JP6579264B2 - 半導体パッケージの製造方法及びCu合金の切断方法 - Google Patents
半導体パッケージの製造方法及びCu合金の切断方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6579264B2 JP6579264B2 JP2018511883A JP2018511883A JP6579264B2 JP 6579264 B2 JP6579264 B2 JP 6579264B2 JP 2018511883 A JP2018511883 A JP 2018511883A JP 2018511883 A JP2018511883 A JP 2018511883A JP 6579264 B2 JP6579264 B2 JP 6579264B2
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- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910002482 Cu–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910017566 Cu-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017871 Cu—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229940125773 compound 10 Drugs 0.000 description 13
- ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N jdtic Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C)CCN(C[C@@H]2C)C[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H]2NCC3=CC(O)=CC=C3C2)=CC=CC(O)=C1 ZLVXBBHTMQJRSX-VMGNSXQWSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910017767 Cu—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017813 Cu—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940125810 compound 20 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- JAXFJECJQZDFJS-XHEPKHHKSA-N gtpl8555 Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](B1O[C@@]2(C)[C@H]3C[C@H](C3(C)C)C[C@H]2O1)CCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JAXFJECJQZDFJS-XHEPKHHKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017868 Cu—Ni—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017881 Cu—Ni—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017876 Cu—Ni—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018651 Mn—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018104 Ni-P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018536 Ni—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
これまで、個片化を容易にするための方法として、例えば特許文献1に記載されるようにリードフレームを切断する箇所に予めダイサー等を用いてV溝加工を行っておく方法が知られていた。また、リードフレームを切断する方法としてはプレス加工による打ち抜きが知られており、例えば、樹脂封止された半導体パッケージをプレス金型の下型に載置した後、金型の上型を下降させる。これにより、上型のパンチと下型のダイによって打ち抜き加工を行い、リードフレームの切断を行う。
さらに、V溝が形成されたリードフレームを用いて電子部品実装の工程を行うとリードフレームがV溝を起点として意図せずに変形してしまうことがある。また、リードフレームの厚さが薄い場合にはV溝の形成自体が難しくなり意図した位置での切断ができないことがある。一方、V溝を設けずにリードフレームを切断した場合には切断面にバリやダレが生じることがある。
なお、本明細書において、バリとは切断面の下面側に生じる突起を意味し、ダレとは切断面の上面側が切断刃の圧力により丸くなった部分を意味する。
加熱によりSn又はSn合金とCu合金が反応して金属間化合物(例えば(Cu,Ni)6Sn5)が形成され、金属間化合物と被切断部が強固に接合された状態となるが、金属間化合物が形成される際に空隙(ボイド)が生じる。また、形成された金属間化合物は延性が失われた脆い部材となる。
被切断部と強固に接合された上記金属間化合物に対して切断するための力を加えると、金属間化合物には変形を伴わずにクラックが進展する。金属間化合物と接合されているCu合金は本来は延性を有する材料であるが、金属間化合物と強固に接合されているために延びることができずに破断に至る。その結果、被切断部を構成するCu合金の切断面にバリやダレが生じることが防止されて、綺麗な切断面を得ることができる。
また、この方法であると被切断部にV溝を設ける必要がないので、リードフレームの厚さが薄い場合であっても切断を良好に行うことができる。また、V溝加工の際に発生する削りかすに起因する問題も起こらない。
被切断部の加熱と実装部の加熱を同時に行うことにより、実装部と被切断部で金属間化合物を形成させる反応を同じプロセスで行うことができる。
加圧しながら加熱する実装部では強固な接合力を有する緻密な金属間化合物を形成させることができ、加圧せずに加熱する被切断部では空隙を有する脆い金属間化合物を形成させることができる。
Cu−Ni合金又はCu−Mn合金はSn又はSn合金と速やかに反応して金属間化合物を形成することができる。Niの割合が3重量%以上15重量%以下のCu−Ni合金であると金属間化合物がより確実に形成される。
この切断方法は、Cu合金からなる材料の切断方法として、その形状を問わず好適に使用することができる。
しかしながら、本発明は、以下の構成に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を変更しない範囲において適宜変更して適用することができる。
なお、以下において記載する本発明の個々の望ましい構成を2つ以上組み合わせたものもまた本発明である。
本発明の半導体パッケージの製造方法では、Cu合金からなる被切断部を有するリードフレームを準備する。
リードフレーム100には、電子部品を実装するための部位である実装部120が設けられており、各リード130の末端に、個片化の際に切断する部位である被切断部110が設けられている。被切断部110の材質はCu合金となっている。
Cu−Ni合金は、Niの割合が3重量%以上30重量%以下であるCu−Ni合金が好ましく、例えば、Cu−3Ni、Cu−5Ni、Cu−10Ni、Cu−15Ni、Cu−20Ni、Cu−25Ni、又は、Cu−30Niが挙げられる。また、Niの割合が3重量%以上15重量%以下であるCu−Ni合金がより好ましい。Cu−Ni合金には、Cu−Ni−Co合金、Cu−Ni−Fe合金、Cu−Ni−Si合金、Cu−Ni−P合金等のように第3成分を含む合金も含まれる。
Cu−Mn合金は、Mnの割合が5重量%以上30重量%以下であるCu−Mn合金が好ましく、例えば、Cu−5Mn、Cu−10Mn、Cu−15Mn、Cu−20Mn、Cu−25Mn、又は、Cu−30Mnが挙げられる。
Cu−Al合金は、Alの割合が5重量%以上10重量%以下であるCu−Al合金が好ましく、例えば、Cu−5Al、又は、Cu−10Alが挙げられる。
Cu−Cr合金は、Crの割合が5重量%以上10重量%以下であるCu−Cr合金が好ましく、例えば、Cu−5Cr、又は、Cu−10Crが挙げられる。
なお、Cu合金は、Cu−Mn−Ni等のようにMn及びNiを同時に含んでいてもよく、また、P等の第3成分を含んでいてもよい。
上記表記において、例えば、「Cu−3Ni」は、Niを3重量%含有し、残部をCuとする合金であることを示している。Mnについても同様である。
また、本発明において切断する部位となる、リードフレームに設けられる被切断部の位置は、各リードの末端に限定されるものではなく、リードフレームを用いて半導体パッケージを製造する際に切断される部位であればよい。例えば、吊りリード(ダイパッドを支持するリード)の末端や、ダムバー(各リード間を接続する連結部)であってもよい。
Sn又はSn合金としては、例えば、Sn単体、又は、Cu、Ni、Ag、Au、Sb、Zn、Bi、In、Ge、Al、Co、Mn、Fe、Cr、Mg、Mn、Pd、Si、Sr、Te及びPからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種とSnとを含む合金が挙げられる。中でも、Sn、Sn−3Ag−0.5Cu、Sn−3.5Ag、Sn−0.75Cu、Sn−58Bi、Sn−0.7Cu−0.05Ni、Sn−5Sb、Sn−2Ag−0.5Cu−2Bi、Sn−57Bi−1Ag、Sn−3.5Ag−0.5Bi−8In、Sn−9Zn、又は、Sn−8Zn−3Biが好ましい。
上記表記において、例えば、「Sn−3Ag−0.5Cu」は、Agを3重量%、Cuを0.5重量%含有し、残部をSnとする合金であることを示している。
被切断部に接合材料を塗布する方法としては、例えば、スクリーン印刷、ディスペンサーによる塗布等の方法が挙げられる。
この加熱は被切断部及び接合材料を加圧しない状態で行われることが好ましく、金属間化合物10が生成する反応に伴い、金属間化合物10の中には空隙11が形成される。内部に空隙11を有する金属間化合物10は延性が失われた脆い部材となる。
そして、金属間化合物10と被切断部110が強固に接合された状態となる。
加熱時の昇温速度を速くすると、空隙を有する金属間化合物が形成されやすいため好ましい。昇温速度は5℃/秒以上であることが好ましく、8℃/秒以上であることがより好ましい。
切断するための力がパンチ40により加えられた金属間化合物10には変形を伴わずにクラックが進展する。そして、金属間化合物10と接合されている被切断部110を構成するCu合金は本来は延性を有する材料であるが、金属間化合物10と強固に接合されているために延びることができずに破断に至る。その結果、被切断部110を構成するCu合金の切断面にバリやダレが生じることが防止されて、綺麗な切断面を得ることができる。
図2Dには、被切断部の切断後に得られる半導体パッケージ1の切断面を示している。切断面にはバリやダレが生じておらず、また、切断された部分のそれぞれの端部には金属間化合物10が残っている。
なお、切断の方法はパンチングに限定されるものではなく、ダイシングや超音波カッターでの切断等が挙げられる。
図3A〜図3Dは、本発明の半導体パッケージの製造方法の別の一例を模式的に示す断面図である。図3A〜図3Dは、リードフレーム100の実装部120の周囲及び被切断部110の周囲のみを模式的に示す断面図である。
本実施形態で使用するリードフレームは、実装部と被切断部が共にCu合金で形成されている。リードフレーム全体がCu合金であってもよく、実装部と被切断部がCu合金であれば他の部分は他の材料であってもよい。実装部を構成するCu合金と被切断部を構成するCu合金は異なる組成であってもよいが、リードフレーム全体が同じ組成のCu合金であることが好ましい。
実装部を構成するCu合金の好ましい例は、被切断部を構成するCu合金の例として挙げたものと同じであるためその詳細な説明は省略する。
実装部及び被切断部に接合材料を塗布する方法としては、例えば、スクリーン印刷、ディスペンサーによる塗布等の方法が挙げられる。実装部及び被切断部に対する接合材料の塗布は同時に行うことが好ましい。
実装部120の上の接合材料30に電子部品50を搭載する。
本発明は、半導体チップをダイボンドするタイプの半導体パッケージに適用することに特に適している。
また、実装部において接合材料が接触する部分が実装部に形成された電極であってもよい。この電極の表面にもAu、Ag、Ni、Pd、Cu又はこれらの金属を含む合金からなるめっき層が形成されていてもよい。Ni/Auめっき層、Ni/Pd/Auめっき層等の複数層からなるめっき層が形成されていてもよい。また、Sn又はSn合金からなるめっき層が形成されていてもよい。
なお、図3A〜図3Dでは、電子部品の電極及び実装部の電極は省略している。
加熱により温度が接合材料に含まれるSn又はSn合金の融点以上に達すると、Sn又はSn合金が溶融する。さらに加熱が続くと、Sn又はSn合金と実装部120を構成するCu合金(例えばCu−Ni合金)とが反応して金属間化合物20(例えば(Cu,Ni)6Sn5)が生成する。
電子部品を加圧しながら実装部を加熱することにより空隙が金属間化合物の外部に押し出されるため、緻密な金属間化合物が生成する。緻密な金属間化合物20により実装部120と電子部品50が強固に接合される。金属間化合物はSn又はSn合金よりも融点が高いため、耐熱性の高い接合とすることができる。
実装部と被切断部を同時に加熱することにより、リードフレームへの電子部品の実装と被切断部の切断を容易にするための脆い金属間化合物の形成を同時に行うことができるので、被切断部の切断を容易にするための工程が被切断部にV溝加工を行う方法等に比べて効率のよい工程となる。
被切断部の切断は、電子部品50を樹脂60でモールドした後に行うことが好ましい。被切断部110は、樹脂60の外側に位置することとなる。
なお、図面には示していないが、電子部品50は、ワイヤボンディング等によってリードフレームの電極と接続されていてもよい。
上記方法により、実装部に電子部品を金属間化合物により強固に接合すると共に、被切断部を切断面にバリやダレが生じることなく切断して、半導体パッケージ1を製造することができる。
本発明のCu合金の切断方法は、被切断部を構成するCu合金をSn又はSn合金と反応させて空隙を有する金属間化合物を形成させ、被切断部を金属間化合物と共に切断することによりCu合金を切断する方法である。切断する材料がCu合金であれば、リードフレームの被切断部に限らずに適用することができ、その形状は限定されない。
Cu合金及びSn又はSn合金としては、上記本発明の半導体パッケージの製造方法で説明した材料を好適に使用することができる。
Cu合金の形態としては、丸線、平角線、編線、棒材、板材、箔、円管、角管等を挙げることができる。
切断の方法は切断するCu合金の形状等によって決定すればよく、パンチング、シャーリング、ダイシング等を好適に用いることができる。
また、本発明のCu合金の切断方法には、部材を2つ以上に切り離す切断の他に、部材に対する穴あけも含まれる。穴あけ用パンチを接触させる部位に金属間化合物を形成させ、穴あけ部を金属間化合物と共に打ち抜いて穴あけすることにより、穴壁にバリやダレのない穴を形成することができる。
(1)ソルダペーストの印刷
Cu−10Niからなる厚さ200μmのリードフレーム上に、市販のソルダペースト(SAC305:Sn−3Ag−0.5Cu)をスクリーン印刷により塗布した。
Siチップを実装する実装部には5mm角、被切断部には5mm×1mmとして一度に印刷した。スクリーン印刷のメタル版の厚みは50μmとした。
実装部に塗布したソルダペーストの上に、厚み300μm、5mm角のSiチップを実装した。なお、Siチップの実装面にはAuめっき処理を施した。
Siチップを実装したリードフレームを窒素雰囲気にて260℃/30秒で昇温し、260℃で5分間加熱した。実装部には10MPaでの加圧を加えながら加熱した。
加熱後に被切断部の上に形成された金属間化合物の厚さを金属顕微鏡を用いて測定したところ20μmであった。
被切断部にパンチとダイをセットし、パンチングにより被切断部を切断した。
スクリーン印刷のメタル版の厚さを変更してソルダペーストの塗布厚みを変更した他は実施例1と同様にして各工程を行った。加熱後に被切断部の上に形成された金属間化合物の厚さを表1に示した。
リードフレームの材質を表1に示すように変更した他は実施例4と同様にして各工程を行った。
被切断部にソルダペーストを塗布せずに実施例1と同様にして各工程を行った。
リードフレームの材質をCuとし、被切断部にソルダペーストを塗布せずに実施例1と同様にして各工程を行った。
リードフレームの材質をCuとした他は実施例4と同様にして各工程を行った。
図4(a)は実装部の金属顕微鏡による断面観察写真であり、図4(b)は、被切断部の切断前の金属顕微鏡による断面観察写真である。SiはSiチップ、Cu−Niはリードフレーム、IMCは金属間化合物を意味する。これらはいずれも実施例4の写真である。
図4(a)に示すように実装部ではSiチップとリードフレームの間に緻密な金属間化合物(IMC)が形成されており、被切断部ではリードフレームの上に空隙を有する金属間化合物(IMC)が形成されているのが分かる。
実施例1の被切断部はバリやダレのない綺麗な切断面となっているのに対し、比較例1の被切断部にはバリやダレが発生していることが分かる。
切断面の観察結果は、以下の通りとした。
○:バリやダレのない綺麗な切断面が得られた。
×:切断面にダレ若しくはバリが発生した、又は、被切断部を切断できない箇所があった。
比較例1及び2では被切断部にソルダペーストを塗布していないため、Cu−10Ni合金又はCuをそのまま切断している。Cu−10Ni合金及びCuは延性のある材料であるため切断によりバリやダレが発生した。
比較例3ではリードフレームの材質がCuであるためソルダペーストを塗布して加熱しても金属間化合物が生成せず、リードフレームの上にはSnを含む金属成分が残っている。この金属成分は切断性の向上には寄与しないので切断によりバリやダレが発生した。
10 金属間化合物(空隙を有する金属間化合物)
11 空隙
20 金属間化合物(緻密な金属間化合物)
30 接合材料
40 パンチ
41 ダイ
50 電子部品
60 樹脂
100 リードフレーム
110 被切断部
120 実装部
130 リード
Claims (4)
- Cu合金からなる被切断部を有するリードフレームを準備する工程と、
前記被切断部にSn又はSn合金を含む接合材料を塗布する工程と、
前記被切断部を加熱することにより、前記接合材料に含まれるSn又はSn合金と前記被切断部を構成するCu合金とを反応させて空隙を有する金属間化合物を形成させる工程と、
前記被切断部を前記金属間化合物と共に切断する工程を有する半導体パッケージの製造方法であって、
前記リードフレームにはCu合金からなる実装部が設けられており、
前記実装部にSn又はSn合金を含む接合材料を塗布して電子部品を搭載し、
前記電子部品を加圧しながら前記実装部を加熱して、前記接合材料に含まれるSn又はSn合金と前記実装部を構成するCu合金とを反応させて緻密な金属間化合物を形成させる工程とをさらに有し、
前記被切断部の加熱と、前記実装部の加圧しながらの加熱を同時に行うことを特徴とする半導体パッケージの製造方法。 - 前記電子部品は、半導体チップである請求項1に記載の半導体パッケージの製造方法。
- 前記Cu合金は、Cu−Ni合金又はCu−Mn合金である請求項1又は2に記載の半導体パッケージの製造方法。
- 前記Cu合金は、Niの割合が3重量%以上15重量%以下のCu−Ni合金である請求項3に記載の半導体パッケージの製造方法。
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JP5715399B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-08 | 2015-05-07 | 株式会社Shカッパープロダクツ | 電気・電子部品用銅合金材 |
JP4917668B1 (ja) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-04-18 | パナソニック株式会社 | 多層配線基板、多層配線基板の製造方法 |
KR102029802B1 (ko) * | 2013-01-14 | 2019-10-08 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 발광 소자 및 이를 구비한 조명 장치 |
JP6352009B2 (ja) * | 2013-04-16 | 2018-07-04 | ローム株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
JP6173943B2 (ja) * | 2014-02-20 | 2017-08-02 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 耐熱性に優れる表面被覆層付き銅合金板条 |
JP6659950B2 (ja) * | 2016-01-15 | 2020-03-04 | 富士通株式会社 | 電子装置及び電子機器 |
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2017
- 2017-01-10 WO PCT/JP2017/000475 patent/WO2017179250A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2017-01-10 JP JP2018511883A patent/JP6579264B2/ja active Active
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