JP7006662B2 - 排ガス浄化フィルタ - Google Patents
排ガス浄化フィルタ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7006662B2 JP7006662B2 JP2019130426A JP2019130426A JP7006662B2 JP 7006662 B2 JP7006662 B2 JP 7006662B2 JP 2019130426 A JP2019130426 A JP 2019130426A JP 2019130426 A JP2019130426 A JP 2019130426A JP 7006662 B2 JP7006662 B2 JP 7006662B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- gas purification
- filter
- cell
- purification filter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 85
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 100
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 39
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009924 canning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001316 polygonal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
フィルタ軸方向(Y)に延びる複数のセル(21、21a、21b)と、上記複数のセルを格子状に区画形成する多孔質の隔壁(22)とから構成されるセル構造部(2)と、
上記セル構造部における上記セルの両端(211、222)を互い違いに閉塞する封止部(11)と、
上記セル構造部の外周に形成された筒状のスキン部(12)と、を有し、
上記隔壁の気孔率が50~70%であり、
上記スキン部の厚みTが0.3~1.0mmであり、
上記セルの外縁(213)が上記隔壁の交差位置(225)で丸みを帯びており、上記交差位置での曲率半径Rが0.02~0.6mmであり、
上記フィルタ軸方向における、上記排ガス浄化フィルタの外形寸法の変化度合であるゆがみ度δが0を超え、1.5mm以下であり、
下記式Iで表される構造変数Xが0.05~6であり、
上記フィルタ軸方向と直交する平面での、上記セルの断面形状が四角形であり、上記セルの水力直径dと上記曲率半径Rとが、下記式IIの関係を満足する、排ガス浄化フィルタにある。
X=T×R/δ ・・・式I
R≦0.5×d/2 ・・・式II
排ガス浄化フィルタ1に係る実施形態について、図1~図6を参照して説明する。本明細書において、「~」を用いてその前後に数値又は物性値を挟んで表現する場合には、その前後の値を含む範囲であることを意味する。図1~図3に示すように、排ガス浄化フィルタ1は、セル構造部2と、封止部11と、スキン部12とを有する。セル構造部2、スキン部12は、コージェライトなどのセラミックスから構成される。
X=T×R/δ ・・・式I
R≦0.5×d/2 ・・・式II
SA<SB ・・・式III
PA>PB ・・・式IV
まず、実験例において用いる各種測定方法について説明する。なお、実験例以降において用いた符号のうち、既出の実施形態において用いた符号と同一のものは、特に示さない限り、既出の実施形態におけるものと同様の構成要素等を表す。
アイソスタティック強度試験は、社団法人自動車技術会発行の自動車規格(つまり、JASO)M505-87に基づいて測定する。図7に示すように、排ガス浄化フィルタ1の軸方向Yの両端面に厚さ20mmのアルミニウム板51、52を当接して両端面18、19を密閉し、スキン部12の表面に厚さ2mmのゴム53を密着させた。この排ガス浄化フィルタ1を圧力容器に入れ、圧力容器内に水を導入し、スキン部12の表面から静水圧を加えた。排ガス浄化フィルタ1が破壊した時の圧力をアイソスタティック強度とする。
排ガス浄化フィルタ1を2.0Lのガソリン直噴エンジンの排気管内に取り付け、吸入空気量(Ga)が100g/sとなる状態(定常)にした。そして、排ガス浄化フィルタ1内にPMを含む排ガスを流した。このとき、排ガス浄化フィルタ1の前後の圧力を測定し、その差分を圧損として計測した。
まず、排ガス浄化フィルタ1から、図8(a)、(b)に示すように測定サンプルS1、S2を採取した。具体的には、排ガス浄化フィルタ1におけるフィルタ軸方向Yと直交方向(具体的には、径方向)の中心部から半径方向に30mmの範囲から5本の測定サンプルS2を採取し、フィルタ軸方向Yと直交方向の最外周から半径方向に30mmの範囲から5本の測定サンプルS1を採取した。図8(a)に示すように、最外周から半径方向に30mmの範囲からは、スキン部12を含む測定サンプルS1を採取する。測定サンプルS1、S2は、幅方向に4セル分、厚み方向に2セル分のセル21を含む。測定サンプルS1、S2のフィルタ軸方向Yの長さは50mmであり、測定サンプルはブロック体である。
材料強度(MPa)=曲げモーメント(N・mm)/断面係数(mm3)
曲げモーメント(N・mm)=荷重(N)×4点曲げ試験の支点間距離(mm)/4
図3に示されるように、曲率半径は、隔壁22の交差位置225におけるセル21の丸みを帯びた部分に隣接する最大円の半径Rである。図11に示すように、測定箇所は、フィルタ軸方向Yと直交する方向での中心部O、この中心部Oからそれぞれ45度方向の位置にあり、かつ、中心部Oとスキン部12との距離の半分の位置にある4箇所の位置である。つまり、測定位置は計5箇所である。各測定位置において、1つの交差位置225に形成される4つの曲率半径を測定した。つまり、合計20箇所の曲率半径を測定した。これらの平均値を、隔壁22の交差位置225での曲率半径とする。
水力直径は、流体の流れる管内の内径を指す。排ガス浄化フィルタの断面四角形状のセルのように流路断面が円形でないときには、水力直径dは、セルの断面積Aとセルの断面長Lとから、次の式VIから算出される。なお、セルの断面形状が四角形の場合には、断面長Lは、四角形の各辺の総和であり、セルの断面形状で丸みを帯びた頂点を、丸みを帯びていない直角な頂点とみなして、各辺の長さを測定する。測定位置は、上述の曲率半径Rに準ずる。
D=4A/L ・・・式VI
フィルタの軸方向Yの端面(流入端面18又は流出端面19)におけるスキン部12の厚みを8箇所について測定した。スキン部12の厚みTは、8箇所での厚みの平均値である。測定には、工具顕微鏡を用いた。測定位置は、フィルタ軸方向Yと直交方向での中心部Oから格子方向に沿ってスキン部12に向けて引いた線のスキン部12との4つの交点、中心部Oから格子方向と45°傾いた方向に沿ってスキン部12に向けて引いた線のスキン部12との4つの交点である。つまり、測定位置は、合計8箇所であり、図12における8箇所の破線の円印内である。
レーザー測定装置を用いて、両端面(流入端面18及び流出端面19)からそれぞれフィルタ軸方向Yの内側に5mmの位置、フィルタ軸方向Yの中央位置において、排ガス浄化フィルタ1の外周の半径寸法を測定した。これにより、図13に例示される排ガス浄化フィルタ1の外周の半径寸法図が得られる。3箇所の半径寸法図における最大半径と最小半径との差をゆがみ度とする。なお、図13では、流入端面18から5mmの位置での半径寸法がH、中央位置における半径寸法がM、流出端面19から5mmの位置での半径寸法がLで表されている。図13に示される半径寸法図は、ゆがみが少ないほど真円に近づき、ゆがみがない場合には真円となる。
排ガス浄化フィルタ1の隔壁22における気孔率を、水銀圧入法の原理を用いた水銀ポロシメータにより測定した。水銀ポロシメータとしては、島津製作所社製のオートポアIV9500を用いた。測定条件は、以下の通りである。
気孔率(%)=総気孔容積/(総気孔容積+1/コージェライトの真比重)×100
本例では、製造条件を変えて、複数の排ガス浄化フィルタ1を製造した。排ガス浄化フィルタ1は、軸方向Yの長さLが120mm、直径Φが118mm、セル21の断面形状が四角形、隔壁22の厚さが0.2mm、セルピッチが1.47mm、気孔率が64%である。排ガス浄化フィルタ1について、スキン部12の厚みT、交差位置225での曲率半径R、ゆがみ度δ、圧損、アイソスタティック強度をそれぞれ測定した。また、式Iに基づいて、構造変数Xを算出した。その結果を表1~表8、図14、図15に示す。
本例では、隔壁22の交差位置225での曲率半径Rの異なる複数の排ガス浄化フィルタ1を製造した。排ガス浄化フィルタ1は、軸方向Yの長さLが100mm、直径Φが118mm、隔壁厚さが0.2mmであり、セル21の断面形状が四角形、セルピッチが1.47mm、気孔率が63%である。排ガス浄化フィルタ1について、曲率半径R、圧損を測定した。曲率半径Rと圧損との関係を図16に示す。
したがって、式II:R≦0.5×d/2を満足すれば、圧損をより低減することができる。
本例では、セル構造部2とスキン部12とで、材料強度、気孔率が異なる複数の排ガス浄化フィルタ1を製造した。排ガス浄化フィルタ1は、軸方向Yの長さLが100mm、直径Φが118mm、隔壁厚さが0.2mmであり、セル21の断面形状が四角形、セルピッチが1.47mmである。排ガス浄化フィルタ1について、材料強度、アイソスタティック強度、気孔率を測定した。材料強度とアイソスタティック強度との関係を図17に示し、気孔率と材料強度との関係を図18に示す。
11 封止部
12 スキン部
2 セル構造部
21 セル
22 隔壁
225 交差位置
Claims (3)
- ガソリンエンジン(E)の排気通路(A)に配置される排ガス浄化フィルタ(1)であって、
フィルタ軸方向(Y)に延びる複数のセル(21、21a、21b)と、上記複数のセルを格子状に区画形成する多孔質の隔壁(22)とから構成されるセル構造部(2)と、
上記セル構造部における上記セルの両端(211、222)を互い違いに閉塞する封止部(11)と、
上記セル構造部の外周に形成された筒状のスキン部(12)と、を有し、
上記隔壁の気孔率が50~70%であり、
上記スキン部の厚みTが0.3~1.0mmであり、
上記セルの外縁(213)が上記隔壁の交差位置(225)で丸みを帯びており、上記交差位置での曲率半径Rが0.02~0.6mmであり、
上記フィルタ軸方向における、上記排ガス浄化フィルタの外形寸法の変化度合であるゆがみ度δが0を超え、1.5mm以下であり、
下記式Iで表される構造変数Xが0.05~6であり、
上記フィルタ軸方向と直交する平面での、上記セルの断面形状が四角形であり、上記セルの水力直径dと上記曲率半径Rとが、下記式IIの関係を満足する、排ガス浄化フィルタ。
X=T×R/δ ・・・式I
R≦0.5×d/2 ・・・式II - 上記セル構造部の材料強度SAと、上記スキン部の材料強度SBとが、下記式IIIの関係を満足する、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化フィルタ。
SA<SB ・・・式III - 上記セル構造部の気孔率PAと、上記スキン部の気孔率PBとが、下記式IVの関係を満足する、請求項1又は2に記載の排ガス浄化フィルタ。
PA>PB ・・・式IV
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