JP6911019B2 - Egfr−tki耐性を獲得した肺癌の治療薬 - Google Patents
Egfr−tki耐性を獲得した肺癌の治療薬 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6911019B2 JP6911019B2 JP2018518334A JP2018518334A JP6911019B2 JP 6911019 B2 JP6911019 B2 JP 6911019B2 JP 2018518334 A JP2018518334 A JP 2018518334A JP 2018518334 A JP2018518334 A JP 2018518334A JP 6911019 B2 JP6911019 B2 JP 6911019B2
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Description
(1)一般式(I)で示される化合物又はその薬理学的に許容される塩を有効成分とするEGFR遺伝子変異陽性の非小細胞肺癌治療薬。
(3)前記EGFR遺伝子変異陽性の非小細胞肺癌がEGFRの797位の変異を有する癌である(1)又は(2)記載の非小細胞肺癌治療薬。
(4)前記非小細胞肺癌がEGFRの797位、及び790位に変異を有する癌である(1)〜(3)いずれか1つに記載の非小細胞肺癌治療薬。
(5)抗EGFR抗体と併用投与される(1)〜(4)いずれか1つ記載の非小細胞肺癌治療薬。
(6)EGFR遺伝子変異陽性の非小細胞肺癌において、EGFRの797位の変異を検出する一般式(I)で示される化合物又はその薬理学的に許容される塩を有効成分とする医薬の有効性を検査する方法。
(8)前記EGFRの797位の変異の検出が、核酸、及び/又はタンパク質を検出するものであることを特徴とする(6)又は(7)記載の前記医薬の有効性を検査する方法。
(9)前記核酸の検出が、PCRによるものであり、前記タンパク質の検出が、抗体によるものである(8)記載の前記医薬の有効性を検査する方法。
(10)EGFRの797位の変異を検出するPCRプライマー、又は抗体を含む一般式(I)で示される化合物又はその薬理学的に許容される塩を有効成分とする医薬の有効性検査キット。
(12)EGFRのエクソン19の欠失変異、L858Rの変異、及びT790Mの変異を検出するPCRプライマー、又は抗体をさらに含む(10)又は(11)に記載する医薬の有効性検査キット。
また、以下の非小細胞肺癌の治療方法に関する。
(13)EGFR遺伝子変異陽性の非小細胞肺癌の治療方法であって、EGFRの797位の変異を検出し、下記一般式(I)で示される化合物又はその薬理学的に許容される塩を有効成分とする医薬と、抗EGFR抗体とを併用することを特徴とする治療方法。
(15)前記抗EGFR抗体が、セツキシマブ、パニツムマブ、又はネシツムマブである(13)又は(14)記載の非小細胞肺癌治療法。
以下、データを示しながら本発明について説明する。
≪EGFR変異体、及び変異体発現細胞株の作製≫
前述のように、EGFR遺伝子変異陽性の非小細胞肺癌は、エクソン19の欠失、あるいはL858Rの変異がほとんどであり、併せて全体の80%以上を占める。そこで、エクソン19の欠失変異、L858R点突然変異を有する細胞株を作製して解析を行った。
T790M R:GAAGGGCATGAGCTGCATGATGAGCTGCACGG(配列番号2)
C797S F:CATGCCCTTCGGCTCCCTCCTGGAGCTA(配列番号3)
C797S R:TAGTCCAGGAGGGAGCCGAAGGGCATG(配列番号4)
Ba/F3細胞に、肺癌と同様にEGFRのエクソン19に欠失変異を有し、さらにC797Sの変異を導入した細胞株(BaF3 C797S/del19)、また、第1世代の医薬の耐性として出現する点突然変異である790位のスレオニンからメチオニンへの変異であるT790Mを導入した変異株(BaF3 T790M/del19)、第3世代の医薬の耐性として出現する点突然変異である797位のシステインがセリンに変異したC797S変異をさらに導入した変異株(BaF3 C797S/T790M/del19)を用いて、C797S変異を有する細胞株の増殖を阻害する薬剤のスクリーニングを行った。
上記のスクリーニングの結果、ブリガチニブがC797S変異体発現細胞に対して増殖抑制効果を有することが明らかとなったので、ゲフィチニブ、アファチニブ、オシメルチニブ、本発明者らがC797S変異に対して有効であることを見出したブリガチニブの濃度を変えて処理を行い細胞の生存率を求めた。
肺癌においてEGFRエクソン19内のアミノ酸欠失変異とともに多く見られる変異として、EGFRの858位のアミノ酸であるロイシンがアルギニンへと置換された点突然変異L858Rがある。そこで、L858Rの変異に対する各薬剤の効果について解析を行った。
≪三重変異体に効果を奏する他のALK阻害剤の探索≫
ブリガチニブはALK阻害剤であることから、他のALK阻害剤が、ブリガチニブと同様の効果を有するか解析した。解析したALK阻害剤は、ブリガチニブに加えてその類縁体であるAP26113類縁体、AZD3463、TAE684、LDK378(ceritinib、セリチニブ)、ASP3026の6つの化合物である(図5)。
上記式(I)中、R1は次式(II)又は(III)で表される基であり、
これらの化合物であれば、ブリガチニブ、AP26113類縁体、AZD3463と同等の骨格を有するので、EGFR変異体に対してブリガチニブ等と同様の効果を示すものと考えられる。
≪ヒト肺癌由来細胞株PC9を用いた解析≫
ブリガチニブの細胞増殖に対する効果をEGFRの点突然変異や欠失変異以外の変異を有する細胞株を用いて解析した。用いた細胞株はEGFRが増幅しているA431、K−rasに変異を有するA549、H460を用いて解析を行った。A431はヒト類上皮細胞癌、A549、H460はヒト肺癌由来の細胞株である。なお、EGFRについては、A431は増幅しているものの変異はなく、A549、H460についてもEGFRには変異は認められない。
≪EGFR変異体を発現するBa/F3を移植したマウスを用いた検討≫
培養細胞系を用いた実験で示したC797Sに変異を有するEGFRに対するブリガチニブの効果が、in vivoでも同様に生じるか解析を行った。
PC9を親株とする細胞株について、同様にin vivoでブリガチニブの効果の確認を行った(図13)。PC9細胞に、エクソン19の欠失に加えてさらにT790Mの変異を有するEGFRを発現する細胞をBalb−c nu/nu マウスの皮下に移植し、腫瘍容積が平均200mm3に達した後、溶媒のみ、50mg/kg オシメルチニブ、又は75mg/kg ブリガチニブの3群、各5匹にランダムに分け、1日1回、強制経口投与を行った。腫瘍容積は上記と同様にして計測した。オシメルチニブは、腫瘍増殖に対して顕著な効果が見られた。ブリガチニブは、オシメルチニブほどの顕著な効果は見られないものの、溶媒のみを投与した群に比べて、明らかな腫瘍増殖抑制効果が見られた(図13A)。
≪セツキシマブ併用の効果≫
抗EGFR抗体はEGFRのリン酸化を抑制することから、EGFRに変異を有し、恒常的に活性化している腫瘍に対して効果があることが知られている。ブリガチニブの効果が抗EGFR抗体と相乗効果があるか検討を行った。
ブリガチニブ等との併用効果がセツキシマブ特有のものではないことを確認するために、EGFRの活性を阻害する他の抗EGFR抗体を用いて同様の解析を行った(図17)。C797S/T790M/del19の変異を有するEGFRを発現させたBa/F3細胞の培養液に、20μg/mlパニツムマブ(Panitumumab、武田薬品工業製)存在下、又は非存在下で、100nM ブリガチニブ、100nM AP26113類縁体、又は300nM オシメルチニブを添加し、細胞を培養し72時間後に細胞の生存率をCellTiter-Gloアッセイにより評価した。セツキシマブで検討した結果と同様に、20μg/mlの濃度では、パニツムマブ単独では細胞生存率に対して効果が得られないものの、ブリガチニブ、AP26113類縁体と併用した場合に、細胞生存率の著しい減少が見られた。また、オシメルチニブに対してはパニツムマブの併用効果は見られなかった(図17A)。
Claims (13)
- 前記化合物がブリガチニブ、AP26113類縁体、又はAZD3463である請求項1記載のEGFR遺伝子変異陽性の非小細胞肺癌治療薬。
- 前記非小細胞肺癌がEGFRの797位、及び790位に変異を有する癌である請求項1又は2に記載の非小細胞肺癌治療薬。
- 抗EGFR抗体と併用投与される請求項1〜3いずれか1項記載の非小細胞肺癌治療薬。
- 前記化合物がブリガチニブ、AP26113類縁体、又はAZD3463である請求項5に記載の医薬の有効性を検査する方法。
- 前記EGFRの797位の変異の検出が、
核酸、及び/又はタンパク質を検出するものであることを特徴とする請求項5又は6記載の前記医薬の有効性を検査する方法。 - 前記核酸の検出が、PCRによるものであり、
前記タンパク質の検出が、抗体によるものである請求項7記載の前記医薬の有効性を検査する方法。 - 前記有効成分に加えて、
抗EGFR抗体を併用する併用療法の有効性を検査するものである請求項5〜8いずれか1項記載の医薬の有効性を検査する方法。 - 前記化合物がブリガチニブ、AP26113類縁体、又はAZD3463である請求項10記載の医薬の有効性検査キット。
- 前記化合物に加え、
抗EGFR抗体との併用の有効性を検査する請求項10又は11記載の医薬の有効性検査キット。 - EGFRのエクソン19の欠失変異、L858Rの変異、及びT790Mの変異を検出するPCRプライマー、又は抗体をさらに含む請求項10〜12いずれか1項に記載する医薬の有効性検査キット。
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