JP7187822B2 - 電動車両 - Google Patents
電動車両 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7187822B2 JP7187822B2 JP2018103719A JP2018103719A JP7187822B2 JP 7187822 B2 JP7187822 B2 JP 7187822B2 JP 2018103719 A JP2018103719 A JP 2018103719A JP 2018103719 A JP2018103719 A JP 2018103719A JP 7187822 B2 JP7187822 B2 JP 7187822B2
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- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
- B60L15/2018—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking for braking on a slope
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/32—Driving direction
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/423—Torque
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/60—Navigation input
- B60L2240/64—Road conditions
- B60L2240/642—Slope of road
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
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- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
- B60Y2300/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60Y2300/18008—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
- B60Y2300/181—Hill climbing or descending
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
- B60Y2300/91—Battery charging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Description
図1は、この実施の形態に従う電動車両の全体構成を示す図である。なお、以下では、電動車両がエンジンを搭載しない電気自動車(EV)である場合について代表的に説明されるが、本開示に従う電動車両は、エンジンを搭載するハイブリッド自動車(HV)であってもよい。
図2は、登坂路において電動車両1のずり下がりが生じている様子を示す図である。図2を参照して、登坂方向の車両駆動トルクが登坂に必要とされるトルクよりも小さい場合、電動車両1は降坂方向へ後退する(ずり下がり状態)。このずり下がり状態においては、MG40の出力トルクは、車両を前進させる方向(以下「正方向」とする。)であるのに対し、MG40の回転方向は、車両が後退する方向(以下「負方向」とする。)となる。
上記の実施の形態では、MG40や電動エアコン55を用いた放電処理が行なわれるものとしたが、蓄電装置10からDC/DCコンバータ60を通じて補機70へ給電することで蓄電装置10を放電させてもよい。補機70の補機バッテリに充電の余裕がある場合には、蓄電装置10から放電された電力を捨てることなく補機バッテリに蓄えることができる。
上記の実施の形態及び変形例1では、高SOC状態でシステム停止が要求されると、直ちに放電処理が行なわれるものとしたが、蓄電装置は、高SOC状態になると直ちに劣化が促進されるものでもなく、高SOC状態で長時間放置されると劣化が促進される。そこで、この変形例2では、高SOC状態でシステム停止が要求された場合、時間をおいてから放電処理が実行され、放電処理が実行される前にシステムが起動されたときは、放電処理を実行しない。これにより、高SOC状態で長時間放置されることによる劣化の促進を抑制しつつ、システム停止後短時間でシステムが起動されたときは、蓄電装置に蓄えられた電力をシステム起動後の走行等に有効利用することができる。
この変形例3では、高SOC状態でシステム停止が要求された場合、ナビゲーション装置95により取得される現在位置に基づいて放電処理を実行するか否かが判断される。たとえば、自宅や会社等でシステム停止が要求されるような場合は、システム停止後の長時間の停車が予想される。一方、コンビニエンスストアの駐車場等でシステム停止が要求されるような場合は、システム停止後短時間でシステム起動が再度行なわれることが予想される。
Claims (5)
- 電動車両であって、
蓄電装置と、
前記蓄電装置に蓄えられた電力を用いて走行トルクを発生可能であり、かつ、前記蓄電装置を充電するための電力を発生可能に構成されたモータジェネレータと、
前記蓄電装置のSOCが所定の制御上限を超えないように前記蓄電装置の充電を制御する制御装置とを備え、
前記蓄電装置は、
複数のセルと、
前記複数のセルの各々を個別に放電可能に構成され、前記複数のセルの蓄電量を均等化するための均等化回路とを含み、
前記制御装置は、
登坂路において前記モータジェネレータが登坂方向の走行トルクを発生しつつ前記電動車両が降坂方向へ移動する場合には、前記SOCが前記制御上限を超える充電を許容し、
前記SOCが前記制御上限を超える充電を許容したことにより前記SOCが前記制御上限を超えている場合に、前記電動車両のパワースイッチが操作されることによって前記電動車両の停止が要求されたとき、前記停止が要求されてから所定時間の経過後に前記蓄電装置を放電させる放電処理を実行し、
前記所定時間の経過前に、前記パワースイッチが操作されることによって前記電動車両の起動が要求された場合には、前記放電処理を実行せず、
前記SOCが前記制御上限を超える充電を許容したことにより前記SOCが前記制御上限を超えた状態において、前記パワースイッチの操作による前記電動車両の停止が要求されないときは、前記放電処理を実行せず、
前記放電処理は、前記均等化回路を作動させる処理、又は前記蓄電装置から電力を受ける電気機器を作動させることで前記蓄電装置を放電させる処理である、電動車両。 - 電動車両であって、
蓄電装置と、
前記蓄電装置に蓄えられた電力を用いて走行トルクを発生可能であり、かつ、前記蓄電装置を充電するための電力を発生可能に構成されたモータジェネレータと、
前記蓄電装置のSOCが所定の制御上限を超えないように前記蓄電装置の充電を制御する制御装置と、
地図情報を有するナビゲーション装置とを備え、
前記蓄電装置は、
複数のセルと、
前記複数のセルの各々を個別に放電可能に構成され、前記複数のセルの蓄電量を均等化するための均等化回路とを含み、
前記制御装置は、
登坂路において前記モータジェネレータが登坂方向の走行トルクを発生しつつ前記電動車両が降坂方向へ移動する場合には、前記SOCが前記制御上限を超える充電を許容し、
前記SOCが前記制御上限を超える充電を許容したことにより前記SOCが前記制御上限を超えている場合に、前記電動車両のパワースイッチが操作されることによって前記電動車両の停止が要求されたとき、前記ナビゲーション装置から前記電動車両の現在位置の情報を取得し、
前記現在位置が、前記パワースイッチの操作による前記電動車両の停止後に長時間の停車が予想される位置として予め設定された位置である場合に、前記蓄電装置を放電させる放電処理を実行し、
前記現在位置が前記設定された位置でない場合には、前記放電処理を実行せず、
前記SOCが前記制御上限を超える充電を許容したことにより前記SOCが前記制御上限を超えた状態において、前記パワースイッチの操作による前記電動車両の停止が要求されないときは、前記放電処理を実行せず、
前記放電処理は、前記均等化回路を作動させる処理、又は前記蓄電装置から電力を受ける電気機器を作動させることで前記蓄電装置を放電させる処理である、電動車両。 - 前記制御装置は、登坂路において前記モータジェネレータが登坂方向の走行トルクを発生しつつ前記電動車両が降坂方向へ移動する場合に、前記蓄電装置が受入可能な電力の最大値を示す許容充電電力による前記蓄電装置の充電の制限を解除する、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の電動車両。
- 前記蓄電装置と前記電気機器との間に設けられるシステムリレーをさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、前記パワースイッチの操作に応じて前記システムリレーがオフされた後、前記均等化回路を作動させる処理を実行する、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の電動車両。 - 前記制御装置は、前記パワースイッチの操作に応じて前記システムリレーがオフされるまでは、前記電気機器を作動させることで前記蓄電装置を放電させる処理を実行する、請求項4に記載の電動車両。
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