JP6570537B2 - 鞍形の担体成形体を有する酸化触媒 - Google Patents
鞍形の担体成形体を有する酸化触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6570537B2 JP6570537B2 JP2016554491A JP2016554491A JP6570537B2 JP 6570537 B2 JP6570537 B2 JP 6570537B2 JP 2016554491 A JP2016554491 A JP 2016554491A JP 2016554491 A JP2016554491 A JP 2016554491A JP 6570537 B2 JP6570537 B2 JP 6570537B2
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- Prior art keywords
- oxidation catalyst
- catalyst
- oxide
- oxidation
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 70
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims description 67
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000534000 Berula erecta Species 0.000 claims description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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Images
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Description
Mo12VaX1 bX2 cX3 dX4 eX5 fOn (I)
[式中、
X1は、W、Nb、Ta、Cr及び/又はCeであり、
X2は、Cu、Ni、Co、Fe、Mn及び/又はZnであり、
X3は、Sb及び/又はBiであり、
X4は、1種以上のアルカリ金属及び/若しくはアルカリ土類金属並びに/又はNであり、
X5は、Si、Al、Ti及び/又はZrであり、
aは、1〜6の範囲の数であり、
bは、0.2〜4の範囲の数であり、
cは、0〜18、好ましくは0.5〜18の範囲の数であり、
dは、0〜40の範囲の数であり、
eは、0〜4の範囲の数であり、
fは、0〜40の範囲の数であり、かつ
nは、(I)における酸素とは異なる元素の化学量論係数及びそれらの元素の電荷数によって決定される酸素元素の化学量論係数である]
に相当する。
Mo12VaWbCucX4 eX5 fOn (II)
[式中、
X4は、1種以上のアルカリ金属及び/又はアルカリ土類金属であり、
X5は、Si、Al、Ti及びZrの群からの1種以上の元素であり、
aは、2〜4の範囲の数、好ましくは2.5〜3.5の範囲の数であり、
bは、0〜3の範囲の数、好ましくは0.2〜3の範囲の数、好ましくは0.5〜2の範囲の数、特に有利には0.75〜1.5の範囲の数であり、
cは、0.5〜3の範囲の数、好ましくは0.7〜2.7の範囲の数、好ましくは0.9〜2.4の範囲の数、特に有利には1〜1.5の範囲の数であり、
eは、0〜4の範囲の数、好ましくは0〜2の範囲の数、有利には0〜1の範囲の数、特に有利には0〜0.2の範囲の数であり、
fは、0〜40の範囲の数、好ましくは0〜15の範囲の数、有利には0〜8の範囲の数、特に有利には0であり、かつ
nは、(II)における酸素とは異なる元素の化学量論係数及びそれらの元素の電荷数によって決定される酸素元素の化学量論係数である]
に相当する。
V0.26-2は、0.26〜2μmの範囲の平均直径を有する細孔の体積であり、かつ
V0.02-6.5は、0.02〜6.5μmの範囲の平均直径を有する細孔の体積である]によって測定される。
Mo12PaVbXc 1Xd 2Xe 3SbfRegShOn (III)
[式中、変項は、以下の意味を有する:
X1=カリウム、ルビジウム及び/又はセシウム、
X2=銅及び/又は銀、
X3=セリウム、ホウ素、ジルコニウム、マンガン及び/又はビスマス、
a=0.5〜3、
b=0.01〜3、
c=0.2〜3、
d=0.01〜2、
e=0〜2、
f=0.01〜2、
g=0〜1、
h=0.001〜0.5及び
n=IIIにおける酸素とは異なる元素の原子価及び頻度によって決定される数である]の化学量論組成を有する。
V2O5として計算された、酸化バナジウム1〜40質量%、
TiO2として計算された、二酸化チタン60〜99質量%、
Csとして計算された、セシウム化合物0〜1質量%、
Pとして計算された、リン化合物0〜1質量%、
Sb2O3として計算された、酸化アンチモン0〜10質量%
を含有し、それらの全量は100質量%であり、酸化バナジウム及び二酸化チタンの適した供給源については、WO2012/014154、第3頁、第29行目〜第4頁、第2行目を参照することができる。用いられる二酸化チタンは、アナターゼ構造で存在すべきである。適した助触媒として、アルカリ金属、殊にリチウム、カリウム及びルビジウムが、記載されるセシウムに加えて考慮される。これらは、典型的には、それらの酸化物又は水酸化物の形で用いられる。さらになお、酸化タリウム(I)、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化鉄、酸化ニッケル、酸化コバルト、酸化マンガン、酸化スズ、酸化銀(あまり有利ではない)、酸化銅、酸化クロム、酸化モリブデン、酸化タングステン、酸化イリジウム(あまり有利ではない)、酸化タンタル、酸化ニオブ、酸化ヒ素、四酸化アンチモン、五酸化アンチモン及び酸化セリウムを併用してよい(WO2012/014154、第4頁、第4行目〜第12行目を参照されたい)。
Mo12BiaFebCocNidCreX1 fX2 gOx (IV)
[式中、変項は、以下の意味を有する:
X1=W、Sn、Mn、La、Ce、Ge、Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、P、Si、Sb、Al、Cd及び/又はMg、
X2=Li、Na、K、Cs及び/又はRb、
a=0.1〜7、好ましくは0.3〜1.5、
b=0〜5、好ましくは2〜4、
c=0〜10、好ましくは3〜10、
d=0〜10、
e=0〜5、好ましくは0.1〜2、
f=0〜24、好ましくは0.1〜2、
g=0〜2、好ましくは0.01〜1及び
x=(IV)における酸素とは異なる元素の原子価及び頻度によって決定される数である]を有する。
Mo12BiaFebCocNidCreX1 fX2 gOy (IVa)
[式中、
X1=Si、Mn及び/又はAl、
X2=Li、Na、K、Cs及び/又はRb、
0.2≦a≦1、
0.5≦b≦10、
0≦c≦10、
0≦d≦10、
2≦c+d≦10、
0≦e≦2、
0≦f≦10、
0≦g≦0.5、
y=電荷中性の条件下で、(Ia)における酸素とは異なる元素の原子価及び頻度によって決定される数である]を有する。
A)前駆体材料の製造
水で温度調節された、ストレートアームパドル撹拌機(Balkenruehrer)を備えた1.75m3のステンレス鋼製のジャケット付き容器中で、酢酸銅水和物(含有率:Cu 32.0質量%、添加速度50kg/h、Goldschmidt社)8.2kgを、水274lに室温(〜25℃)で撹拌しながら(回転数:70回転/分)溶解した。溶液1を得た。これを更に30分間撹拌した。
熱処理の実施は、DE10360057A1に記載された回転管炉内で、以下の条件下に行った:
熱処理は、不連続的に、A)で記載したように製造された306kgの材料の量を用いて行った;
水平方向に対する回転管の傾斜角は、ほぼ0℃であった;
回転管は、右回りに1.5回転/分で回転した;
全体の熱処理の間、回転管を205Nm3/hのガス流が通り抜け、これは(初めから含まれる空気の排気後に)次のような組成を有し、かつ回転管からのその出口で更なる25Nm3/hのバリアガス窒素が補充されていた:ベース負荷の窒素と回転管内で放出されたガスとで構成されたもの80Nm3/h、バリアガス窒素25Nm3/h、空気30Nm3/h及び再循環された循環ガス70Nm3/h。バリアガス窒素は、25℃の温度で供給した。加熱器から出てくる他のガス流の混合物はそのつど、材料がそれぞれ回転管において有する温度で回転管内に導いた。
C1(比較例)内側の面を有する7×3×4のリング体(中空円筒体)
中空円筒形の担体成形体(外径7mm、長さ3mm、内径4mm、45μmの表面粗さRz(粗粒層)を有するCeramTec社のステアタイトC220)1600gを、粉砕された微細な粉末Pでコーティングした。コーティングは、ハイコーターLHC 25/36(Loedige社,パーダーボルン(D−33102))中で行った。このハイコーターは、連続的な粉末計量供給を可能にするために部分変更を加えていた。これは漏斗形の粉末受け器から成り、当該受け器は、タイゴンホース(内径:8mm、外径11.1mm;Saint−Gobain Performance社、シャルニー 89120、フランス国)を介してハイコーターのドラムに接続されていた。ここで、ドラム半径は18cmである。ドラムの深さは20cmである。ドラムが回転する軸は、水平に配向されていた。コーティングのために、粉砕された触媒活性酸化物材料粉末600gを粉末受け器に詰めた。粉末計量供給は、連続的な加圧計量供給によって行った。弁開閉によるパルス時間は50msに設定し、かつ設定した圧力は、周囲圧力(〜1atm)を0.7bar上回っていた。漏斗状の粉末受け器の中の粉末は、コーティングの間、均一な計量供給を保証するために連続的に撹拌した(撹拌機の運転時間:2秒、撹拌機の休止時間1秒、部分変更が加えられV形のアンカー型撹拌機、BASF SE社の独自構造)。バインダーは、水75質量%とグリセリン25質量%との水溶液であった。これを別個に液体計量供給装置によりドラム中に噴霧する。液体は、Watson−Marlow社のHPLCポンプ(323型)により、ドラム中に存在する計量供給アーム内にポンプ供給した(噴霧圧力3bar、成形圧力2bar、流量:グリセリンと水(1:3)の溶液3g/分)。粉末計量供給装置及び液体計量供給装置は、互いに並行に配置されている。計量供給アームに取り付けられたSchlick社(DE)の570/0 S75型のノズル及び同様に計量供給アームの下方に固定された固体計量供給装置の出口オリフィスは、6cmの間隔で平行して、かつ測角器により水平方向に対して40°の角度に位置決めされている。粉末計量供給は、ノズルの噴霧コーンの外側で行われる。ここで、固体計量供給装置のノズルオリフィス及び出口オリフィスは、ドラムの回転方向を指し示す。ドラムは、コーティングの間、時計方向に15rpmで回転した。コーティングは、25℃で40分の時間にわたり行った。その後、コーティングされた担体材料を、130℃の空気送入温度及び81℃の空気送出温度で27分間乾燥した。その後、これらを、静止状態のドラム中で30分の期間にわたり25℃に冷却した。コーティングの間、供給された粉末は、大部分が担体の表面に取り込まれた。取り込まれなかった部分は、ドラムの下流のフィルターで捕集した。
)。その後、空気循環式乾燥庫を、2〜3時間以内に40〜50℃に冷却して試料を取り出した。空気循環式乾燥庫から取り出した中空円筒形のシェル触媒C1は、その全質量に対して、19.9質量%の酸化物シェル割合を有していた。
触媒C2の成形を、C1と同じように行ったが、しかしながら、この場合、C1とは異なり、CeramTec社の中空円筒形の担体成形体(外径7mm、長さ3mm、内径4mm、ステアタイトC220)ではなく、Vereinigte Fuellkoerper−Fabriken GmbH & Co.KG社(ランスバッハ=バウムバッハ D−56225)のベルルサドル体(Acidurの特殊せっ器、SiO2約70%、Al2O3少なくとも20%、Fe2O3及びTiO22〜3%、K2O及びNa2O2.5〜3.5%、MgO及びCaO0.5〜1%、材料密度2.6g/cm3、BET表面積<0.1m2/g)であって代表長さ6mmを有するもの(比重:900kg/m3、比表面積:1150m2/m3、自由体積:63%)1600gを用いた。C1と同じように空気循環式乾燥庫で熱処理を実施した後、空気循環式乾燥庫から取り出したコーティングされたベルルサドル体は、その全質量に対して、19.8質量%の酸化物シェル割合を有していた。
触媒C3の成形を、C1と同じように行ったが、しかしながら、この場合、C1とは異なり、CeramTec社の中空円筒形の担体成形体(外径7mm、長さ3mm、内径4mm、ステアタイトC220)ではなく、Vereinigte Fuellkoerper−Fabriken GmbH & Co.KG社(ランスバッハ=バウムバッハ D−56225)の代表長さ8mmを有するベルルサドル体(Acidurの特殊せっ器、SiO2約70%、Al2O3少なくとも20%、Fe2O3及びTiO22〜3%、K2O及びNa2O2.5〜3.5%、MgO及びCaO0.5〜1%、材料密度2.6g/cm3、BET表面積<0.1m2/g)1600gを用いた。C1と同じように空気循環式乾燥庫で熱処理を実施した後、空気循環式乾燥庫から取り出したコーティングされたベルルサドル体は、その全質量に対して、19.6質量%の酸化物シェル割合を有していた。
結着は、コーティングの間に2つの成形体が互いに付着することを表す。結着の増大は、使用できない生成物、ひいては製造損失を生む。中空円筒形のリング状タブレットのコーティング時には、この場合5%で結着の増大が確認され、その一方で、ベルルサドル体のコーティング時には、結着に基づく製造損失は記録されなかった。
例1
アクロレインからアクリル酸への気相酸化
反応管(V2A鋼;外径30mm;壁厚2mm;内径26mm;長さ464cm)は、上から下に向かって:
セクション1:長さ79cm、空管;
セクション2:長さ62cm、7mm×3mm×4mmの形状のステアタイトリング(外径×長さ×内径;CeramTec社のステアタイトC220)より成る上流層;
セクション3:長さ100cm、触媒のコーティング時に用いられたそれぞれの担体材料20質量%とそれぞれの触媒80質量%とから成る均質な混合物の触媒固定床;
セクション4:長さ200cm、セクション3でそのつど使用された触媒からもっぱら成る触媒固定床;
セクション5:長さ10cm、セクション2と同じステアタイトリングより成る下流層;
セクション6:長さ14cm、触媒固定床を収容するためのV2A鋼製の触媒基部
を含んでいた。
アクロレイン4.3体積%、
プロペン0.2体積%、
プロパン0.2体積%、
アクリル酸0.3体積%、
O25.4体積%、
H2O7.0体積%、
CO及びCO20.4体積%、
N282.2体積%
を有していた。
本発明によるシェル触媒と本発明によらないシェル触媒とが装入されている、2つの連続した反応ゾーンを有する触媒固定床を使用した、アクロレインからアクリル酸への気相酸化
反応管(ステンレス鋼1.4541型(EU規格番号EN10088−3;外径33.7mm;壁厚2mm;内径29.7mm;長さ400cm、サーモウェル4mm)に、以下のとおり、下から上に向かって装入した:
セクション1:長さ70cm、7mm×3mm×4mmの形状のステアタイトリング(外径×長さ×内径;CeramTec社のステアタイトC220)より成る上流層;
セクション2:長さ100cm、触媒のコーティング時に用いられたそれぞれの担体材料30質量%とそれぞれの触媒80質量%;それぞれのシェル触媒70質量%とから成る均質な混合物の触媒固定床層;
セクション3:長さ200cm、それぞれのシェル触媒の触媒固定床層;
セクション4:長さ8cm、セクション1と同じステアタイトリングより成る下流層;
セクション5:長さ23cm、空管。
さらになお、触媒層の圧力損失を算出した。結果を表4にまとめている。
Claims (15)
- 担体に対して0.3m2/g未満のBET表面積を有し、ここで、BET表面積の下限値が0.001m2/gであり、当該担体は少なくとも部分的に触媒活性多元素酸化物でコーティングされている、少なくとも1つの非多孔質の無機酸化物担体成形体又はセラミック担体成形体を含む酸化触媒であって、ここで、触媒は貴金属不含であり、かつ担体成形体は鞍の形を有し、その鞍面が2つの主方向で反対向きに曲げられている、前記酸化触媒。
- 触媒が、酸化数0の金属を含まないことを特徴とする、請求項1記載の酸化触媒。
- 担体成形体が、インタロックスサドル又はベルルサドルとして形成されていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2記載の酸化触媒。
- 鞍形をした担体成形体が、鞍面に1つ以上のリブを有することを特徴とする、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載の酸化触媒。
- 担体成形体の最大長さが20mmであることを特徴とする、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項記載の酸化触媒。
- 酸化触媒全体に対する前記触媒活性多元素酸化物の量が2〜50質量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1から5までのいずれか1項記載の酸化触媒。
- 請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の酸化触媒において、前記触媒活性多元素酸化物が、一般式(I)
Mo12VaX1 bX2 cX3 dX4 eX5 fOn (I)
[式中、
X1は、W、Nb、Ta、Cr及び/又はCeであり、
X2は、Cu、Ni、Co、Fe、Mn及び/又はZnであり、
X3は、Sb及び/又はBiであり、
X4は、1種以上のアルカリ金属及び/又はアルカリ土類金属及び/又はNであり、
X5は、Si、Al、Ti及び/又はZrであり、
aは、1〜6の範囲の数であり、
bは、0.2〜4の範囲の数であり、
cは、0〜18、好ましくは0.5〜3の範囲の数であり、
dは、0〜40の範囲の数であり、
eは、0〜4の範囲の数であり、
fは、0〜40の範囲の数であり、かつ
nは、(I)における酸素とは異なる元素の化学量論係数及びそれらの元素の電荷数によって決定される酸素元素の化学量論係数である]
に相当することを特徴とする、前記酸化触媒。 - 請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の酸化触媒において、前記触媒活性多元素酸化物が、一般式(III)
Mo12PaVbXc 1Xd 2Xe 3SbfRegShOn (III)
[式中、変項は、以下の意味を有する:
X1=カリウム、ルビジウム及び/又はセシウム、
X2=銅及び/又は銀、
X3=セリウム、ホウ素、ジルコニウム、マンガン及び/又はビスマス、
a=0.5〜3、
b=0.01〜3、
c=0.2〜3、
d=0.01〜2、
e=0〜2、
f=0.01〜2、
g=0〜1、
h=0.001〜0.5及び
n=IVにおける酸素とは異なる元素の原子価及び頻度によって決定される数である]に相当することを特徴とする、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の酸化触媒。 - 前記触媒活性多元素酸化物が、
V2O5として計算された、酸化バナジウム1〜40質量%、
TiO2として計算された、二酸化チタン60〜99質量%、
Csとして計算された、セシウム化合物0〜1質量%、
Pとして計算された、リン化合物0〜1質量%、
Sb2O3として計算された、酸化アンチモン0〜10質量%
を含有し、それらの全量が100質量%である、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の酸化触媒。 - 前記触媒活性多元素酸化物が、一般式(IV)
Mo12BiaFebCocNidCreX1 fX2 gOx (IV)
[式中、変項は、以下の意味を有する:
X1=W、Sn、Mn、La、Ce、Ge、Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、P、Si、Sb、Al、Cd及び/又はMg、
X2=Li、Na、K、Cs及び/又はRb、
a=0.1〜7、好ましくは0.3〜1.5、
b=0〜5、好ましくは2〜4、
c=0〜10、好ましくは3〜10、
d=0〜10、
e=0〜5、好ましくは0.1〜2、
f=0〜24、好ましくは0.1〜2、
g=0〜2、好ましくは0.01〜1及び
x=(I)における酸素とは異なる元素の原子価及び頻度によって決定される数である]に相当する、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の酸化触媒。 - 前記触媒活性多元素酸化物のコーティングが多孔質であり、マクロ孔の体積割合pvol
pvol=V0.26-2/V0.02-6.5
[式中、
V0.26-2は、0.26〜2μmの範囲の平均直径を有する細孔の体積であり、かつ
V0.02-6.5は、0.02〜6.5μmの範囲の平均直径を有する細孔の体積である]
が少なくとも0.35である、請求項1から10までのいずれか1項記載の酸化触媒。 - 無機酸化物担体又はセラミック担体を、場合によりバインダーを併用して、前記触媒活性多元素酸化物の粉末でコーティングすることを特徴とする、請求項1から11までのいずれか1項記載の酸化触媒を製造する方法。
- 請求項7又は8記載の触媒の層を含む触媒固定床上での分子状酸素によるα,β−不飽和アルデヒドの気相酸化によってα,β−不飽和カルボン酸を製造する方法。
- 請求項9記載の触媒の層を含む触媒固定床上での分子状酸素によるo−キシレン及び/又はナフタレンの気相酸化によってフタル酸無水物を製造する方法。
- n−ブテンを含有する出発ガス混合物を、酸素を含有するガスと、場合により更に不活性ガス又は水蒸気と混合して、固定床反応器中で220〜490℃の温度にて、触媒固定床に配置された請求項10記載の触媒と接触させる、n−ブテンからブタジエンに酸化脱水素する方法。
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DE102014203725.5A DE102014203725A1 (de) | 2014-02-28 | 2014-02-28 | Oxidationskatalysator mit sattelförmigem Trägerformkörper |
PCT/EP2015/053897 WO2015128356A1 (de) | 2014-02-28 | 2015-02-25 | Oxidationskatalysator mit sattelfoermigem traegerformkoerper |
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2015
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US20150246343A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
JP2017509477A (ja) | 2017-04-06 |
CN106457225B (zh) | 2020-04-28 |
RU2692807C2 (ru) | 2019-06-27 |
US9925526B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 |
WO2015128356A1 (de) | 2015-09-03 |
KR20160127095A (ko) | 2016-11-02 |
KR102358652B1 (ko) | 2022-02-07 |
DE102014203725A1 (de) | 2015-09-03 |
TW201601833A (zh) | 2016-01-16 |
MY184788A (en) | 2021-04-22 |
TWI701077B (zh) | 2020-08-11 |
RU2016138320A3 (ja) | 2018-10-10 |
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