JP6884423B2 - 免疫機能制御因子を発現する免疫担当細胞及び発現ベクター - Google Patents
免疫機能制御因子を発現する免疫担当細胞及び発現ベクター Download PDFInfo
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Description
(1)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子、インターロイキン7(IL−7)、及びCCL19を発現する免疫担当細胞。
(2)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子が、がん抗原を特異的に認識するT細胞受容体であることを特徴とする上記(1)記載の免疫担当細胞。
(3)免疫担当細胞がT細胞であることを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)記載の免疫担当細胞。
(4)がん抗原が、WT1、MART−1、NY−ESO−1、MAGE−A1、MAGE−A3、MAGE−A4、Glypican−3、KIF20A、Survivin、AFP−1、gp100、MUC1、PAP−10、PAP−5、TRP2−1、SART−1、VEGFR1、VEGFR2、NEIL3、MPHOSPH1、DEPDC1、FOXM1、CDH3、TTK、TOMM34、URLC10、KOC1、UBE2T、TOPK、ECT2、MESOTHELIN、NKG2D、P1A、GD2、又はGM2であることを特徴とする上記(1)〜(3)のいずれか1つに記載の免疫担当細胞。
(5)上記(1)〜(4)のいずれか1つに記載の免疫担当細胞を作製するための以下の(a)〜(e)のいずれかの発現ベクター。
(a)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸、IL−7をコードする核酸、及びCCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター:
(b)以下の(b−1)及び(b−2)の2つの発現ベクター:
(b−1)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(b−2)IL−7をコードする核酸、及びCCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(c)以下の(c−1)及び(c−2)の2つの発現ベクター:
(c−1)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸、及びIL−7をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(c−2)CCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(d)以下の(d−1)及び(d−2)の2つの発現ベクター:
(d−1)IL−7をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(d−2)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸、及びCCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(e)以下の(e−1)、(e−2)及び(e−3)の3つの発現ベクター:
(e−1)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(e−2)IL−7をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(e−3)CCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(6)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子が、がん抗原を特異的に認識するT細胞受容体であることを特徴とする上記(5)記載の発現ベクター。
(7)(a)の発現ベクターにおける、がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸、IL−7をコードする核酸、及び、CCL19をコードする核酸、
(b−2)の発現ベクターにおける、IL−7をコードする核酸、及びCCL19をコードする核酸、
(c−1)の発現ベクターにおける、がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸、及びIL−7をコードする核酸、又は
(d−2)の発現ベクターにおける、がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸、及びCCL19をコードする核酸、
が自己切断型ペプチドを介して連結されていることを特徴とする上記(5)又は(6)記載の発現ベクター。
(8)自殺遺伝子をコードする核酸を含有することを特徴とする上記(5)〜(7)のいずれか1つに記載の発現ベクター。
(9)上記(1)〜(4)のいずれか1つに記載の免疫担当細胞と、薬学的に許容される添加剤とを含有する抗がん剤。
(a)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸、IL−7をコードする核酸、及びCCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター:
(b)以下の(b−1)及び(b−2)の2つの発現ベクター:
(b−1)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(b−2)IL−7をコードする核酸、及びCCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(c)以下の(c−1)及び(c−2)の2つの発現ベクター:
(c−1)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸、及びIL−7をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(c−2)CCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(d)以下の(d−1)及び(d−2)の2つの発現ベクター:
(d−1)IL−7をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(d−2)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸、及びCCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(e)以下の(e−1)、(e−2)及び(e−3)の3つの発現ベクター:
(e−1)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(e−2)IL−7をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(e−3)CCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
T細胞の機能を制御できる分子は少なくとも生体内に数百種類も存在する。発明者らは、免疫担当細胞における更なる免疫機能制御効果を高めるための制御分子として、これまでの知見や経験に基づき、膨大な組み合わせの中からまずはIL−7とCCL19を選択し、かつ、それぞれ単独ではなく2つの組み合わせ、すなわちIL−7とCCL19との組み合わせを選択し、かかる免疫担当細胞の免疫機能制御因子を発現するベクターを作製した。
抗FITC scFv、マウスCD8膜貫通領域、マウスCD28−4−1BB−CD3ζ細胞内シグナルモチーフからなる抗FITC CARをコードする抗FITC CAR DNA断片(配列番号9)、配列番号8に示す2Aペプチド(F2A)と、該ペプチドに続く制限酵素サイト(MCS)をコードするF2A−MCS DNA断片(配列番号10)、マウスIL−7(ストップコドン無し)と、それに続くF2AとマウスCCL19をコードするIL−7−F2A−CCL19 DNA断片(配列番号11)を人工合成した(ライフテクノロジー社製)。
マウスT細胞の形質導入のために、レトロウイルスを作製した。リポフェクタミン2000又は3000(ライフテクノロジー社製)を用い、上述のIL−7×CCL19発現ベクター(1)又はコントロールベクター(1)と、pCL−Ecoプラスミド(Imgenex社製)をGP2−293パッケージング細胞株(タカラバイオ社製)にトランスフェクションすることで、IL−7×CCL19発現ベクター(1)又はコントロールベクター(1)を導入したレトロウイルスを作製した。
マウスT細胞の形質導入のため、脾臓及びリンパ節由来の3×106個の精製したマウスT細胞を、固層化した抗CD3mAb(3μg/ml)及びIL−2(100IU/ml)で48時間活性化した。次に、上述で作製したIL−7×CCL19発現ベクター(1)又はコントロールベクター(1)を導入したレトロウイルスを含有する上清を、25μg/mlのレトロネクチン(登録商標:タカラバイオ社製)でコートしたプレートで活性化させた上述のマウスT細胞(1×106cells/ml)と混合し、1500rpmで2時間遠心後、IL−2(100IU/ml)の存在下で6時間培養した。培養液からレトロウイルスを除去するため、マウスT細胞を回収し、IL−2(100IU/ml)を含有する新しい増殖培養液(RPMI)に移し、さらに42時間培養し、IL−7×CCL19発現ベクター(1)を導入したマウスT細胞(IL−7/CCL19発現T細胞(1))又はコントロールベクター(1)を導入したマウスT細胞(コントロールT細胞(1))を得た。
上記におけるIL−7×CCL19発現ベクター(1)の作製において、配列番号9に示す配列に含まれる抗FITC scFv領域の配列を、リツキシマブの配列に基づきライフテクノロジー社が合成した抗ヒトCD20 scFv(配列番号12)の配列に置換した以外は上記「IL−7及びCCL19を発現する発現ベクターの作製−1」と同様の方法で、抗ヒトCD20 CAR−F2A−IL−7−F2A−CCL19を含むpMSGVベクター(IL−7×CCL19発現ベクター(2))を作製した。同様に、上記におけるにおけるコントロールベクター(1)の作製において、配列番号9に示す配列に含まれる抗FITC scFv領域の配列を、上記抗ヒトCD20 scFv(配列番号12)の配列に置換した以外は上記「IL−7及びCCL19を発現する発現ベクターの作製−1」と同様の方法で、IL−7及びCCL19を含まないpMSGVベクター(コントロールベクター(2))を作製した。かかるIL−7×CCL19発現ベクター(2)又はコントロールベクター(2)を、上記と同様の方法でレトロウイルスを用いてマウスT細胞へ導入して、IL−7/CCL19発現T細胞(2)又はコントロールT細胞(2)を作製した。
IL−7/CCL19発現T細胞により産生されるIL−7やCCL19が生物的な機能を発揮し、免疫誘導効果を示すか否かについて検討した。作製したIL−7/CCL19発現T細胞(2)(4×105個)又はコントロールT細胞(2)を含有するサンプルを5日間培養した。上記培養は、IL−7及びCCL19の発現においてヒトCD20 CARによる影響を排除するため、CD20による抗原刺激なしで行った。次に、トリパンブルーによって細胞数と生存率を調べた。結果を図2A,図2Bに示す。図2Aは細胞数、図2Bは生存率であり、黒カラムIL−7/CCL19発現T細胞、白カラムはコントロールT細胞を示す。
図2A,図2Bに示すように、IL−7/CCL19発現T細胞(2)においてはコントロールT細胞(2)と比較して細胞数がおよそ5倍、生存率はおよそ2倍高くなっていた。したがって、本発明の発現ベクターをT細胞に導入したIL−7/CCL19発現T細胞を用いることで、IL−7やCCL19が生物的な機能を発揮し、免疫誘導効果を示すことが明らかとなった。
(IL−7/CCL19発現T細胞によるT細胞遊走試験)
トランスウェルを用いた細胞遊走試験により、CCL19の遊走惹起効果を検討した。応答側T細胞の遊走性は96ウェルのトランスウェル(登録商標)チャンバー(Cornig Costar社製)を用い、孔径5μmのポリカーボネートフィルターを通して遊走させることによって測定した。具体的には、チャンバーの下層でIL−7/CCL19発現T細胞(1)又はコントロールT細胞(1)を培養した。上記培養は、IL−7及びCCL19の発現においてFITC CARによる影響を排除するため、FITCによる抗体刺激なしで行った。応答側T細胞は、MACS(Miltenyi Biotec社製)のネガティブ選択によって、脾臓やリンパ節から調製した。応答側T細胞はCytoTell blue(AAT Bioquest社製)でラベルし、上層で3時間培養した。チャンバーの上層から下層への遊走はフローサイトメトリー(EC800:ソニー社製)で調べ、データ解析はFlowJoソフトウェア(Tree Star社製)を用いた。結果を図3に示す。図3中、黒カラムはIL−7/CCL19発現T細胞(1)、白カラムはコントロールT細胞(1)を示し、縦軸は下層のチャンバーに遊走した応答側T細胞の絶対数を示す。また、統計学的有意差はStudent’s t-testにて検討した。
図3に示すように、IL−7/CCL19発現T細胞(1)は、コントロールT細胞(1)と比較しておよそ1.8倍ものT細胞を下層に遊走させた。T細胞等のリンパ球移入療法では、投与したT細胞によるがん細胞傷害はもちろん重要であるが、それに加えて、がん患者に元々存在する内在性T細胞(=宿主側免疫細胞)を活性化し、がん細胞を攻撃する細胞として動員することが重要である。このためには抗腫瘍活性を有するリンパ球を単に外部から移入するだけでなく、何らかの手法で、移入したT細胞と内在性T細胞の能動的な相互作用を惹起し、内在性T細胞をがん局所に集積するようにさせることが免疫治療効果を高める点で好ましい。図3の結果より、IL−7/CCL19発現T細胞(1)は、内因性T細胞を集積させる能力を有することから、移入したT細胞と内在性T細胞の能動的な相互作用を誘導することが可能であることが明らかとなった。
pMSGV1ベクターのマルチクローニングサイトにIL−7、CCL19及び自殺遺伝子であるHSV−TKの各遺伝子をコードする塩基配列を、自己切断型ペプチドである2Aペプチドをコードする塩基配列を挟んでタンデムに並べた塩基配列をクローニングすることでIL−7、CCL19、及びHSV−TKを発現するベクターを作製することができる。かかるベクターのマップを図4に示す。
pMSGV1ベクターのマルチクローニングサイトにTCR、IL−7及びCCL19の各遺伝子をコードする塩基配列を、自己切断型ペプチドである2Aペプチドをコードする塩基配列を挟んでタンデムに並べた塩基配列をクローニングすることでTCR、IL−7及びCCL19を発現するベクターを作製することができる。かかるベクターのマップを図5に示す。
マウスIL−7(ストップコドン無し)と、それに続くF2A、マウスCCL19をコードするIL−7−F2A−CCL19 DNA断片を人工合成した(ライフテクノロジー社製)。
Y.Liuから入手した、H−2Ld拘束性のP815腫瘍抗原P1A特異的なTCRを発現するトランスジェニックマウス(Sarma, S., Y. Guo, Y. Guilloux, C. Lee, X.-F.Bai, Y. Liu. 1999. J. Exp. Med. 189:811.)から脾臓細胞を採取し、脾臓細胞由来のP815腫瘍抗原P1A特異的なTCRを発現するマウスT細胞(P1A特異的TCR−T細胞)を得た。次に、実施例1と同様の方法で、IL−7×CCL19発現ベクター(3)及びコントロールベクター(3)を導入したレトロウイルスを作製し、上記P1A特異的TCR−T細胞を含む脾臓細胞(3×106個/ウェル)をP1Aペプチドで48時間活性化した細胞に形質導入して、P1A特異的TCR/IL−7/CCL19/eGFP発現T細胞又はP1A特異的TCR/eGFP発現T細胞を得た。各発現ベクターの形質導入はサロゲートマーカーとしてeGFPを検出するフローサイトメトリー解析によって確認した。得られたそれぞれのT細胞のeGFPの発現レベルは、いずれの実験においても70〜80%であった。
Claims (5)
- 以下の(a)〜(e)のいずれかの発現ベクターを免疫担当細胞に導入することを特徴とする、がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子、インターロイキン7(IL−7)、及びCCL19を発現する免疫担当細胞の作製方法。
(a)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸、IL−7をコードする核酸、及びCCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター:
(b)以下の(b−1)及び(b−2)の2つの発現ベクター:
(b−1)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(b−2)IL−7をコードする核酸、及びCCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(c)以下の(c−1)及び(c−2)の2つの発現ベクター:
(c−1)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸、及びIL−7をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(c−2)CCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(d)以下の(d−1)及び(d−2)の2つの発現ベクター:
(d−1)IL−7をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(d−2)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸、及びCCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(e)以下の(e−1)、(e−2)及び(e−3)の3つの発現ベクター:
(e−1)がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(e−2)IL−7をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター;
(e−3)CCL19をコードする核酸を含有する発現ベクター; - がん抗原を特異的に認識する細胞表面分子が、がん抗原を特異的に認識するT細胞受容体であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の免疫担当細胞の作製方法。
- 免疫担当細胞がT細胞であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の免疫担当細胞の作製方法。
- がん抗原が、WT1、MART−1、NY−ESO−1、MAGE−A1、MAGE−A3、MAGE−A4、Glypican−3、KIF20A、Survivin、AFP−1、gp100、MUC1、PAP−10、PAP−5、TRP2−1、SART−1、VEGFR1、VEGFR2、NEIL3、MPHOSPH1、DEPDC1、FOXM1、CDH3、TTK、TOMM34、URLC10、KOC1、UBE2T、TOPK、ECT2、MESOTHELIN、NKG2D、P1A、GD2、又はGM2であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の免疫担当細胞の作製方法。
- 発現ベクターが、レトロウイルス発現ベクターであることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の免疫担当細胞の作製方法。
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