JP6676245B2 - 3dプリント物を積層造形する方法 - Google Patents
3dプリント物を積層造形する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6676245B2 JP6676245B2 JP2018528619A JP2018528619A JP6676245B2 JP 6676245 B2 JP6676245 B2 JP 6676245B2 JP 2018528619 A JP2018528619 A JP 2018528619A JP 2018528619 A JP2018528619 A JP 2018528619A JP 6676245 B2 JP6676245 B2 JP 6676245B2
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- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 23
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 18
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Classifications
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- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/06—Other methods of shaping glass by sintering, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing of powders and subsequent sintering, by hot pressing of powders, by sintering slurries or dispersions not undergoing a liquid phase reaction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
(1)温度逆応答性ヒドロゲル/セラミックス粉末が、最適な3Dプリント成形の条件範囲となるよう比率を調整する。
(2)3Dプリント製造過程において条件範囲を最適に制御する。
(3)3Dプリントによりバイオセラミックス(HAp/β−TCP)/温度逆応答性ヒドロゲル(p(NiPAAm−MMA))を製造し、測定・分析する。
(4)3Dプリントにより含油(例えばシリコーン油)バイオセラミックス(HAp/β−TCP)/温度応答性ヒドロゲル(p(NiPAAm−MMA))を製造し、測定・分析する。
(5)3Dプリントによりバイオセラミックス(ジルコニア,ZrO2)/温度逆応答性ヒドロゲル(p(NiPAAm−MMA))を製造し、測定・分析する。
(6)3Dプリントにより含油(例えばシリコーン油)バイオセラミックス(ジルコニア,ZrO2)/温度逆応答性ヒドロゲル(p(NiPAAm−MMA))を製造し、測定・分析する。
(7)温度逆応答性ヒドロゲルセラミックスにUV硬化開始剤を添加して、光硬化プリントを実施する。
温度逆応答性ヒドロゲル溶液とセラミックス粉末の混合・攪拌比率は、温度逆応答性ヒドロゲル溶液の重量パーセント濃度(wt%)及びセラミックス粉末のグラム重量に依拠した。また、温度逆応答性ヒドロゲル/バイオセラミックスの3Dプリント条件は、温度逆応答性ヒドロゲルの温度応答特性に基づき設計した。プリント台座の温度を調整することで温度逆応答性ヒドロゲルが相転移収縮するよう制御し、セラミックス粉末間を密着させることで成形効果を達成した。なお、その他のプリント制御条件としては、プリントヘッドの材料押出供給圧、プリント速度、プリント材料供給端のニードル口径サイズが存在した。3Dプリント製造によりバイオセラミックスを成形した後、対照群としてセラミックスを被覆する油系物(検証ではシリコーン油を一例とした)の添加有無別に高温焼結操作を実施し、焼結前後及び油系物による被覆有無間で収縮サイズや比率を比較した。また、温度逆応答性ヒドロゲルシステムと3Dプリント技術を組み合わせて異なるセラミックス粉末に適用する場合について、2種類の異なるセラミックス粉末で検証した。初歩の結果によれば、温度逆応答性ヒドロゲルとバイオセラミックスを混合・攪拌した後のコロイド粘度は約100〜900cPに達する必要があったが、これは3Dプリンタのガスによる材料押出供給範囲である50〜200,000mPa.sに一致していた。なお、バイオセラミックス粉末の粒子サイズ及びプリントラインの太さに応じて、プリントニードルのサイズは19〜30Gの範囲のものを選択し、製造を実施した。また、3Dプリント製造におけるプリントヘッドの移動速度はラインの太さを決定する要素の一つであるが、実際に測定したところ、プリント速度は0.1〜5(cm/s)の範囲が最適であった。また、3Dプリントにより製造した油類(シリコーン油、炭化水素鉱油、液体パラフィン、パラフィン、合成炭化水素等)含有有無別のバイオセラミックス(HAp/β−TCP)/温度逆応答性ヒドロゲル(p(NiPAAm−MMA)又はp(NiPAAm))について焼結前後の収縮率を比較したところ、含油被覆群は高い収縮比率を有しており、最高で27.9%の収縮率に達した。また、異なるバイオセラミックス粉末について比較すべく、3Dプリントにより含油有無別にバイオセラミックス(ジルコニア,ZrO2)/温度逆応答性ヒドロゲル(p(NiPAAm−MMA))を製造した場合にも、焼結前後の収縮率については同様に含油被覆群が高い収縮比率を有しており、最高で36%の収縮率に達した。ここで、焼結後のセラミックスを走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察したところ、正面から見た孔のサイズは約500μmであった。また、側面から表面形状を観察したところ、3Dプリント成形に特有の筋条に交錯したスタック形状が見られた。本発明は、バイオセラミックスの3Dプリントに適用されるシステムの構築に成功した。このシステムでは、温度逆応答性ヒドロゲルを様々なバイオセラミックス材料と合わせて使用でき、且つ、3Dプリントデバイスは温度制御により多様な形態をプリント可能となる。また、温度逆応答性ヒドロゲルと油相溶液を組み合わせて使用することで、バイオセラミックスの収縮効果は更に向上する。
(2)ジルコニア(ZrO2)セラミックス粉末を1mLの10%温度逆応答性ヒドロゲル溶液に1.8g添加し、真空で8分間攪拌・混合することでプリント可能なスラリーを取得した。
(3)水酸燐灰石(HAp)セラミックス粉末を1mLの15%温度逆応答性ヒドロゲル溶液に2.0g添加し、真空で8分間攪拌・混合することでプリント可能なスラリーを取得した。
(2)3Dプリント製造におけるプリントヘッドの材料供給速度はラインの太さを決定する要素の一つであるが、実際に測定したところ、最適な材料供給速度は主として23Gニードル(内径0.34mm)であり、ガスによる材料押出供給に必要な気圧は±4.5barであった。
(3)3Dプリント製造における温度逆応答性ヒドロゲルの硬化成形条件として、台座の温度を上昇させることで温度逆応答性ヒドロゲルを相転移収縮させた。なお、このときの温度は±40℃とした。また、他の好ましい実施例において、プリント台座の温度は30〜80℃まで加熱した。
(2)上記で攪拌・混合したジルコニアスラリーをプリント成形し、直径約18.10mmの対象物をプリントした。そして、いずれかをシリコーン油で被覆してから高温炉に送り込み、±1400℃の温度勾配で6〜8時間焼結した。完成後に直径と高さを測定し、収縮率を取得したところ(図5参照)、シリコーン油を添加しなかったセラミックスブロックの焼結後の収縮比率は直径23.4%であった。一方、シリコーン油を滴下したセラミックスブロックの焼結後の収縮比率については、直径36.08%となった。
上記の実験結果より、以下が確認された。
(1)本発明で採用する温度逆応答性ヒドロゲルをセラミックス粉末と混合・攪拌して3Dプリント成形を実施する技術は、実行可能な3Dプリント成形技術である。
(2)3Dプリント成形過程ではプリントのパラメータを調整可能であり、スラリー供給速度、プリントヘッドの移動速度、台座の温度、プリントニードルの内径といった関連のパラメータを制御して製造する。
(3)温度逆応答性ヒドロゲルシステムは複数のセラミックス粉末と混合・攪拌されて、製造及び焼結を実施可能である。また、温度逆応答性ヒドロゲルの相転移収縮特性を利用して、硬化成形によるプリントを実施可能であるとともに、焼結過程で温度を上昇させることで収縮力を強化させられる。これによれば、従来のセラミックス技術における等圧工法と同じく、上記の実験結果で示したように10〜20%の収縮率を達成可能である。
(4)本発明の実験では、プリント完了後のセラミックス対象物に油系物を滴下することで被覆操作を実施する場合を提示した。この手順によれば、セラミックス焼結時の収縮効果を有効に上昇させることができ、上記の実験結果で示したように、20〜40%の収縮率を達成可能である。即ち、油系物を滴下しなかったセラミックスよりも高い収縮率を達成可能となる。
(5)本発明で使用する温度逆応答性ヒドロゲル材料は、光硬化開始剤を添加することで光硬化能力を有するコロイド材料に変換可能である。この場合、プリント時にUV光を照射することで、収縮能力を変化させることなく硬化効果を達成可能となる。
Claims (15)
- 3Dプリント物を積層造形する方法であって、
(a)3Dプリンタによって、1又は複数層のスラリーをプリント及び積層し、前記スラリーがセラミックス粉末の組成物を含有し、
(b)更に、前記1又は複数層のスラリーの周囲に油を注入し、注入する油の高さが前記スラリーの高さよりも低く、
(c)所望の幾何形状を有する本体が得られるまで、ステップ(a)及び(b)を繰り返し、且つ、
(d)前記本体を加熱焼結することで前記3Dプリント物を取得し、前記3Dプリンタのプリント台座の温度が30〜80℃である、ことを含む方法。 - 前記スラリーは組成物であり、セラミックス粉末、ガラス粉末又は金属粉末を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記セラミックス粉末は、水酸燐灰石、リン酸三カルシウム、高密度アルミナ、ジルコニア、生物活性ガラス、炭化物系セラミックス材料、窒化物系セラミックス材料、ケイ酸アルミニウム、ホウ化物セラミックス材料又はケイ化物セラミックス材料を含む請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記油は、ポリグリコール、シリコーン油、フッ素オイル、リン酸エステル、ポリエーテル、パラフィン、ラウリルアルコール、オリーブ油、大豆油、炭化水素鉱油、液体パラフィン又は合成炭化水素を含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記スラリーの粘度は100〜900cPの範囲である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記3Dプリンタのノズルサイズは19〜30Gの範囲である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記3Dプリンタのプリント速度は0.1〜5cm/sの範囲である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記スラリーは、
(a)ポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)(p(NiPAAm))又はポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド−共重合−メタクリル酸)(p(NiPAAm−MAA))を合成するステップと、
(b)分散剤とヒドロキシアパタイトを混合するステップと、
(c)ステップ(a)の前記p(NiPAAm)又は前記p(NiPAAm−MAA)と水を混合してヒドロゲル溶液を取得するステップと、
(d)ステップ(c)の前記ヒドロゲル溶液とステップ(b)の生成物を混合して混合物を生成するステップと、
(e)ステップ(d)の前記混合物を攪拌して前記スラリーを生成するステップと、から作製される請求項1に記載の方法。 - 更に、ステップ(e)の前にポリマー粒子をステップ(d)の前記混合物に添加する請求項8に記載の方法。
- ステップ(b)の前記ヒドロキシアパタイトと前記分散剤は重量パーセントで25:1〜25:5の比率範囲で混合する請求項8に記載の方法。
- ステップ(b)における前記分散剤は、ポリアクリル酸(PAA)、ポリメタクリル酸(PMA)又はポリビニルアルコール(PVA)である請求項8に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)の前記p(NiPAAm−MAA)と水は、体積比で1:10〜2:1の比率範囲で混合される請求項8に記載の方法。
- 更に、光硬化開始剤をステップ(c)のヒドロゲル溶液に添加することで、前記スラリーをUV照射により光硬化成形可能とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記光硬化開始剤は、遊離基型の光硬化開始剤又はカチオン型の光硬化開始剤である請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記遊離基型の光硬化開始剤はアクリル酸又は不飽和ポリエステルを含み、前記カチオン型の光硬化開始剤はエポキシド、トリメチレンオキシド又はビニルエーテルを含む請求項14に記載の方法。
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |