JP6493409B2 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6493409B2 JP6493409B2 JP2016549909A JP2016549909A JP6493409B2 JP 6493409 B2 JP6493409 B2 JP 6493409B2 JP 2016549909 A JP2016549909 A JP 2016549909A JP 2016549909 A JP2016549909 A JP 2016549909A JP 6493409 B2 JP6493409 B2 JP 6493409B2
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- lithium
- transition metal
- tungsten
- active material
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 30
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Description
本発明の実施形態に係る非水電解質二次電池の一例としては、リチウムを吸蔵及び放出可能な正極と、リチウムを吸蔵及び放出可能な負極と、非水電解質とを備える。本実施形態の一例である非水電解質二次電池は、例えば、正極および負極がセパレータを介して巻回もしくは積層された電極体と、液状の非水電解質である電解液とが電池外装缶に収容された構成を有するが、これに限定されるものではない。以下に、非水電解質二次電池の各構成部材について詳述する。
正極は、リチウム遷移金属酸化物を含む正極活物質を備え、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物にタングステンが固溶し、前記正極は酸化タングステンを含み、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に酸化タングステンが付着している。
本発明の実施形態に係るセパレータは、セルロースを含む。セルロースはその構造式に水酸基を含有するので、セルロースを含むセパレータは、水酸基が存在し、吸着水分を含んでいる。このため、セルロースを含むセパレータを上記正極と組合せて用いることで、HFによる正極活物質の腐食及び金属溶出が抑制され、サイクル時のガス発生が抑制される。
本発明の非水電解質二次電池の負極に用いる負極活物質としては、従来から用いられてきた負極活物質を用いることができる。リチウムを吸蔵放出可能な炭素材料、あるいはリチウムと合金を形成可能な金属またはその金属を含む合金化合物や、チタン酸リチウムが挙げられる。
非水電解質の溶媒としては、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネート等の環状カーボネートや、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート等の鎖状カーボネートを用いることができる。また、これらの水素の一部または全部をフッ素化されているものも用いることが可能である。特に、ガス発生を抑制するために、環状カーボネートを含むことが好ましい。環状カーボネートが含まれていると、リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に良質な被膜が形成されるため、HFによる正極活物質の腐食及び金属溶出が抑制され、サイクル時のガス発生が抑制される。
(実験例1)
[正極活物質の作製] 共沈により得られた[Ni0.5Co0.20Mn0.30](OH)2で表される水酸化物を500℃で焼成して、ニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物を得た。次に、炭酸リチウムと、上記で得たニッケルコバルトマンガン複合酸化物と、酸化タングステン(WO3)とを、リチウムと、ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンの総量と、タングステンとのモル比が1.20:1:0.005になるように、石川式らいかい乳鉢にて混合した。その後、この混合物を空気雰囲気中にて900℃で20時間熱処理後に粉砕することにより、タングステンを固溶させたLi1.07[Ni0.465Co0.186Mn0.279]O2で表されるリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト複合酸化物を得た。得られた粉末は、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)による観察により、酸化タングステン(WO3)の未反応物が残っていないことを確認した。
上記正極活物質と導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックと結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデンとを質量比が93.5:5:1.5ととなるように秤量し、分散媒としてのN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを加えて、これらを混練して正極合剤スラリーを調製した。次いで、上記正極合剤スラリーを、アルミニウム箔からなる正極集電体の両面に塗布し、これを乾燥させた後、圧延ローラーにより圧延し、さらにアルミニウム製の集電タブを取り付けることにより、正極集電体の両面に正極合剤層が形成された正極極板を作製した。得られた正極極板について、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)にて観察したところ、平均粒径が150nmの酸化タングステン粒子が、リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト複合酸化物粒子の表面に付着していた。
市販試薬であるLiOH・H2OとTiO2の原料粉末を、Li/Tiのモル混合比が化学量論比よりもややLi過剰となるように秤量し、これらを乳鉢で混合した。原料のTiO2には、アナターゼ型の結晶構造を有するものを用いた。混合後の原料粉末をAl2O3製のるつぼに入れ、大気雰囲気中で850℃の熱処理を12時間行い、Li4Ti5O12を得た。
上記の方法により得られたLi4Ti5O12と、導電剤としてのカーボンブラックと、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデンと、添加剤としてのフッ化黒鉛(ダイキン工業製、(CF)n)とを、質量比で、Li4Ti5O12:アセチレンブラック:PVdF:(CF)n=100:7:3:2.33となるように秤量し、分散媒としてのN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを加えて、これらを混練して負極合剤スラリーを調製した。次いで、上記負極合剤スラリーを、アルミニウム箔からなる負極集電体の両面に塗布し、これを乾燥させた後、圧延ローラーにより圧延し、さらにアルミニウム製の集電タブを取り付けることにより、負極集電体の両面に負極合剤層が形成された負極極板を作製した。
PC(プロピレンカーボネート)とEMC(エチルメチルカーボネート)とDMC(ジメチルカーボネート)を25:35:40の体積比で混合した混合溶媒に、溶質としてのLiPF6を1.2モル/リットルの割合で溶解させた。
このようにして得た正極および負極を、セルロースからなるセパレータを介して対向するように巻取って巻取り体を作製し、105℃150分の条件で真空乾燥した後、アルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス中にて、巻取り体を非水電解質とともにアルミニウムラミネートに封入することにより、電池A1を作製した。電池A1の設計容量は18.5mAhであった。
正極活物質の作製において、タングステンを固溶させたLi1.07[Ni0.465Co0.186Mn0.279]O2に、WO3を混合しなかったこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして電池A2を作製した。
正極活物質の作製において、混合物を空気雰囲気中にて900℃で20時間熱処理する際に、WO3を加えなかったこと以外、即ち、Li1.07[Ni0.465Co0.186Mn0.279]O2にタングステンを固溶させなかったこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして電池A3を作製した。
正極活物質の作製において、Li1.07[Ni0.465Co0.186Mn0.279]O2にタングステンを固溶させず、かつ、得られたLi1.07[Ni0.465Co0.186Mn0.279]O2に、WO3を混合しなかったこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして電池A4を作製した。
<充放電条件>
電池A1〜電池A4の各電池について、以下の条件で25サイクル充放電した。
(充放電条件)
1サイクル目の充放電条件:25℃の温度条件下において、0.19It(3.5mA)の充電電流で電池電圧が2.65Vまで定電流充電を行い、次に0.19It(3.5mA)の放電電流で1.5Vまで定電流放電した。
2サイクル目〜25サイクル目の充放電条件:25℃の温度条件下において、1.95It(36mA)の充電電流で電池電圧が2.65Vまで定電流充電を行い、更に電池電圧2.65Vの定電圧で電流が0.03It(0.5mA)になるまでになるまで定電圧充電を行った。次に、各セルを1.95It(36mA)の放電電流で1.5Vまで定電流放電した。尚、上記充電と放電との間の休止間隔は10分間とした。
(実験例5)
セパレータとしてポリプロピレン及びポリエチレンを主成分とする微多孔膜を用いたこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして、電池B1を作製した。
セパレータとしてポリプロピレン及びポリエチレンを主成分とする微多孔膜を用いたこと以外は、実験例2と同様にして、電池B2を作製した。
セパレータとしてポリプロピレン及びポリエチレンを主成分とする微多孔膜を用いたこと以外は、実験例3と同様にして、電池B3を作製した。
セパレータとしてポリプロピレン及びポリエチレンを主成分とする微多孔膜を用いたこと以外は、実験例4と同様にして、電池B4を作製した。
上記実験1と同様にして、電池B1〜B4について、25サイクル充放電後のガス発生量を算出した。
Claims (6)
- 正極と、負極と、正極と負極との間に配置されたセパレータと、非水電解質とを備える非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極はリチウム遷移金属酸化物を含む正極活物質を備え、
前記正極は酸化タングステンを含み、
前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物にタングステンが固溶し、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に酸化タングステンが付着し、
前記セパレータはセルロースを含む、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記正極に含まれる酸化タングステンにおけるタングステン元素は、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物中におけるリチウムを除く遷移金属に対し、0.01〜3.0モル%である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物に固溶するタングステン元素は、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物中におけるリチウムを除く遷移金属に対し、0.01〜3.0モル%である、請求項1または2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記酸化タングステンはWO3を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物は、ニッケル、コバルト及びマンガンを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記負極は、チタン酸リチウムを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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US20180048014A1 (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2018-02-15 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co. Ltd. | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
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WO2018030176A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-09 | 2018-02-15 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
CN108155372B (zh) * | 2016-12-04 | 2020-05-26 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种钛酸锂材料及其制备和应用 |
KR102176633B1 (ko) | 2017-02-28 | 2020-11-09 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
WO2018160023A1 (ko) | 2017-02-28 | 2018-09-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR102498342B1 (ko) | 2017-09-29 | 2023-02-10 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 과잉의 리튬 망간계 산화물 및 리튬 과잉의 리튬 망간계 산화물상에 리튬 텅스텐 화합물, 또는 추가적으로 텅스텐 화합물을 더 포함하는 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 |
KR20230112827A (ko) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-07-28 | 에스케이온 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
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JP2005018027A (ja) * | 2003-06-04 | 2005-01-20 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 多孔質体層を有する液晶素子、多孔質体膜の製造方法および多孔質体層を有する液晶素子の製造方法 |
JP2006066330A (ja) * | 2004-08-30 | 2006-03-09 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池用正極活物質、非水電解液二次電池及び正極活物質の製造方法 |
EP2341570A1 (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2011-07-06 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Lithium transition metal based compound powder and method for manufacturing the same |
JP2008198432A (ja) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-08-28 | Sony Corp | 電池 |
JP2009064576A (ja) * | 2007-09-04 | 2009-03-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 正極活物質およびリチウム二次電池 |
JP4766040B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-07 | 2011-09-07 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質及びそれを用いた非水電解質二次電池。 |
JP2011216295A (ja) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-27 | Panasonic Corp | 円筒型非水電解質二次電池 |
JP5382061B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-22 | 2014-01-08 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池用正極組成物及び該正極組成物を用いた正極スラリー |
JP5717461B2 (ja) * | 2011-02-17 | 2015-05-13 | 株式会社東芝 | 電池用電極及びその製造方法、非水電解質電池、電池パック及び活物質 |
JP6079634B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-10 | 2017-02-15 | 日本電気株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP5853799B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-22 | 2016-02-09 | 三洋電機株式会社 | アルカリ蓄電池 |
JP6092847B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2017-03-08 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
JP6191351B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-21 | 2017-09-06 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解液二次電池用正極活物質及びそれを用いた非水電解液二次電池 |
JP2014093189A (ja) * | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-19 | Kyocera Corp | 二次電池およびその使用方法、ならびに蓄電装置 |
CN103490055A (zh) * | 2013-09-06 | 2014-01-01 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 一种镍钴锰酸锂复合正极材料的制备方法 |
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