JP6492011B2 - 光合成のみによるポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の生産 - Google Patents
光合成のみによるポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の生産 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6492011B2 JP6492011B2 JP2015551556A JP2015551556A JP6492011B2 JP 6492011 B2 JP6492011 B2 JP 6492011B2 JP 2015551556 A JP2015551556 A JP 2015551556A JP 2015551556 A JP2015551556 A JP 2015551556A JP 6492011 B2 JP6492011 B2 JP 6492011B2
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- acetoacetyl
- cyanobacteria
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Description
(1)化学品と試薬
特に明記しなければ、全ての化学品は、ナカライテスク(Tokyo, Japan)又は和光純薬(Tokyo, Japan)から購入した。KODプラス高正確性DNAポリメラーゼは、東洋紡から購入した(Tokyo, Japan)。制限酵素とDNAライゲーションキットは、タカラから購入した(Shiga, Japan)。
全てのシネコシスティスPCC6803株(Williams JGK (1988) Method Enzymol 167: 766-778)は、100μmol photons m-2s-1の連続照明下、30℃で、20mM HEPES-KOH(pH8.0)で緩衝したBG-11培地(Rippka R et al. (1979) Journal of General Microbiology 111: 1-61)中で培養した。液体培養は、振とう(100r.p.m.)するか又は2-3%(v/v)CO2で富化した空気でバブルした。プラスミドクローニングに使用した大腸菌(Escherichia coli)DH5αは、振とう(180r.p.m)下、37度にてLB培地中で増殖させた。プラスミドの選抜と維持のために、カナマイシン(50μg/mL)又はアンピシリン(100μg/mL)を添加した。ラン藻におけるPHA生合成を促進するために、2段階培養を実施した。培養物は、最初に、後期対数増殖期までBG-11培地中で増殖させ、その後、回収し、洗浄し、硝酸ナトリウムを欠くBG-11培地に移植した。リン欠乏は、リン酸カリウムを含まないBG-11中で細胞を培養することによって行った。PHA蓄積における炭素補充の効果を研究するために、異なる炭素[0.2%(w/v)及び0.4%(w/v)のフルクトース及び/又は酢酸]を添加した。培養における空気交換制限条件は、棉栓で培養器の口を塞ぎ、アルミニウムフォイルで覆うことによって行った(上記非特許文献7)。ラン藻培養物は、上記の培養条件で、7日間、10日間、又は14日間培養を行い、遠心(8000g, 10分)によって回収し、その後、凍結乾燥した。
シネコシスティスの形質転換のための構築物は、pTKP2031Vに由来する。pTKP2031Vを、カナマイシン耐性カセットとともに、部位slr2030とslr2031の間のゲノムに相同組換えで挿入するためにデザインした(Satoh S et al. (2001) J Biol Chem 276: 4293-4297)。全てのラン藻構築物の発現は、psbAIIプロモーターの制御下とした。β-ケトチオラーゼ(phaACn)とアセトアセチルCoAレダクターゼ(phaBCn)を含む遺伝子クラスターを、プライマーphaABCn(F;NdeI)及びphaABCn(R;HpaI)(表1)を用いて、C.ネカトールH16の染色体DNAから増幅した。
約25-30mgの凍結乾燥させたラン藻細胞をメタノールで洗浄し、65℃でオーバーナイトで乾燥させた。続いて乾燥細胞を65℃で48時間クロロホルムで抽出した。クロロホルム抽出物を85%(v/v)メタノールと15%(v/v)濃硫酸からなる溶液で、100℃で140分間、メタノール分解に供した(Braunegg G et al. (1978) Eur J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 6: 29-37)。ヒドロキシアシルメチルエステルを含む有機相を、HP-5 column(Agilent, USA)を装備したAgilent 7890A GC/5975 MSD systemを用いてガスクロマトグラフィー質量分析を行った。
トリゾール試薬(Invitrogen, USA)をPureLink RNA Mini Kit(Invitrogen, USA)と組み合わせて用い、製造業者のプロトコールに従って、全RNAを細胞から抽出した。RNA試料に残っている微量のDNAをDNase I(Takara, Japan)で消化することにより除去した。RNA試料の量と質をBioanalyzer 2100(Agilent, USA)を用いて分析した。
cDNA合成には、250ngのRNAを使用し、QuantiTect Reverse Transcription Kit(Qiagen, USA)を利用した。リアルタイムPCR定量には、Thunderbird SYBR qPCR Mix(Toyobo, Japan)及び遺伝子特異的プライマーを使用し、Mx3000P QPCR system(Agilent, USA)を利用した。サイクリング条件は、次の通りである。95℃で10分を40サイクル、95℃で15秒、及び60℃で1分。反応特異性を保証するため、各増幅の後に融解曲線分析(60℃-95℃)を行った。転写レベルは、定量化サイクル(Ct)の決定に基づき定量した。対象となる遺伝子の転写レベルを、本研究に用いたハウスキーピング遺伝子(16S rRNA)のレベルで標準化した。pTKP2031V(標準物質)に対するシネコシスティスPCC6803株CCsNphT7BCn及びCCsACnBCn(標的)における対象遺伝子の発現レベル、及びCCsACnBCn(標準物質)に対するCCsNphT7BCn(標的)における対象遺伝子の発現レベルを比較するために、比較定量化を行った。
各試料につき、2μgの全RNAをRibo-Zero rRNA removal kit(Epicentre, USA)を用いたリボソームRNA除去に供した。RNA-seqのためのcDNAライブラリーは、製造業者の説明書に従って、Illumina TruSeq Stranded mRNA Sample Preparation Kit(Illumina, USA)を利用しrRNAを除去した全RNAから構築した。簡単に言うと、cDNAライブラリーの調製は、次の段階を含む。RNA断片化、cDNA合成、3’末端アデニル化、アダプターライゲーション、及びcDNA鋳型の富化。ライブラリーの定量は、Bioanalyzer 2100(Agilent, USA)を用いて行い、4〜6pMの鋳型をクラスター生成に用いた。ライブラリーは、2x250 paired endプロトコールによりMiseq(Illumina, USA)装置で配列決定した。配列データは、アクセション番号GSE50688としてNCBI Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)に供している。RNA-seqデータ分析は、CLC Genomics Workbench 6 software(CLC bio, Denmark)を利用して行った。配列の読み取りは、低品質の読み取りを整え、20bpよりも短い読み取りを選別するために前処理した。選別した配列の読み取りをシネコシスティスPCC 6803ゲノム(NC_000911)にマップし、最大2つのミスマッチを許容した。参照ゲノム配列及び注釈をNCBIからダウンロードした(2013年5月23日)。非コードRNAにマップされた配列読み取り及び特有の位置にマップされなかった読み取りは、さらなる解析から除外した。転写産物レベルは、遺伝子の長さと試料においてマップされた読み取りの全数により遺伝子の読み取り数を標準化するRPKM(reads per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads)(Mortazavi A et al. (2008) Nat Meth 5: 621-628)で表した。統計解析を行い、FDR(False Discovery Rate)p値補正が<0.05である遺伝子を、差異のある制御を受けた遺伝子として決定した(Baggerly KA et al. (2003) Bioinformatics 19: 1477-1483)。
(1)組換えラン藻における増強されたPHA生産
よく研究されたカプリアビダス ネカトール(Cupriavidus necator)の生合成経路において、P(3HB)合成は3段階の反応で生じ、β-ケトチオラーゼによるアセチルCoAのアセトアセチルCoAへの縮合で始まる(Tsuge T (2002) Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 94: 579-584)。ラン藻におけるアセチルCoAプールは、光合成条件下で熱力学的に好ましくない縮合反応を前に推進するのに不十分であると仮定されている(Lan EI, Liao JC (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109: 6018-6023)。アセトアセチルCoAを生成させるために、ネイティブのβ-ケトチオラーゼが仲介する縮合のみに依存することに代え、ストレプトマイセス(Streptomyces sp.)CL190由来のアセトアセチルCoA合成酵素(nphT7Ss)をP(3HB)経路デザインに組み入れた。
phaCSs、phaASs及びphaBSsから構成されるシネコシスティスのネイティブPHA生合成遺伝子の発現レベルをリアルタイムPCR分析によりモニターした(図2A及び2B)。驚くべきことに、シネコシスティスCCsNphT7BCn株におけるphaASsとphaBSsの発現レベルを定量化すると、TKP2031V株に対して約2倍低い発現が示された。しかしながら、調査した組換えシネコシスティス(pTKP2013V、CCsACnBCn、及びCCsNphT7BCn)において、ネイティブphaCSs遺伝子の発現レベルには、有意な差異は認められなかった。同じオペロン上のゲノムに導入されたphaCCsとphaBCnの発現レベルは、CCsNphT7BCn株では、CCsACnBCn株と比較して少なくとも3倍低い発現を示した。CCsNphT7BCnにおけるより高いPHA蓄積レベルにもかかわらず、この株における大部分のPHA生合成関連遺伝子の発現レベルは、CCsACnBCn及びpTKP2013Vと比較して相対的に低かった。
ラン藻におけるPHA蓄積への知見を得るために、異なるPHA生産能を持つ組換えシネコシスティスの転写産物を解析した。光独立栄養条件下、窒素欠乏BG-11で7日間培養した細胞からRNA-seqライブラリーを調製した。6サンプルに対して全体で9300万の読み取り(サンプル当たりに平均1550万の読み取り)をもたらすイルミナプラットフォーム(Illumina platform)を用いて配列決定を行った。各組換えネコシティスサンプルに対する2つの生物学的反復実験の間の散布図が0.96-0.98の間の相関係数を示したが、これは配列データの再現性を示している。各遺伝子の発現レベルは、RPKM(reads per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads)として定量化した。
<223> 人工的に合成されたプライマーの配列
Claims (11)
- アセトアセチルCoA合成酵素、アセトアセチルCoAレダクターゼ、及びPHA重合酵素が導入された藻類。
- アセトアセチルCoA合成酵素がnphT7である、請求項1に記載の藻類。
- アセトアセチルCoAレダクターゼがphaBである、請求項1に記載の藻類。
- PHA重合酵素がphaCである、請求項1に記載の藻類。
- 藻類がラン藻である、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の藻類。
- アセトアセチルCoA合成酵素を藻類に導入することを含む、藻類における光合成によるポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の生産能を増強する方法。
- 請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の藻類を光合成可能な条件下で培養することを含む、ポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の製造方法。
- 炭素源の施用下で培養する、請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 炭素源が二酸化炭素である、請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 炭素源が酢酸である、請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 空気交換制限条件下で培養を行う、請求項7に記載の製造方法。
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