JP6980079B2 - 太陽電池 - Google Patents
太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6980079B2 JP6980079B2 JP2020186098A JP2020186098A JP6980079B2 JP 6980079 B2 JP6980079 B2 JP 6980079B2 JP 2020186098 A JP2020186098 A JP 2020186098A JP 2020186098 A JP2020186098 A JP 2020186098A JP 6980079 B2 JP6980079 B2 JP 6980079B2
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- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 162
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 101001073212 Arabidopsis thaliana Peroxidase 33 Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 101001123325 Homo sapiens Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 102100028961 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical compound [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 66
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 9
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013842 nitrous oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910004205 SiNX Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020286 SiOxNy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001505 atmospheric-pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005574 cross-species transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005685 electric field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular nitrogen;molecular oxygen Chemical compound N#N.O=O DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)=O XHXFXVLFKHQFAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009279 wet oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/02168—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties for the solar cells
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- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
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- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/056—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means the light-reflecting means being of the back surface reflector [BSR] type
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- H01L31/0682—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells back-junction, i.e. rearside emitter, solar cells, e.g. interdigitated base-emitter regions back-junction cells
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Description
一形態によれば、太陽電池を提供する。前記太陽電池は、半導体層と、前記半導体層の裏面に配置されるパッシベーション膜積層とを備える。前記パッシベーション膜積層は、前記半導体層の裏面に位置し、ケイ素原子濃度が5×1021/cm3〜2.5×1022/cm3のケイ素リッチ層で構成される第1パッシベーション層と、前記第1パッシベーション層の表面に位置し、酸素・窒素リッチ層で構成される第2パッシベーション層と、前記第2パッシベーション層の表面に位置し、屈折率が徐々に変化する少なくとも1層の窒化シリコン膜で構成される第3パッシベーション層とを有する。前記第1パッシベーション層の第1屈折率は、前記第2パッシベーション層の第2屈折率よりも大きく、前記第3パッシベーション層の第3屈折率よりも小さい。
好ましくは、前記第2パッシベーション層は、水素・ケイ素リッチの窒化酸化シリコン膜層又は炭化窒化酸化シリコン膜層を含む。
好ましくは、前記第1屈折率の範囲は、1.69〜1.90である。
好ましくは、前記第2屈折率の範囲は、1.5〜1.8である。
好ましくは、前記第3屈折率の範囲は、2.02〜2.12である。
好ましくは、前記第1パッシベーション層の厚さの範囲は、30〜60nmである。
好ましくは、前記第2パッシベーション層の厚さの範囲は、60〜90nmである。
好ましくは、前記第3パッシベーション層の厚さの範囲は、60〜100nmである。
ステップ201では、半導体層(例えば、半導体層1)をテクスチャ処理する。このステップにおいて、半導体層をテクスチャ処理するために、ウェットテクスチャリング法を使用してもよいがこれに限らない。例えば、半導体層が単結晶シリコンである場合、水酸化カリウム溶液などのアルカリ性溶液を使用してテクスチャ処理する。更に例えば、シリコン基板が多結晶シリコンである場合、フッ酸溶液などの酸性溶液を使用してテクスチャ処理する。
ステップS206では、前記半導体層の裏面に第1パッシベーション層を形成する。図3に示すように、前記半導体層301の裏面に第1パッシベーション層303を製造する。好ましくは、PECVDで前記第1パッシベーション層を製造し、反応物としてシラン(SiH4)、アンモニアガス(NH3)、笑気ガス(N2O)、窒素ガス(N2)を採用する。ただし、SiH4:(NH3+N2O)の流量比が1:15〜1:19、(NH3:N2O)の流量比が1:3〜1:6、電力が8000〜10000W、圧力が1150〜1450Pa、堆積温度が460〜540℃であってもよい。
図4に示すように、電池400は、P型のPERC電池であってもよい。電池400は、P型(P−type)の半導体層401、リンドープ拡散層402、半導体層の表面に位置する反射低減/パッシベーション層(シリカ層403と窒化シリコン層404を含む)、第1パッシベーション層405、第2パッシベーション層406、第3パッシベーション層407、表面電極408、裏面電極409とバスバー410を有する。前記第1、第2、第3パッシベーション層は、順に半導体層の裏面から外側に向かって配置される。
Claims (8)
- 太陽電池であって、
電気抵抗率が0.5〜3.5Ω・cmである半導体層と、
前記半導体層の表面に配置されて前記半導体層とともにPN接合を形成する拡散層と、
前記拡散層の表面に設けられるパッシベーション層と、
前記半導体層の裏面に設けられるパッシベーション膜積層とを備え、
前記パッシベーション膜積層は、少なくとも1層の窒化酸化シリコン膜と、屈折率が徐々に変化する少なくとも1層の窒化シリコン膜とを有し、
前記パッシベーション膜積層の全体の厚さは、160〜260nmであり、前記少なくとも1層の窒化酸化シリコン膜は、厚さが90〜150nmであり、前記少なくとも1層の窒化酸化シリコン膜は、ケイ素原子濃度が5×1021/cm3〜2.5×1022/cm3であり且つ厚さが30〜60nmである第1部分と、酸素・窒素リッチの第2部分とを含むことを特徴とする太陽電池。 - 前記窒化酸化シリコン膜の屈折率は、前記窒化シリコン膜の屈折率よりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記少なくとも1層の窒化シリコン膜は、全体の屈折率が2.02〜2.12の窒化シリコン積層であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記窒化シリコン積層における異なる膜層は、ケイ素元素と窒素元素との比(Si:N)が異なり、外側に近接するほど窒素元素の割合が高くなることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記窒化シリコン積層における異なる膜層は、屈折率が徐々に変化することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記半導体層は、P型基板又はN型基板を有し、厚さが160〜220μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記半導体層に電気的に接続される表面電極と裏面電極とを備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池。
- 前記太陽電池は、PERC太陽電池であることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の太陽電池。
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