JP6906583B2 - 半導体パワーモジュール - Google Patents
半導体パワーモジュール Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6906583B2 JP6906583B2 JP2019195737A JP2019195737A JP6906583B2 JP 6906583 B2 JP6906583 B2 JP 6906583B2 JP 2019195737 A JP2019195737 A JP 2019195737A JP 2019195737 A JP2019195737 A JP 2019195737A JP 6906583 B2 JP6906583 B2 JP 6906583B2
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- semiconductor
- power module
- semiconductor power
- semiconductor elements
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 181
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
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Description
更にはモジュール入力端子と、複数のチップ群の各々のチップ群入力端子との間を接続部材により接続するときの接続抵抗を、4つのチップ群の間で互いに近づけるように調整することができることが開示されている。したがって、モジュール入力端子と、複数のチップ群の各々のチップ群入力端子との間のインピーダンスを互いに近づけるように調整することができるので、複数のチップ群の各々のチップ群入力端子に送られるゲート信号の入力波形が乱れることを防止または抑制することができるようになっている。
また、同期整流方式を採用する場合、MOSFETでは寄生ダイオードを活用することがあるが、ダイオード通電時には許容電流密度による制約があり、電流が最も流れる半導体素子において、その制約を満たすよう半導体素子のサイズを決める必要がある。従って電流のばらつきを抑制することが重要となる。
上アームを構成する第一の半導体パワーモジュールと下アームを構成する第二の半導体パワーモジュールが接続された半導体パワーモジュールであって、
前記第一の半導体パワーモジュールは、
第一の電極と、
前記第一の電極の上面に接合される互いに並列に接続された複数の半導体素子と、
前記第一の電極を第一外部電気部品に接続するための電極端子と、
前記第一の電極の上面に接合された前記複数の半導体素子の上面に接合される第二の電極と、
前記第二の電極を第二外部電気部品に接続するための第二の電極延伸部と、
前記第一の電極の上面に接合された前記半導体素子に設けられた信号パッドと、
前記信号パッドとワイヤにより接続される信号端子を備えたものであり、
前記第二の半導体パワーモジュールは、
第五の電極と、
前記第五の電極の上面に接合される互いに並列に接続された複数の半導体素子と
前記第五の電極を前記第二外部電気部品に接続するための第三の電極端子と
前記第五の電極の上面に接合された前記複数の半導体素子の上面に接合されるとともに前記第一外部電気部品に接続するための2つの分岐部を有する第四の電極を備えたものであり、
前記第一の半導体パワーモジュールにおける前記電極端子と前記第二の半導体パワーモジュールにおける前記分岐部とが向き合うように隣接するとともに、
前記第一の半導体パワーモジュールにおける前記第二の電極延伸部と、前記第二の半導体パワーモジュールにおける前記第三の電極端子が一箇所で接続されているものである。
電力変換装置とは、電力を制御するためのスイッチング回路を有する装置であり、電動車両に搭載されているモータ駆動用インバータ、低電圧から高電圧へ変換するための昇圧コンバータ、更には外部電源設備に接続して車載電池を充電する充電器のような電動パワーコンポーネント等が電力変換装置に該当する。図1は電力変換装置の一例として挙げられるインバータ回路を示す回路図である。図において、モータ駆動用インバータは、U相、V相、W相の3つの相で構成されており、各相はそれぞれ上アーム101と下アーム102の2つのアーム、上アーム103と下アーム104の2つのアーム、更には上アーム105と下アーム106の2つのアームで構成されている。
各アームは、パワーモジュールで構成されており、内部に半導体素子を有している。半導体素子としては、MOSFET、IGBT、ダイオードが該当し、基材としては、シリコンの他に、炭化ケイ素、窒化ガリウムといった次世代半導体が使用されている。車両の電動化が進み、電動パワーコンポーネントの大出力化が求められるため、複数の半導体素子を並列に接続し、大電流を通電できる構成となっている。また炭化ケイ素、窒化ガリウムの製造歩留りを確保するため、各アームにおいて、外形サイズが小さい半導体素子を複数並列に接続する構成が採用されている。
第一の電極3に接合された半導体素子2a〜2d(ここではMOSFETとする)の下面、即ち第一の電極3に接合された面はドレイン側であり、ドレインにつながる電極端子4a、4bは、第一の電極3にはんだなどにより接合される。半導体素子2a〜2dの上面はソース側であり、プレート状の第二の電極5は複数の半導体素子2a〜2dのソース300に接合されている。接合材としてははんだ又は液相拡散接合材が使用される。ここですべての半導体素子2a〜2dの電流経路は、電極端子4a及び電極端子4bから、半導体素子2a〜2dのドレイン及びソース300を経由して、第二の電極端子部5bに流れるよう形成される。
温度検出を1つのモジュール内で行うことにより、複数のモジュールに対し1箇所で温度検出を行うよりも高精度で温度検出ができる。従って半導体素子の許容ジャンクション温度に対しての許容値を小さくすることができる。
電流検出についても、各アームに流れる電流は異なるため、1アーム毎に電流を検出し、過電流に対し保護を行うようにして、製品の品質を保つことが出来るようになる。
図6は実施の形態2による半導体パワーモジュールにおける下アームの構成を示す平面図であり、例えば図1の下アーム102のスイッチング素子Q2を構成する4つの半導体素子の並列構成体を示している。図7は図6におけるB−B線断面図である。下アーム1bの構成においては、半導体素子22a〜22dのソース301に接続される第四の電極12の延伸部が二つに分岐し、分岐部12a、12bを有しており、分岐部12a、12bはバッテリの負極に接続される。第三の電極端子11は放熱絶縁基板10(第五の電極)の上面、即ち半導体素子22a〜22dが接合される面と同一面に接続される。また第三の電極端子11は、上アームのソース電位である第二の電極端子部5b及びモータに接続される。図8は上アーム1aを構成する半導体パワーモジュール(第一の半導体パワーモジュール)と下アームを構成する半導体パワーモジュール(第二の半導体パワーモジュール)を接続した状態を示す平面図である。
そしてこのような調整は、実施の形態1の場合と同様、第四の電極12の形状で行うが、主として第四の電極12に設けられたスリット部12cの形状及びサイズを調整することにより行う。
サージ電圧は寄生インダクタンスとスイッチング速度の積で決まり、サージ電圧が半導体素子の耐圧を超えないようにスイッチング速度を調整する必要がある。寄生インダクタンスが小さくなると、スイッチング速度を上げることが可能になり、半導体素子のスイッチング損失の低減をできるようになる。
本実施形態においては、第一の半導体パワーモジュール1aにおける電極端子4a、4bと第二の半導体パワーモジュール1bにおける分岐部12a、12bとが向き合うように隣接するとともに、第一の半導体パワーモジュール1aにおける第二の電極延伸部5aと、第二の半導体パワーモジュール1bにおける第三の電極端子11が一箇所で接続されているものである。
更にパワーモジュールの接続先としては、モータを挙げているが、スイッチング時の損失が少ないSiCでは高周波駆動においても効果的であり、昇圧リアクトル用として本実施形態を使用しても、リアクトルの小型化を図ることが出来るため有効である。
更に本願は、様々な例示的な実施の形態及び実施例が記載されているが、1つ、または複数の実施の形態に記載された様々な特徴、態様、及び機能は特定の実施の形態の適用に限られるのではなく、単独で、または様々な組み合わせで実施の形態に適用可能である。
従って、例示されていない無数の変形例が、本願に開示される技術の範囲内において想定される。例えば、少なくとも1つの構成要素を変形する場合、追加する場合または省略する場合、さらには、少なくとも1つの構成要素を抽出し、他の実施の形態の構成要素と組み合わせる場合が含まれるものとする。
2a〜2d 半導体素子、3 第一の電極、4a,4b 電極端子、5 第二の電極、
5a 第二の電極延伸部、5b 第二の電極端子部、5c スリット部、6 信号端子、6G サーミスタ、10 放熱絶縁基板、11 第三の電極端子、
12a,12b 分岐部、201 ワイヤ。
Claims (14)
- 上アームを構成する第一の半導体パワーモジュールと下アームを構成する第二の半導体パワーモジュールが接続された半導体パワーモジュールであって、
前記第一の半導体パワーモジュールは、
第一の電極と、
前記第一の電極の上面に接合される互いに並列に接続された複数の半導体素子と、
前記第一の電極を第一外部電気部品に接続するための電極端子と、
前記第一の電極の上面に接合された前記複数の半導体素子の上面に接合される第二の電極と、
前記第二の電極を第二外部電気部品に接続するための第二の電極延伸部と、
前記第一の電極の上面に接合された前記半導体素子に設けられた信号パッドと、
前記信号パッドとワイヤにより接続される信号端子を備えたものであり、
前記第二の半導体パワーモジュールは、
第五の電極と、
前記第五の電極の上面に接合される互いに並列に接続された複数の半導体素子と
前記第五の電極を前記第二外部電気部品に接続するための第三の電極端子と
前記第五の電極の上面に接合された前記複数の半導体素子の上面に接合されるとともに前記第一外部電気部品に接続するための2つの分岐部を有する第四の電極を備えたものであり、
前記第一の半導体パワーモジュールにおける前記電極端子と前記第二の半導体パワーモジュールにおける前記分岐部とが向き合うように隣接するとともに、
前記第一の半導体パワーモジュールにおける前記第二の電極延伸部と、前記第二の半導体パワーモジュールにおける前記第三の電極端子が一箇所で接続されている半導体パワーモジュール。 - 前記第一の電極の上面に接合された前記複数の半導体素子のそれぞれにおいて、前記電極端子から前記半導体素子までの前記第一の電極における電流経路長さと、前記半導体素子から前記第二の電極延伸部の先端に設けられた第二の電極端子部までの前記第二の電極における電流経路長さの和が同一であるとともに、
前記第五の電極の上面に接合された前記複数の半導体素子のそれぞれにおいて、前記分岐部から前記半導体素子までの前記第四の電極における電流経路長さと、前記半導体素子から前記第三の電極端子までの前記第五の電極における電流経路の長さの和が同一である請求項1記載の半導体パワーモジュール。 - 前記第二の電極延伸部の両側に設けられたスリット部の形状及びサイズを調整することにより、前記第一の電極の上面に接合された前記複数の半導体素子のそれぞれにおいて、前記電極端子から前記半導体素子までの前記第一の電極における電流経路長さと、前記半導体素子から前記第二の電極端子部までの前記第二の電極における電流経路長さの和が同一になるようにするとともに、
前記第四の電極に設けられたスリット部の形状及びサイズを調整することにより、前記第五の電極の上面に接合された前記複数の半導体素子のそれぞれにおいて、前記分岐部から前記半導体素子のまでの前記第四の電極における電流経路長さと、前記半導体素子から前記第三の電極端子までの前記第五の電極における電流経路の長さの和が同一になるようにした請求項2記載の半導体パワーモジュール。 - 前記電極端子と前記第二の電極延伸部は同一の向きに引き出されるとともに、前記信号端子は、前記電極端子と前記第二の電極延伸部が引き出される前記向きとは逆方向に引き出される請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体パワーモジュール。
- 前記電極端子は二つの部材で構成されるとともに、二つの前記電極端子は、第二の電極を中心として、互いに対称の位置になるように配置される請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の半導体パワーモジュール。
- 前記半導体素子のうちの少なくとも1つに温度検出センサが実装されている請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体パワーモジュール。
- サーミスタが前記半導体素子のうちの少なくとも1つの上面または前記第二の電極の上面に実装されている請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体パワーモジュール。
- 前記半導体素子のうちの少なくとも1つに電流検出センサが実装されている請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の半導体パワーモジュール。
- 前記半導体素子のうちの少なくとも1つに電流検出センサが実装されているとともに、前記半導体素子のうちの少なくとも1つに温度検出センサが実装され、
前記温度検出センサを実装している前記半導体素子と、前記電流検出センサを実装している前記半導体素子は、前記第二の電極の中心線を隔てて互いに反対側に配置されている請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体パワーモジュール。 - 前記ワイヤは前記第二の電極に流れる電流の向きと直交するように配置されている請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の半導体パワーモジュール。
- 前記信号パッドは、前記半導体素子に最も近い位置にある前記第一の電極の外周辺と向き合うように配置されている請求項1から請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の半導体パワーモジュール。
- 前記半導体素子の構成部材をトランスファーモールドで封止する請求項1から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の半導体パワーモジュール。
- 前記第一の電極は銅−セラミック−銅の層からなる構成を有している請求項1から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の半導体パワーモジュール。
- 前記第五の電極は銅−セラミック−銅の層からなる構成を有している請求項1から請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の半導体パワーモジュール。
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JP2017162866A (ja) * | 2016-03-07 | 2017-09-14 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体装置 |
WO2017169693A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 半導体モジュール |
US9953917B1 (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-04-24 | General Electric Company | Electronics package with embedded through-connect and resistor structure and method of manufacturing thereof |
WO2018142864A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-09 | 富士電機株式会社 | 半導体モジュール、電気自動車およびパワーコントロールユニット |
JP6717270B2 (ja) | 2017-07-27 | 2020-07-01 | 株式会社デンソー | 半導体モジュール |
JP6836201B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-19 | 2021-02-24 | 株式会社デンソー | 電力変換装置 |
US11107761B2 (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2021-08-31 | Denso Corporation | Semiconductor device |
US10361147B1 (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2019-07-23 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Inverter power module lead frame with enhanced common source inductance |
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US20210125903A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
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