JP6857605B2 - 重合油及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
重合油及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6857605B2 JP6857605B2 JP2017544645A JP2017544645A JP6857605B2 JP 6857605 B2 JP6857605 B2 JP 6857605B2 JP 2017544645 A JP2017544645 A JP 2017544645A JP 2017544645 A JP2017544645 A JP 2017544645A JP 6857605 B2 JP6857605 B2 JP 6857605B2
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- asphalt
- oil
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Description
本出願は、2015年2月27日に出願された米国特許出願第62/126,064号の利益を主張し、これは参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明の目的において、アスファルト、アスファルト結合材及び瀝青は、アスファルト舗装の結合相を意味する。瀝青材料は、アスファルト結合材と他の材料(例えば骨材またはフィラー)の配合物を意味する。本発明で使用する結合材は、アスファルトを生産する精製所、フラックス、精製所の真空塔底部、ピッチ及び真空塔底部処理の他の残留分、ならびに例えば再生アスファルト舗装(RAP)などの再利用された瀝青材料からの酸化及び劣化アスファルト及び再利用アスファルトシングル(RAS)から得た材料であり得る。
生物再生可能な油は、出発油材料として使用してよい。生物再生可能な油は、植物、動物及び藻から分離される油を含むことができる。
種々の態様において、生物再生可能な、あらかじめ改質または官能化された油の重合は、硫黄含有化合物を利用した生物再生可能な、あらかじめ改質もしくは官能化された油に含有される、脂肪酸鎖及び/またはトリグリセリド分子のグリセリド留分の架橋によって達成される。硫黄含有化合物の硫黄は、好ましくは還元体である。重合法は、(a)生物再生可能な、あらかじめ改質または官能化された油を加熱する工程と、(b)硫黄含有化合物を加熱した油に添加する工程と、(c)硫黄含有化合物を油と反応させる工程と、を含み、所望のポリマー分布(約2〜約80重量%のオリゴマー含有量を有する)、多分散指数(約1.30〜約2.20)、及び硫黄分(0.001重量%と約8重量%の間)を含む重合油を生成する。
約2重量%と約80重量%の間のオリゴマー(20重量%〜98重量%のモノマー)、より好ましくは約15重量%〜約60重量%の間のオリゴマー(40重量%〜85重量%のモノマー)、更により好ましくは約20重量%〜約60重量%の間のオリゴマー(40重量%〜80重量%のモノマー)を有する、ポリマー分布が得られるまで、硫黄含有化合物と、生物再生可能な、あらかじめ改質または官能化された油の間の反応は引き起こされる。更により好ましい態様において、ポリマー分布は、約50重量%〜約75重量%のオリゴマー及び約25重量%〜約50重量%のモノマーの範囲である。
一態様では、本発明は、60重量%〜99.9重量%のアスファルト結合材及び0.1重量%〜40重量%の重合油のブレンドを含む、改質アスファルトならびにその製造方法を提供し、油の重合は上述のように硫黄架橋により得られる。改質アスファルトは、道路舗装またはルーフィング用途のために使用できる。
瀝青の品質の低下は、アスファルト製品の品質を改善するために、化学改質剤の添加の必要性を高める。石油精製からの重鉱油は、最も一般的に使用されている改質剤である。これらの鉱油は、結合材を「可塑化する」ことによってアスファルト製品の低温限界を拡大するが、これはアスファルトの高温限界を低減する傾向もある。
アスファルトは、主に酸化及び揮発のメカニズムの組み合わせにより劣化する。劣化はアスファルト弾性率を上昇させて、粘性減衰及び応力緩和を減少させて、低い性能温度で脆性を増加させる。その結果、アスファルトは、亀裂及び損傷蓄積により影響されやすくなる。供給源(再生アスファルト舗装(RAP)及び再利用アスファルトシングル(RAS)など)からの非常に劣化したアスファルト結合材を含む、再利用及び再生瀝青材料の増加する利用は、劣化アスファルトのレオロジー及び破壊特性を、部分的にまたは完全に回復することが可能な「再生用添加剤」の必要性を生み出した。アスファルトの劣化は、更に結合し得る高分子量及び高極性不溶性の「アスファルテン」の含量を増加させることによって、コロイド不安定性及び相の非相溶性を増加させることも示した。本明細書に記載の重合油の使用は、特にRAP及びRAS用途に有用である。本明細書に記載の重合油は、特に劣化及び酸化アスファルト中で、アスファルト留分の相溶化剤として機能して、回復した性能及び耐久性を備えた均整がとれたかつ安定的なアスファルト結合材をもたらす。
アスファルトは多くの場合、熱可塑性エラストマー性及びプラストマー性ポリマー(スチレン−ブタジエン−スチレン(SBS)など)によって改質されて、高温弾性率及び弾性を増加させ、大量の交通荷重への抵抗を高め、及び反復性荷重による損傷蓄積に対するアスファルト基材の強靱化を高める。このようなポリマーは、通常アスファルトの3〜7重量%の分量で使用されて、180℃超の温度でアスファルト内に高剪断ブレンドされて、同程度の温度で「硬化」されて、その間、ポリマーは、連続体積相をアスファルトに得るまで、アスファルトの軽質留分の吸着によって膨潤する。
近年、舗装の増加する部分は、「中温化」アスファルト舗装を製造するための一般に「中温化添加剤」と呼ばれるものを使用して製造される。中温化舗装は、より低い製造温度で製造かつ固められることができて、目標混合密度を得るためにより少ない固め作業を必要とし、その結果、プラントから工事現場までのアスファルト混合物の最大運搬距離の増加を可能する低温で、固めるために必要な特性を保持できる。
沈降硫黄(6.5g〜56.5gの質量範囲)の分量を、650gの植物油を含む1リットル丸底フラスコに加える。それから反応容器は、加熱マントルを使用して、目標温度を5℃以上超えないように注意しながら、目標反応温度まで加熱される。反応混合物は、撹拌軸及びブレードを備えた電動撹拌機を使用して撹拌される。反応は、1時間当たり2〜12標準立方フィート(SCFH)で窒素によって連続的に散布される。コンデンサ及び受けフラスコは、あらゆる蒸留液も収集するために使用される。
改質アスファルト結合材は以下を含む。
・標準グレードPG64−22(及び「真」グレードPG64.88−24.7)で等級分けされる純(すなわち、非改質)アスファルト結合材97.0重量%。注意:真グレードとは、アスファルトが制御規格値に合致した正確な温度を表し、それは常に対応する標準グレードに合致し、それを上回る(すなわち、真高温グレードは常に標準高温グレードより高く、真低温グレードは常に標準低温グレードより低い)。
・窒素スパージ下160℃で5時間、硫黄元素3重量%と反応させた硫化精製パーム油3.0重量%。これにより、以下を有する改質材を得た。
・オリゴマー31.8%
・100℃で17.2cStの粘度
・多分散指数(PDI)約1.30
1UTI:有用温度域とは、AASHTO M320を使用して測定される、高温性能グレードと低温性能グレードの差。
2O−DSR:ASTM D7175及びAASHTO M320に続いて、動的剪断レオメーター(DSR)を使用して測定される、非劣化(「新しい」)アスファルト結合材の高温性能グレード。
3R−DSR:ASTM D7175及びAASHTO M320に続いて、動的剪断レオメーター(DSR)を使用して測定される、ローリング薄膜オーブン劣化(ASTM D2872後のRTFO)アスファルト結合材の高温性能グレード。
4S−BBR:ASTM D6648及びAASHTO M320に続いて、曲げビームレオメーターを用いて、ローリング薄膜オーブン(ASTM D2872)と加圧劣化試験機(ASTM D6521)の両方を連続使用してアスファルト結合材で測定される、クリープ剛性パラメータ(「S」)によって制御される、低温性能グレード。
5m−BBR:ASTM D6648及びAASHTO M320に続いて、曲げビームレオメーターを用いて、ローリング薄膜オーブン(ASTM D2872)と加圧劣化試験機(ASTM D6521)の両方を連続使用してアスファルト結合材で測定される、クリープ率パラメータ(「m」)によって制御される、低温性能グレード。
改質アスファルト結合材は以下を含む。
・PG64−22(真PG64.88−24.7)で等級分けされる純アスファルト結合材97.0重量%。
・窒素スパージ下160℃で20.5時間、硫黄元素4重量%と反応させた硫化精製パーム油3.0重量%。これにより、以下を有する改質材を得た。
・オリゴマー56.18%
・100℃で25.0cStの粘度
・PDI約1.50
改質アスファルト結合材は以下を含む。
・PG64−22(真PG64.88−24.7)で等級分けされる純アスファルト結合材97.0重量%。
・窒素スパージ下160℃で7時間、硫黄元素1.5重量%と反応させた硫化回収コーン油(RCO)3.0重量%。これにより、以下を有する改質材を得た。
・オリゴマー16.0%
・PDI約1.50
改質アスファルト結合材は以下を含む。
・PG64−22(真PG64.88−24.7)で等級分けされる純アスファルト結合材97.0重量%。
・窒素スパージ下160℃で6時間、硫黄元素6.0重量%と反応させた硫化回収コーン油(RCO)3.0重量%。これにより、以下を有する改質材を得た。
・オリゴマー50.3%
・40℃における粘度は270cSt
・PDI約2.19
改質アスファルト結合材は以下を含む。
・PG64−22(真PG64.88−24.7)で等級分けされる純アスファルト結合材97.0重量%。
・以下を有する、ブレンド3.0重量%
・窒素スパージ下160℃で19時間、硫黄元素7.0重量%と反応させた硫化精製ヒマワリ油14.5重量%。これにより、オリゴマー70.8%を有する改質材を得た。
・精製ヒマワリ油85.5重量%
・硫化油と非改質油のブレンドは、オリゴマー含有量11.9%、40℃で粘度55cSt、PDIは約1.64。
改質アスファルト結合材は以下を含む。
・PG64−22(真PG64.88−24.7)で等級分けされる純アスファルト結合材97.0重量%。
・以下を有する、ブレンド3.0重量%
・窒素スパージ下160℃で19時間、硫黄元素7.0重量%と反応させた硫化精製ヒマワリ油53.9重量%。これにより、オリゴマー70.8%を有する改質材を得た。
・精製ヒマワリ油46.1重量%
・硫化油と非改質油のブレンドは、オリゴマー含有量42.76%、40℃で粘度177cSt、PDIは約3.16。
改質アスファルト結合材は以下を含む。
・PG64−22(真PG64.88−24.7)で等級分けされる純アスファルト結合材97.0重量%。
・以下を有する、ブレンド3.0重量%
・窒素スパージ下160℃で19時間、硫黄元素7.0重量%と反応させた硫化精製ヒマワリ油63.4重量%。これにより、オリゴマー70.8%を有する改質材を得た。
・精製ヒマワリ油36.6重量%
・硫化油と非改質油のブレンドは、オリゴマー含有量48.3%、40℃で粘度254cSt、PDIは約3.55。
改質アスファルト結合材は以下を含む。
・PG64−22(真PG64.88−24.7)で等級分けされる純アスファルト結合材97.0重量%。
・以下を有する、ブレンド3.0重量%
・窒素スパージ下160℃で19時間、硫黄元素7.0重量%と反応させた硫化精製ヒマワリ油14.5重量%。これにより、オリゴマー70.8%を有する改質材を得た。
・パーム油84.5重量%
・硫化油とパーム油のブレンドは、オリゴマー含有量約11.9%
・PDIは約1.77
改質アスファルト結合材は以下を含む。
・PG64−22(真PG64.88−24.7)で等級分けされる純アスファルト結合材97.0重量%。
・以下を有する、ブレンド3.0重量%
・窒素スパージ下160℃で19時間、硫黄元素7.0重量%と反応させた硫化精製ヒマワリ油59.0重量%。これにより、オリゴマー70.8%を有する改質材を得た。
・パーム油41.0重量%
・硫化油と非改質油のブレンドは、オリゴマー含有量約43%、PDIは約2.37。
改質アスファルト結合材は以下を含む。
・PG64−22(真PG64.88−24.7)で等級分けされる純アスファルト結合材97.0重量%。
改質アスファルト結合材は以下を含む。
・PG64−22(真PG64.88−24.7)で等級分けされる純アスファルト結合材92.41重量%。
・直鎖スチレン−ブタジエン−スチレン(SBS)5.5重量%
・元素硫黄0.09重量%(アスファルト結合材中SBS架橋として使用)
・実施例#3に記載のとおり、硫化回収コーン油(RCO)2.0重量%
混合手順:
1.結合材を1時間150℃でアニールした後、改質材はアスファルトに混合された。改質結合材を、ポリマー改質のために約193℃まで加熱した。
2.SBSを添加しながら(1分以内)、高剪断ミキサーのRPMを1000に設定した。ポリマー追加の直後、RPMは、約10分間3000rpmまで短時間で増やされて、SBSペレットの十分な粉砕を確実にして、その後、剪断レベルは1000rpmまで下げられた。
3.ポリマーの混合は、合計2時間1000rpmで続けられた。
4.温度は150rpmで約182℃まで下げられて、そこで、硫黄架橋剤を加えた。
5.混合は、2時間182℃かつ150rpmで続けられた。
6.重合結合剤は、約12〜15時間(一晩)150℃でオーブンに置かれて、ポリマーの十分な膨潤を得た。
図1に示す例は、ASTM D7175に続いて動的剪断レオメーター(DSR)を使用して測定した、減少した荷重振動数の関数としてのアスファルトの複素弾性率(G*)曲線を示す。測定は、3つのレベルに実験室劣化した後、実施例#3で使用したアスファルト結合材(PG64−22)の試料を測定した。
・劣化レベル1:163℃のローリング薄膜オーブンで85分の酸化劣化(ASTM D2872に続いて)。
・劣化レベル2:加圧劣化試験機を用いて100℃で2.1MPaの空気圧で、それを20時間の酸化劣化させることによる、劣化レベル1後の試料の連続的劣化(ASTM D6521に続いて)。性能グレード規格に従って、20時間のPAV劣化は、通常アスファルト舗装の性能寿命中に発生する、模擬劣化を促進する。
・劣化レベル3:合計40時間のPAV劣化のために、加圧劣化試験機(PAV)を用いて、それを更に20時間の酸化劣化させることによる、劣化レベル1及び2後の試料の連続的劣化であり、著しく劣化した舗装からの結合材の劣化レベルを表す。
図1に示す例は、ASTM D7175に続いて動的剪断レオメーター(DSR)を使用して測定した、減少した荷重振動数の関数としてのアスファルトの複素弾性率(G*)曲線を示す。測定は、前述のとおり実施例12に記載されている3つのレベルに実験室劣化した後、実施例#3で使用したアスファルト結合材(PG64−22)の試料を測定して、それは、更なる劣化が、減少した振動数スペクトルにわたる複素弾性率の著しい増加を生じさせることを示す。
アスファルトの低温性能は、アスファルトのガラス転移温度の影響を著しく受けることがわかっており、それは、多くの場合冬(約−5〜−40℃)に経験する性能温度の範囲で発生する。更にアスファルトの物理的硬化の速度は、最高速度がTgで生じて、アスファルトのガラス転移と密接に関連していることもわかっている。したがって、低いガラス転移温度を有して、アスファルトが性能寿命中、ガラス転移に達する可能性を低減することが望ましい。劣化は、アスファルトのガラス転移温度を高めることは周知であり、したがって、有効な再生用添加剤の望ましい特性は、一旦混合されたら劣化アスファルトのガラス転移を低下させることである。
「劣化したアスファルト+重合油」と標示される第2の試料は、以下からなる。
・上述のPG58−28純結合材95重量%
・窒素スパージ下160℃で7時間、硫黄元素1.5重量%と反応させた硫化回収コーン油(RCO)5重量%。これにより、オリゴマー16.0%、PDI約1.50を有する改質材を得た。
重合油を用いた再生の前後の結合材の熱解析は、表12に示すように、改質剤が劣化アスファルトのTgをより低い温度へ大きく変えたことを示す。DSC比熱曲線の比較を図3に示す。
Claims (3)
- アスファルト用途に重合油を組み込む方法であって、前記方法が、
(a)iv.約2〜約80重量%のオリゴマー含有量を有するポリマー分布、
v.約1.30〜約2.20の範囲の多分散指数、及び
vi.約8重量%未満の硫黄分と、を含む、重合油を得ることと、
(b)前記重合油を、水、乳化剤、瀝青及び熱可塑性ポリマーを含むエマルションに添加することと、を含む方法。 - 再生アスファルト舗装切削材(RAP)を前記重合油を含むエマルションで処理することを更に含み、前記処理済みRAPが、アスファルト舗装で再利用される、または既存のアスファルト舗装の表面に加えられ、それによって改質かつ再生アスファルトを得て、前記重合油の量が前記改質かつ再生アスファルトの0.1〜40重量%の範囲である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- アスファルト用途に重合油を組み込む方法であって、前記方法が、
(a)i.約2〜約80重量%のオリゴマー含有量を有するポリマー分布、
ii.約1.30〜約2.20の範囲の多分散指数、及び
iii.約8重量%未満の硫黄分と、を含む、重合油を得ることと、
(b)中温化添加剤及び/または圧密補助剤として前記重合油をアスファルトに添加して、それによって改質アスファルトを得ることと、を含み、前記中温化添加剤が前記改質アスファルトの約0.1〜約2重量%の範囲である、前記方法。
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Cited By (8)
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JP2022078224A (ja) * | 2015-02-27 | 2022-05-24 | カーギル インコーポレイテッド | 重合油及びその製造方法 |
US11787945B2 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2023-10-17 | Cargill, Incorporated | Polymerized oils and methods of manufacturing the same |
JP7371152B2 (ja) | 2015-02-27 | 2023-10-30 | カーギル インコーポレイテッド | 重合油及びその製造方法 |
US11898037B2 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2024-02-13 | Cargill, Incorporated | Rejuvenating compositions for asphalt applications and methods of manufacturing the same |
US11905416B2 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2024-02-20 | Cargill, Incorporated | Polymerized oils and methods of manufacturing the same |
US11905415B2 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2024-02-20 | Cargill, Incorporated | Polymerized oils and methods of manufacturing the same |
US12122917B2 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2024-10-22 | Cargill, Incorporated | Polymerized oils and methods of manufacturing the same |
US12134699B2 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2024-11-05 | Cargill, Incorporated | Polymerized oils and methods of manufacturing the same |
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