秒;小径側閾値=0.50μm;センサーモデル番号=LE400-05SE又は同等のもの;自動希釈=オン;収集時間:60秒;数チャネル=512;容器の流体体積=50ml;最大同時計数=9200。測定は、バックグラウンド計数が100未満になるまで水でフラッシングすることによって、センサを低温状態にすることによって開始される。懸濁液中の送達カプセルのサンプルが導入され、必要に応じてカプセルの密度が、脱イオン水を用いて自動希釈を介して調整されて、カプセルの計数が最大で、1mLあたり9200となるようにする。60秒間かけて、懸濁液を分析する。使用されるサイズの範囲は、1μm~493.3μmであった。
CoVvは、体積加重サイズ分布の変動係数であり、
σVは、体積分布に関する分布の標準偏差であり、
μvは、体積分布に関する分布の平均であり、
diは、分画iの直径であり、
xi、Vは、分画i(直径iに対応する)における体積分布の頻度であり、
公称壁張力TRは、「Liu,M.(2010).Understanding the mechanical strength of microcapsules and their adhesion on fabric surfaces.Birmingham,United Kingdom:University of Birmingham (Doctoral thesis)」に記載の以下の式を使用して計算される:
a)送達カプセル懸濁液を、顕微鏡スライドガラス上に一滴置き、周囲条件下で数分間乾燥させて水を除去し、乾燥したスライドガラス上に、低密度で孤立したカプセルを得る。必要に応じて懸濁液中のカプセルの濃度を調整して、スライドガラス上で好適なカプセル密度を得るようにする。2つ以上のスライド調製が必要とされる場合があり得る。
b)次いで、スライドをマイクロ操作器具のサンプル保持ステージ上に置く。スライド上の30個の有益剤送達用カプセルを測定のために選択し、3つの所定のサイズ範囲のそれぞれに選択された10個のカプセルが存在するようにする。各サイズ範囲は、Accusizerにより生成された体積加重PSDから導かれたカプセルの直径を指す。カプセルの3つのサイズ範囲は、平均直径±2μmと、5番目の百分位数直径±2μmと、90番目のパーセンタイル数直径±2μmとである。収縮したり、漏出があったり、あるいは損傷していたりするカプセルは、選択プロセスから除外され、測定されない。
c)30個の選択されたカプセルのそれぞれについて、カプセルの直径をマイクロ操作器具上の画像から測定し、記録する。次いで、2つの平坦な表面、すなわち、平坦な端部の力プローブと顕微鏡用スライドガラスとの間で、2μm/秒の速度で、その同じカプセルを圧縮し、カプセルを破裂させる。圧縮ステップ中、プローブの力を、マイクロ操作器具のデータ収集システムによって連続的に測定し、記録する。
d)各カプセルの直径(Dm)は、上記の実験装置又は同等の装置、及びZhang,Z.;Sun,G:「Mechanical Properties of Melamine-Formaldehyde microcapsules.」J.Microencapsulation,Vol 18,no.5,pages 593-602,2001に記載の方法を使用して測定される。
e)破裂力(FR)は、選択された各カプセルについて、Zhang,Z.et al.(1999)「Mechanical strength of single microcapsules determined by a novel micromanipulation technique.」J.Microencapsulation,vol.16,no.1,pages 117-124,及び Sun,G.and Zhang,Z.(2001)「Mechanical Properties of Melamine-Formaldehyde microcapsules.」J.Microencapsulation,vol.18,no.5,pages 593-602.に示されるように、記録された力プローブ測定値から決定される。
f)30個のカプセルのそれぞれの公称壁張力(TR)は、Liu,M.(2010)の「Understanding the mechanical strength of microcapsules and their adhesion on fabric surfaces.Birmingham,United Kingdom:University of Birmingham (Doctoral thesis)」に記載されているように、破裂力(FR)(単位はニュートン)を、πで乗算したカプセルの直径(Dm)によって除算することによって計算される。
有効体積コア対シェル比の値は、以下のように決定され、シェル厚さ試験方法によって測定される平均シェル厚さに依存する。平均シェル厚さが測定されたカプセルの有効体積コア対シェル比は、以下の等式によって計算される:
%シェル=100-%コア。
前駆体の分岐度を以下のように決定した:分岐度は、(29Si)核磁気共鳴分光法(NMR)を使用して測定される。
各サンプルを、重水素化ベンゼン(Benzene-D6「100%」(D,99.96%、Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc.(マサチューセッツ州Tewksbury)から入手可能)又は同等物を使用して25%溶液に希釈する。0.015Mのクロム(III)アセチルアセトナート(純度99.99%、Sigma-Aldrich社(ミズーリ州St.Louis)から入手可能なもの、又は同等物)を、常磁性緩和試薬として添加する。ガラスNMR管(Wilmad-LabGlass社(ニュージャージー州Vineland)製又は同等物)を分析に使用する場合、サンプルを溶解するために使用されるのと同じタイプの重水素化溶媒でNMRチューブを充填することによって、ブランクサンプルも調製しなければならない。ブランク及びサンプルを分析するために、同じガラス管を使用しなければならない。
分岐度は、Bruker 400 MHz核磁気共鳴分光法(NMR)器具、又は同等の器具を使用して決定される。標準的なケイ素(29Si)法(例えば、Brukerから)は、最小1000回のスキャン及び30秒の緩和時間を伴うデフォルトパラメータ設定で使用される。
サンプルは保存され、MestReNovaバージョン12.0.4-22023(Mestrelab Researchから入手可能)又は同等物などのNMR分光法に適切なシステムソフトウェアを使用して処理される。位相調整及び背景補正が適用される。ガラスNMR管並びにプローブハウジング内に存在するガラスを使用した結果である、-70~-136ppmまで伸びる、大きく広い信号が存在する。この信号は、ブランクサンプルのスペクトルを合成サンプルのスペクトルから減算することによって抑制されるが、ただし同じチューブ及び同じ方法パラメータがブランク及びサンプルを分析するために使用されることを条件とする。データ収集、チューブなどのわずかな差異を更に考慮するために、関心領域のピークの外側の領域が、一貫した値に統合及び正規化されるべきである。例えば、-117~-115ppmを積算し、全てのブランク及びサンプルについて積算値を4に設定する。
本明細書に記載の縮合層前駆体の分子量(ポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量(Mw))及び多分散指数(Mw/Mn)は、屈折率検出を伴うサイズ排除クロマトグラフィーを使用して決定される。Mnは数平均分子量である。
サンプルを秤量し、次いで器具システムで使用される溶媒で、標的濃度10mg/mLまで希釈する。例えば、50mgのポリアルコキシシランを5mLのメスフラスコに秤量し、溶解し、トルエンで所定の体積に希釈する。サンプルが溶媒中に溶解した後、それを0.45μmのナイロンフィルターに通し、計器の自動サンプラーに装填する。
屈折率検出器(例えば、Wyatt社(カリフォルニア州Santa Barbara)製、2414屈折率検出器、又は同等物)に接続された自動サンプラー(例えば、Waters社(マサチューセッツ州Milford)製、Waters 2695 HPLC分離モジュール、又は同等物)を用いたHPLCシステムを、ポリマー分析に使用する。分離は3つのカラムで実施されるが、各々が内径7.8mm×長さ300mmであり、5μmのポリスチレン-ジビニルベンゼン媒体が充填され、それぞれ1、10、及び60kDAの分子量でのカットオフがなされる。好適なカラムは、TSKGel G1000HHR、G2000HHR、及びG3000HHRカラム(TOSOH Bioscience社(ペンシルベニア州King of Prussia)から入手可能)又は同等物である。内径6mm×長さ40mmの、5μmのポリスチレン-ジビニルベンゼンのガードカラム(例えば、TSKgel Guardcolumn HHR-L(TOSOH BIOSCIENCE社製)、又は同等物)を使用して、分析カラムを保護する。トルエン(HPLCグレード又は同等物)を、カラム及び検出器の両方が25℃に維持された状態で、1.0mL/分で均一速度でポンプ圧送する。100μLの調製されたサンプルを、分析のために注入する。サンプルデータは、GPC計算能力を有するソフトウェア(例えば、Wyatt Technologies社(カリフォルニア州Santa Barbara)から入手可能なASTRA Version 6.1.7.17ソフトウェア又は同等物)を使用して、保存及び処理される。
透過率試験方法は、カプセルのシェルの透過性を表すことができる、カプセルの集団に対するカプセルコアからの特定の分子の連続相への拡散の割合を、決定することを可能にする。透過率試験方法は、特定の分子トレーサーのシェル透過性に関連する基準フレームであり、したがって、そのサイズを固定し、かつその親和性をカプセルシェルの外部の連続相に向けて固定する。これは、当該技術分野における様々なカプセルの透過性を比較するために使用される基準フレームである。分子トレーサー及び連続相の両方が固定される場合、シェルの透過性は、特定の条件のセット下で評価される単一のカプセル特性である。
無機シェル中の有機部分の定義:M-X結合(Mは、金属及び半金属の基に属し、Xは非金属の基に属し、金属又は半金属Mの無機前駆体に当該部分を連結する)の加水分解を介して指定の反応条件の下で、金属Mを担持する金属前駆体から切断することができない任意の部分Xは、有機部分と見なされる。撹拌せずに中性のpHを有する蒸留水に24時間にわたって曝露したときに、最低でも1%の加水分解度を有することが、上記の反応条件として設定される。
それぞれのモル分率Yiを有するシランの混合物を検討する。なお、ここで、iは各シランの識別番号である。この混合物は、以下のように表され得る。
Si(XR)4-nRn
式中、XRは、上記定義で述べた条件下で加水分解性の基であり、Ri niは上記の条件下で非加水分解性であり、ni=0、1、2、又は3である。
1)各前駆体(ナノ粒子が含まれる)のモル分率を見つける。
2)各前駆体(ナノ粒子が含まれる)の一般式を決定する。
3)モル分率に基づいて、前駆体とナノ粒子との混合物の一般式を計算する。
4)反応したシランへ変換(全ての加水分解性基を酸素基へ)する。
5)有機部分対合計質量(フレームワークに対しての1モルのSiを仮定する)の重量比を計算する。
SiO1*0.57+2*0.25(OEt)2*0.57+4*0.07+2*0.10Me2*0.10
SiO1.07(OEt)1.62Me0.20
SiO1.88Me0.20
A+B/2=2、
(式中、Aは酸素原子指数であり、Bは、全ての非加水分解性指数の合計である。)小さい誤差が、計算中に概数をとることから発生するが、それは補正されるべきである。次いで、酸素原子の指数を再調整して、この式を満たすようにする。
重量比:=(0.20*15)/(28+1.9*16+0.20*15)=4.9%
上記の式は、金属又は半金属Mの価数を考慮することによって一般化することができ、したがって、以下の修正された式を得ることができる:
M(XR)V-mRi m
同様の方法を使用するが、それぞれの金属の価数Vが考慮される。
サンプルの前駆体A~S、AV~AADを、以下の方法で作製した:
ある量のTAOS試薬(Sigma Aldrich社から入手可能)を、窒素雰囲気下で、撹拌棒及び蒸留装置を装備した清浄な乾燥した丸底フラスコに加えた。ある量の酢酸無水物(Sigma Aldrich社から入手可能)及び触媒(Gelest社、Sigma Aldrich社から入手可能)を加え、フラスコの内容物を撹拌し、表1に示すように加熱した。この反応物を、示された時間かけて示された温度まで加熱したが、その間、アルコキシシラン基と無水酢酸との反応により生成した有機エステルを、ポリアルコキシシラン(PAOS)が生成された際に発生した他のアルコキシシラン基とシリル-アセテート基との縮合によって生成された追加の有機エステルと共に留去した。反応フラスコを室温まで冷却し、ロータリーエバポレーター(Buchi社製Rotovapor R110)上に置いて、このロータリーエバポレーターを水浴槽及び真空ポンプ(Welch社製1402 DuoSeal)と共に使用して、残りの溶媒を全て除去した。全ての反応物及び試薬の種類及び比率、触媒及び比率、並びに全ての反応条件(例えば、時間及び温度)は、表1に詳しく挙げられている。
サンプルの前駆体U~Z、AA~AI、及びAK~AABを、以下の方法によって作製した。
ある量のTAOS試薬(Sigma Aldrich社から入手可能)を、窒素雰囲気下で、撹拌棒及び蒸留装置を備えた清浄な乾燥した丸底フラスコに加え、これにある量のアルコール(Sigma Aldrich社から入手可能)を添加した。表2に示すように、水に溶解したある量の触媒を添加した。水に溶解させた1N及び0.1NのHClは、Sigma Aldrich社から入手可能である。0.1NのHClを、蒸留水(Sigma Aldrich社から入手可能)で希釈することによって、0.002NのHClを調製した。この反応物を攪拌し、示された時間かけて示された温度まで加熱したが、その間、アルコキシシラン基の加水分解により生成したアルコールと、アルコール溶媒とを共に、ポリアルコキシシラン(PAOS)が生成される際に発生したシラノール基の縮合によって生成された水の一部と共に留去した。反応フラスコを室温まで冷却し、ロータリーエバポレーター(Buchi社製Rotovapor R110)上に置いて、このロータリーエバポレーターを水浴槽及び真空ポンプ(Welch社製1402 DuoSeal)と共に使用して、残りの溶媒を全て除去した。全ての反応物及び試薬の種類及び比率、触媒及び比率、並びに全ての反応条件(例えば、時間及び温度)は、表2に詳しく挙げられている。
**結果は、3つの合成材料の平均である
***ポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量(上に説明したように計算される)
表3のセクションAのカプセル(サンプルC、E、F、G、H、I、J、K、L、Q、S、T、Z、AA、AB、及びAC、並びに比較例W)を、以下の方法で作製した:
油相は、有益剤及び/又はコア変性剤を有する前駆体を混合し、均質化すること(又は、全ての化合物が混和性である場合には溶解させること)によって調製した。水相は、酸又は塩基を水に添加して、所望の出発時点pHを得るように調製した。次に、ナノ粒子を水相に添加し、超音波浴で少なくとも30分間分散させた。
表3のカプセル(実施例N及びAD)を以下の方法で作製した:
水相は、少なくとも有益剤と、水、コア変性剤、有益剤、及びナノ粒子のうちの任意の組み合わせとを混合し、均質化することによって調製した。油相は、連続相として、大きな過剰な量の疎水性液体から構成された。油相は、水とは実質的に非混和性である、溶媒又は任意の液体有機分子であり得る。油相は、超音波浴内で、上記の疎水性液体中に少なくとも30分間十分に分散されたナノ粒子が含まれた。連続相である油相は、乳化前又は乳化後の金属酸化物前駆体と、乳化前又は乳化後の有機酸とを含んでいた。
表3のセクションBのカプセル(実施例AF、AH、及びAJ、並びに比較例AE、AG、AK、AL、AI、AM、AN、AO、及びAP)を、以下の方法によって作製した:
油相は、有益剤及び/又はコア変性剤を有する前駆体を混合し、均質化すること(又は、全ての化合物が混和性である場合には溶解させること)によって調製した。水相は、酸又は塩基を水に添加して、所望の出発時点pHを得るように調製した。次に、ナノ粒子を水相に添加し、超音波浴で少なくとも30分間分散させた。
表3のセクションCのカプセル(実施例AU及びAV、並びに比較例B、AQ、AR、AS、AT、及びAW)を、以下の方法で製造した。
油相は、有益剤及び/又はコア変性剤を有する前駆体を混合し、均質化すること(又は、全ての化合物が混和性である場合には溶解させること)によって調製した。水相は、酸又は塩基を水に添加して、所望の出発時点pHを得るように調製した。次に、ナノ粒子を水相に添加し、超音波浴で少なくとも30分間分散させた。
表3のセクションDのカプセル(実施例AAA、AAB、及びAAC、並びに比較例AX、AY、AAD、AAE、及びAAF)を、以下の方法で製造した:
油相は、有益剤及び/又はコア変性剤を有する前駆体を混合し、均質化すること(又は、全ての化合物が混和性である場合には溶解させること)によって調製した。水相は、酸又は塩基を水に添加して、所望の出発時点pHを得るように調製した。次に、ナノ粒子を水相に添加し、超音波浴で少なくとも30分間分散させた。
a.メントールメンチルラクテート(MML)を、メントールとメンチルラクテートとを1:1の重量比で混合することによって調製し、室温で液体の物質が得られた(その開示が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許第6,897,195(B2)号に、上記の混合物の作製方法が開示されている)。
b.室温で4時間、50℃で16時間、70℃で96時間硬化。
c.50℃で3週間硬化。
d.室温で5週間以上硬化。
e.スラリーを0.1MのHClで20倍に希釈し、第2のシェル構成要素前駆体の溶液で処理し、これを、オーバーヘッド撹拌機を用いて、350RPMで常時撹拌しつつ、プラスチックピペットを用いて室温及びpH1.2の条件下で滴加した。カプセルを300RPMで撹拌しながら24時間保持し、次いで2500rpmで10分間遠心分離にかけて、脱イオン水中に再分散させた。
f.スラリーを0.1MのHCl中で4倍に希釈し、室温で、懸架式磁気攪拌機リアクターを350RPMで使用して、第2のシェル構成要素前駆体の溶液を制御しながら添加して(毎分10μL)処理した。1MのHCl(水)溶液及び1MのNaOH(水)溶液を使用して、pH7でpHを一定に保った。カプセルを300RPMで撹拌しながら24時間保持し、次いで2500rpmで10分間遠心分離にかけて、脱イオン水中に再分散させた。
g.スラリーを脱イオン水で10倍に希釈し、懸架式磁気攪拌機リアクターを350RPMで使用して、1時間かけて、CaCl2水溶液(1M、1mL)及びNa2CO3水溶液(1M、1mL)を制御しながら添加して処理する。1MのHCl(水)溶液及び1MのNaOH(水)溶液を使用して、pH7でpHを一定に保った。カプセルを300RPMで撹拌しながら24時間保持し、次いで2500rpmで10分間遠心分離にかけて、脱イオン水中に再分散させる。
h.各ステップの前及びステップ(3)の後、スラリーを10gの脱イオン水で洗浄し、1500rpmで10分間遠心分離し、上清を3回分離しなければならない。ステップ(1)及び(2)のスラリーを溶液に添加し、その混合物を室温で、実験室用振盪器を用いて10分間にわたって振盪する。ステップ(3)のスラリーを溶液に添加し、60℃の温度で、オーバーヘッドミキサーを使って、150rpmで1時間にわたって振盪する。
b.スラリーの粘性があまりにも高かったので、第2のシェル構成要素は配置されなかった。
1.25gのAerosil 300を計り、総重量が100gになるように0.1MのHClを加えて水相を調製した。ナノ粒子は、混合物を超音波浴中で、少なくとも30分間にわたって又は固体沈降物がなくなるまで、超音波処理することによって分散させた。
水相は、25重量%のCTAC(水)溶液(Sigma Aldrich社によって供給される)を脱イオン水の中に希釈して、CTACの濃度を0.52重量%に到達させることによって調製した。
カプセルスラリーが形成された後、pHを3.2にトリミングしたこと、5.7gのTEOSを320分間かけて滴下したこと、温度が30℃に維持されたこと、オーバーヘッドミキサーを用いた混合速度が160rpmで維持されたことを除いて、比較例8-1と同様とした。全てのTEOSを添加した後、スラリーを、オーバーヘッドミキサーを用いて160rpmで、30℃の温度下、更に18時間混合してカプセルを得た。カプセルは、風乾時に崩壊しなかった。
ヘキシルアセテート9重量%
ジヒドロジャスモン酸メチル9重量%
テトラヒドロリナロール9重量%
α-イオノン9重量%
リリアール18重量%
ヘキシルシンナミルアルデヒド18重量%
サリチル酸ヘキシル18重量%
ベルジルアセテート10重量%
表3の実施例識別記号AAA。カプセルは、風乾時に崩壊せず、透過率試験において、20%の透過率パーセンテージを有した。
磁気撹拌棒を備えた50 mlの丸底フラスコ内で、0.01MのHCl(水溶液)4gを、フェニルトリエトキシシラン(PhTEOS)3gと組み合わせた。当初は、2つの相は混和性がない。次に混合物を、1000rpmで激しく撹拌しながら、pHを0.1MのNaOHを用いて2にトリミングした。混合物を1000rpm及び室温で攪拌し、均質な混合物を得た。これにより、前駆体混合物を得た。
例えばAAAと同じ芳香剤144グラムを計って容器内に入れた。別の容器では、25重量%のCTAC溶液3.84gを混合し、脱イオン水で質量を96gにすることによって、1重量%のCTAC溶液96gを作製した。上記の芳香剤を、上記の界面活性剤混合物と、IKA社製のULTRATURRAXミキサー(S25N混合ツール)を用いて、8000rpmで5分間混合した。
1.25gのAerosil 300を計り、総重量が100gになるように0.1MのHClを加えて水相を調製した。ナノ粒子は、混合物を超音波浴中で、少なくとも30分間にわたって又は固体沈降物がなくなるまで、超音波処理することによって分散させた。
第2のシェル構成要素を添加しなかったことを除いて、例えば、表3の実施例識別記号AACと同じプロセスとした。カプセルは乾燥に耐えることができ、カプセルの透過率パーセンテージは、透過率試験に基づいて98%であった。
表3の実施例識別記号AAC。カプセルは乾燥に耐えることができ、カプセルの透過率パーセンテージは、透過率試験に基づいて25%であった。
油相を、20gのTEOSと、115gのミリスチン酸イソプロピルと、15gのベルジルアセテートとを混合することによって調製した。
カプセルの形成後に、5重量%のポリクオタニウム-7の水溶液40gを更に、最終的に添加したことを除き、比較例10-4と同じとした。マイクロリド上での風乾時にカプセルは崩壊した。カプセルの透過率パーセンテージは、透過率試験に基づいて83%であった。
上記の比較例10-2と同じプロセスとしたが、ただし、5重量%のポリクオタニウム-7の水溶液1.3gを、5gのスラリーに更に加え、混合物をオーバーヘッドミキサーを用いて200rpmで、15分間撹拌した。カプセルは乾燥に耐えることができ、カプセルの透過率パーセンテージは、透過率試験に基づいて73%であった。
Claims (14)
- カプセルの集団であって、
有益剤を含む油性コアと、前記コアを取り囲む実質的に無機のシェルとを含み、
前記シェルが、SiO2ナノ粒子と、式(I):
(MvOzYn)w(式I)
(式中、Mはケイ素、チタン、及びアルミニウムのうちの1つ以上であり、vはMの原子価数であって、3又は4であり、zは、0.5~1.6であり、各Yは、独立して、-OH、-OR2、ハロ、
前記第1のシェル構成要素が、最大5重量%の有機成分を含み、
前記集団が、10μm~200μmの体積加重平均カプセル直径と、170nm~1000nmの平均シェル厚さとを有し、
平均体積コア対シェル比が、80:20~98:2であり、
式(I)の前駆体が、700Da~30,000Daの分子量を有する、カプセルの集団。 - 前記集団が、0.01~40%のシェルの透過率を有する、請求項1に記載のカプセルの集団。
- 前記有益剤が、色原体及び染料、香料組成物、香料原材料、潤滑油、シリコーンオイル、ワックス、炭化水素、高級脂肪酸、エッセンシャルオイル、脂質、皮膚冷却剤、ビタミン、日焼け止め剤、酸化防止剤、触媒、悪臭軽減剤、臭気制御材料、柔軟剤、昆虫及び蛾駆除剤、着色剤、顔料、医薬、医薬油、接着剤、増粘剤、ドレープ及びフォーム調整剤、平滑剤、しわ抑制剤、衛生化剤、消毒剤、細菌抑制剤、カビ抑制剤、白カビ抑制剤、抗ウィルス剤、乾燥剤、耐汚染剤、汚れ放出剤、布地リフレッシュ剤及び洗いたて感維持剤、塩素漂白臭気抑制剤、染料固定剤、色保持剤、色復元/再生剤、抗退色剤、抗磨耗剤、耐磨耗剤、布地一体化剤、摩耗防止剤、けば立ち防止剤、抑泡剤、消泡剤、紫外線保護剤、日褪せ阻害剤、抗アレルギー剤、布地快適剤、耐収縮剤、耐伸剤、伸縮回復剤、スキンケア剤及び天然活性物質、染料、相変化材料、肥料、栄養剤、又は除草剤のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1又は2に記載のカプセルの集団。
- 前記有益剤が香料組成物を含む、請求項3に記載のカプセルの集団。
- 有益剤を含む前記油性コアが、コア変性剤を更に含む、請求項3又は4に記載のカプセルの集団。
- 前記第1のシェル構成要素が、最大2重量%の有機成分を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のカプセルの集団。
- 前記シェルが、前記第1のシェル構成要素を取り囲む無機第2のシェル構成要素を更に含み、
前記無機第2のシェル構成要素が、SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、CaCO3、Ca2SiO4、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、鉄、銀、ニッケル、金、銅、又は粘土のうちの少なくとも1つである無機第2のシェル材料を含む、
請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のカプセルの集団。 - 前記第1のシェル構成要素が、式(II):
(MvOzYnR1 p)w(式II)
式中、Mはケイ素、チタン、及びアルミニウムのうちの1つ以上であり、vはMの原子価数であって、3又は4であり、zは、0.5~1.6であり、各Yは、独立して、-OH、-OR2、ハロ、
の前駆体の縮合生成物を含む縮合層を含み、
式(II)の前駆体が、700Da~30,000Daの分子量を有する、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のカプセルの集団。 - 式(I)及び(II)について、MがSiであり、YがOR2であり、R2が1~4個の炭素原子を含む直鎖又は分枝鎖状アルキル鎖である、請求項1又は8に記載のカプセルの集団。
- 式(I)について、MがSiであり、YがOR2であり、R2がエチル基である、請求項1に記載のカプセルの集団。
- 式(I)及び(II)の前駆体が、0.2~0.6の分岐度を有する、請求項1又は8に記載のカプセルの集団。
- 式(I)及び(II)の前駆体が、1~20のPDIを有する、請求項1又は8に記載のカプセルの集団。
- 式(I)の前駆体が、TEOS、TMOS、及びTBOSと組み合わされることができる、請求項1に記載のカプセルの集団。
- 前記カプセルが、0.1N/m~50N/mの平均公称壁張力を有する、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載のカプセルの集団。
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