JP6196982B2 - ポリジエンを製造するためのプロセス - Google Patents
ポリジエンを製造するためのプロセス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6196982B2 JP6196982B2 JP2014544776A JP2014544776A JP6196982B2 JP 6196982 B2 JP6196982 B2 JP 6196982B2 JP 2014544776 A JP2014544776 A JP 2014544776A JP 2014544776 A JP2014544776 A JP 2014544776A JP 6196982 B2 JP6196982 B2 JP 6196982B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polymerization
- neodymium
- lanthanide
- sulfoxide
- monomer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 55
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 187
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 145
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 113
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 97
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxophosphane Chemical compound P=O AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical compound C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 73
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 40
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical group CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 34
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 31
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 26
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 16
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 12
- KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTYYGOKRVBIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000002901 organomagnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N tert-butyl-[(1r,3s,5z)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(2-diphenylphosphorylethylidene)-4-methylidenecyclohexyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=C)\C1=C/CP(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229920013730 reactive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 8
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 8
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triiodomethane Natural products IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VMLVLKLHQLWCOB-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Nd+3].[Nd+3].[O-]P([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])=O Chemical compound [Nd+3].[Nd+3].[O-]P([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])=O VMLVLKLHQLWCOB-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MNZAKDODWSQONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dibutylphosphorylbutane Chemical compound CCCCP(=O)(CCCC)CCCC MNZAKDODWSQONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JJHHIJFTHRNPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenyl sulfoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JJHHIJFTHRNPIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoform Chemical compound BrC(Br)Br DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 4
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000743 hydrocarbylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabromomethane Chemical compound BrC(Br)(Br)Br HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FIQMHBFVRAXMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphane oxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FIQMHBFVRAXMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006236 Super Abrasion Furnace Substances 0.000 description 3
- XSLRMWCMNXMRIL-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Nd+3].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Nd+3].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [Nd+3].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Nd+3].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-] XSLRMWCMNXMRIL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002601 lanthanoid compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- LWNGJAHMBMVCJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenoxy)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F LWNGJAHMBMVCJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CQWYAXCOVZKLHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CBr CQWYAXCOVZKLHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBXRMKZFYQISIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,1-n',1-n',2-n,2-n,2-n',2-n'-octamethylethene-1,1,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound CN(C)C(N(C)C)=C(N(C)C)N(C)C CBXRMKZFYQISIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=C SDJHPPZKZZWAKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RCJMVGJKROQDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC=CC(C)=C RCJMVGJKROQDCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQIIEHBULBHJKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropylalumane Chemical compound CC(C)C[AlH2] LQIIEHBULBHJKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJSBUWDGPXGFGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(C)=CC=C CJSBUWDGPXGFGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical group [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000006238 High Abrasion Furnace Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006242 Semi-Reinforcing Furnace Substances 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFKJQIJFRMRSKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 HFKJQIJFRMRSKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IGQPTDPIKQDXBU-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Nd+3].CCCCC(CC)COP([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)COP([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)COP([O-])=O Chemical compound [Nd+3].CCCCC(CC)COP([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)COP([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)COP([O-])=O IGQPTDPIKQDXBU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- WJYIOPFRKDGLSO-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Nd+3].CCCCCCCCCc1ccc(OP([O-])=O)cc1.CCCCCCCCCc1ccc(OP([O-])=O)cc1.CCCCCCCCCc1ccc(OP([O-])=O)cc1 Chemical compound [Nd+3].CCCCCCCCCc1ccc(OP([O-])=O)cc1.CCCCCCCCCc1ccc(OP([O-])=O)cc1.CCCCCCCCCc1ccc(OP([O-])=O)cc1 WJYIOPFRKDGLSO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- FJGATKHRWKJAIE-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Nd+3].CCCCCCOP([O-])=O.CCCCCCOP([O-])=O.CCCCCCOP([O-])=O Chemical compound [Nd+3].CCCCCCOP([O-])=O.CCCCCCOP([O-])=O.CCCCCCOP([O-])=O FJGATKHRWKJAIE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- YZFVRIMIIOUERW-UHFFFAOYSA-K [PH2]([O-])=O.[Nd+3].[PH2]([O-])=O.[PH2]([O-])=O Chemical compound [PH2]([O-])=O.[Nd+3].[PH2]([O-])=O.[PH2]([O-])=O YZFVRIMIIOUERW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- HPUPGAFDTWIMBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [methyl(phenoxy)phosphoryl]oxybenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)(C)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HPUPGAFDTWIMBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AQIHMSVIAGNIDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl bromide Chemical compound BrC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AQIHMSVIAGNIDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XOCWTYIVWYOSGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylalumane Chemical compound C(CC)[AlH]CCC XOCWTYIVWYOSGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1 SNHMUERNLJLMHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003588 lysine group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910012375 magnesium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WRYKIHMRDIOPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;benzene Chemical compound [Mg+2].C1=CC=[C-]C=C1.C1=CC=[C-]C=C1 WRYKIHMRDIOPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJJBSBKRXUVBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;butane Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCC[CH2-].CCC[CH2-] KJJBSBKRXUVBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLPASUVGCQPFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;ethane Chemical compound [Mg+2].[CH2-]C.[CH2-]C DLPASUVGCQPFFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVOYYLUVELMWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;hexane Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCC[CH2-].CCCCC[CH2-] RVOYYLUVELMWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZFCBBSYZJPPIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;hexane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].CCCCC[CH2-] LZFCBBSYZJPPIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GBRJQTLHXWRDOV-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;hexane;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].CCCCC[CH2-] GBRJQTLHXWRDOV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WCFJMDWWJOCLSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;methanidylbenzene Chemical compound [Mg+2].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1 WCFJMDWWJOCLSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGEFGPVWRJCFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;methanidylbenzene;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC=C1 QGEFGPVWRJCFQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DQZLQYHGCKLKGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;propane Chemical compound [Mg+2].C[CH-]C.C[CH-]C DQZLQYHGCKLKGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- DKUIXLPCCDROFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanolate;methylaluminum(2+) Chemical compound [O-]C.[O-]C.[Al+2]C DKUIXLPCCDROFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQBCXNQILNPAPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(dimethyl)alumane Chemical compound [O-]C.C[Al+]C BQBCXNQILNPAPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQLIEGFPDMCSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K methoxymethanedithioate neodymium(3+) Chemical compound [Nd+3].COC([S-])=S.COC([S-])=S.COC([S-])=S DQLIEGFPDMCSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- YDCHPLOFQATIDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-bromoacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CBr YDCHPLOFQATIDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWGQITQOBPXVRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-bromobenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Br SWGQITQOBPXVRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFQQDNMQADCHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-bromobutanoate Chemical compound CCC(Br)C(=O)OC UFQQDNMQADCHGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ACEONLNNWKIPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-bromopropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)Br ACEONLNNWKIPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMFJVYMFCAIRAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-bromobenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 KMFJVYMFCAIRAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQEVIFKPZOGBMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-bromopropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCBr KQEVIFKPZOGBMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZNGTXVOZOWWKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-bromobenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 CZNGTXVOZOWWKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEOFKBGXHPLJHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl carboniodidate Chemical compound COC(I)=O ZEOFKBGXHPLJHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound COS(C)(=O)=O MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YSTQWZZQKCCBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L methylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound C[Al](Cl)Cl YSTQWZZQKCCBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UEBCFKSPKUURKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L methylaluminum(2+);difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Al+2]C UEBCFKSPKUURKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FCUCJXXFUVRUTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L methylaluminum(2+);diphenoxide Chemical compound [Al+2]C.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 FCUCJXXFUVRUTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GRQITJNXVVYEPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfinylcyclobutane Chemical compound CS(=O)C1CCC1 GRQITJNXVVYEPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISJDYHYHRZQRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfinylcyclohexane Chemical compound CS(=O)C1CCCCC1 ISJDYHYHRZQRKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXQKKULKIQXSBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfinylcyclopentane Chemical compound CS(=O)C1CCCC1 CXQKKULKIQXSBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHHAPIVNNLYRGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfinylcyclopropane Chemical compound CS(=O)C1CC1 YHHAPIVNNLYRGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCDWETOKTFWTHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfonylbenzene Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCDWETOKTFWTHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDBSABHZBDAJBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfonylcyclobutane Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1CCC1 KDBSABHZBDAJBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVZYBWYGYVTPMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfonylcyclohexane Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1CCCCC1 JVZYBWYGYVTPMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STEFDMBZXJZSGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfonylcyclopentane Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1CCCC1 STEFDMBZXJZSGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYKALBWEPNHUGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfonylcyclopropane Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1CC1 TYKALBWEPNHUGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrichlorosilane Chemical compound C[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl JLUFWMXJHAVVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetraiodide Chemical compound I[Ti](I)(I)I NLLZTRMHNHVXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- MCWWHQMTJNSXPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribenzylalumane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C[Al](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MCWWHQMTJNSXPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKNHZOAONLKYQL-UHFFFAOYSA-K tribromoindigane Chemical compound Br[In](Br)Br JKNHZOAONLKYQL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylalumane Chemical compound CCCC[Al](CCCC)CCCC SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVRKTAOFDKFAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributylstannanylium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[Sn+](CCCC)CCCC FVRKTAOFDKFAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ORVMIVQULIKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(phenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 ORVMIVQULIKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IELLVVGAXDLVSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexyl phosphate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1OP(OC1CCCCC1)(=O)OC1CCCCC1 IELLVVGAXDLVSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIYNWDQDHKSRCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylalumane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1[Al](C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 ZIYNWDQDHKSRCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGVAHHCHMECJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclopentyl phosphate Chemical compound C1CCCC1OP(OC1CCCC1)(=O)OC1CCCC1 QJGVAHHCHMECJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHRVKCZTBPSUIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCC OHRVKCZTBPSUIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPLMQFARLJLZAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(iodo)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](I)(CC)CC PPLMQFARLJLZAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQPIFPBKXYBDGV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethylstannanylium;bromide Chemical compound CC[Sn](Br)(CC)CC KQPIFPBKXYBDGV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JNLSTWIBJFIVHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroindigane Chemical compound F[In](F)F JNLSTWIBJFIVHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XRADHEAKQRNYQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroneodymium Chemical compound F[Nd](F)F XRADHEAKQRNYQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARIHFGQDMNMGQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodo(methyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](I)(I)I ARIHFGQDMNMGQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBVCQKOZPHBDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triiodo(phenyl)silane Chemical compound I[Si](I)(I)C1=CC=CC=C1 HBVCQKOZPHBDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMUKCGUDVKEQPL-UHFFFAOYSA-K triiodoindigane Chemical compound I[In](I)I RMUKCGUDVKEQPL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- MZGUIAFRJWSYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethylstannanylium;bromide Chemical compound C[Sn](C)(C)Br MZGUIAFRJWSYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Al](CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC LFXVBWRMVZPLFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJAVUVZBMMXBRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripentyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCC)OCCCCC QJAVUVZBMMXBRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOJQVUCWSDRWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripentylalumane Chemical compound CCCCC[Al](CCCCC)CCCCC JOJQVUCWSDRWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQPMDTQDAXRDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylalumane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Al](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 JQPMDTQDAXRDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBWKIWSBJXDJDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethyl chloride Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 JBWKIWSBJXDJDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXFUXNFMHFCELM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropan-2-yl phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)OP(=O)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C OXFUXNFMHFCELM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylalumane Chemical compound CCC[Al](CCC)CCC CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDHQENQYSFSSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1-methylcyclopentyl)alumane Chemical compound C1CCCC1(C)[Al](C1(C)CCCC1)C1(C)CCCC1 QDHQENQYSFSSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYWRONRUDLXRGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,2-dimethylpropyl)alumane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C[Al](CC(C)(C)C)CC(C)(C)C MYWRONRUDLXRGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHRAFNQICZNWIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,6-dimethylphenyl)alumane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1[Al](C=1C(=CC=CC=1C)C)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZHRAFNQICZNWIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHAOCGKAMRAFMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-ethylhexyl)alumane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C[Al](CC(CC)CCCC)CC(CC)CCCC FHAOCGKAMRAFMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSITXTIRYQMZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-methylphenyl)alumane Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1[Al](C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 WSITXTIRYQMZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQXYINNETWHZTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butyl phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OP(=O)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C CQXYINNETWHZTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAKQLTYPVIOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylalumane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Al](C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C RTAKQLTYPVIOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc iodide Chemical compound I[Zn]I UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F136/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F136/02—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F136/04—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
- C08F136/06—Butadiene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/54—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with other compounds thereof
- C08F4/545—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with other compounds thereof rare earths being present, e.g. triethylaluminium + neodymium octanoate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
- C08F2/40—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation using retarding agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
Description
ネオジムメトキシド、ネオジムエトキシド、ネオジムイソプロポキシド、ネオジム2-エチルヘキサオキシド、ネオジムフェノキシド、ネオジムノニルフェノキシド及びネオジムナフトキシドが挙げられる。
ン(V)、三臭化アンチモン、三ヨウ化アルミニウム、三フッ化アルミニウム
、三塩化ガリウム、三臭化ガリウム、三ヨウ化ガリウム、三フッ化ガリウム、三塩化インジウム、三臭化インジウム、三ヨウ化インジウム、三フッ化インジウム、四塩化チタン、四臭化チタン、四ヨウ化チタン、二塩化亜鉛、二臭化亜鉛、二ヨウ化亜鉛及び二フッ化亜鉛が挙げられる。
メチルフェノキシスルホキシド、メチルメトキシスルホキシド、メチルエトキシスルホキシド、エチルフェノキシスルホキシド、エチルメトキシスルホキシド、エチルエトキシスルホキシド、フェニルフェノキシスルホキシド、フェニルメトキシスルホキシド及びフェニルエトキシスルホキシドが挙げられる。また、これらの化合物は、例えばメチルスルフィン酸フェニル及びフェニルスルフィン酸メチル等の、スルフィン酸ヒドロカルビルと称してもよいことが、当業者には理解されよう。
以下の実施例では、ポリマーサンプルのムーニー粘度(ML1+4)は、100℃で、モンサントムーニー粘度計を用い、大型ローターを用い、ウォームアップ時間1分、実行時間4分で測定した。ポリマーサンプルの数平均(Mn)及び重量平均(Mw)分子量はゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定し、グラム/モルの単位で報告した。GPC機器は、示差屈折率(RI)検出器及び紫外線(UV)吸収検出器を備えていた。UV検出器信号のRI検出器信号に対する比であるGPC UV/RI比を用いて、ポリマーサンプルの%官能基性を算出した。計算は、官能化シス−1,4−ポリブタジエンのGPCUV/RI比を、アニオン重合を用いて製造し同一Mnを有する官能化ポリブタジエンサンプルのUV/RI比に参照することにより行った。ポリマーサンプルのシス−1,4−結合、トランス−1,4−結合、及び1,2−結合の含有量は、赤外分光で測定した。重合の結果は、表1に示される。
重合リアクタは、高粘度のポリマーセメントを混合可能な機械的アジテータ(シャフト及びブレード)を備える1ガロンのステンレスのシリンダーから成っていた。リアクタの上部は、重合の継続時間中リアクタ内部に発生する1,3-ブタジエン蒸気を輸送し、凝縮し、かつリサイクルするための還流凝縮器システムに接続されていた。また、リアクタは、冷水によって冷却を行う冷却ジャケットを備えていた。重合熱は、一部は還流凝縮器システムを用いた内部冷却により放散し、一部は冷却ジャケットへの熱移動を利用した外部冷却により放散した。
2.73mlのヘキサン中の1.0MのDIBAHを触媒液に加え、0.39mlのトルエン中の0.2Mのジフェニルスルホン(Ph2SO3)を1,3-ブタジエンに加えた以外は実施例1の記載と同じ手順を、実施例2に用いた。実施例1と実施例2の結果の比較によれば、本発明の実施により、結果及び性質の有益なバランスがもたらされたことが示された。すなわち、重合中のジフェニルスルホンの存在が、1分当たり2.5%の転化に重合速度を調整し、これは、重合制御不能及びリアクタ汚染の顕著なリスクなしに重合を産業的に有用な速度で行うことができることを示唆する。さらに、重合中にジフェニルスルホンが存在することにより、官能基性のパーセンテージが増加した。
0.78mlのトルエン中の0.1Mのジメチルスルホン(Me2SO2)を1,3-ブタジエンに加えた以外は実施例2の記載と同じ手順を、実施例3に用いた。実施例1と実施例3の結果の比較によれば、本発明の実施により、結果及び性質の有益なバランスがもたらされたことが示された。すなわち、重合中のジフェニルスルホンの存在が、1分当たり3.3%の転化に重合速度を調整し、これは、重合制御不能及びリアクタ汚染の顕著なリスクなしに重合を産業的に有用な速度で行うことができることを示唆する。さらに、重合中にジフェニルスルホンが存在することにより、官能基性のパーセンテージが増加した。
0.39mlのトルエンの中の0.2Mのジフェニルスルホキシド(Ph2SO)を1,3-ブタジエンに加えた以外は実施例2の記載と同じ手順を、実施例4に用いた。実施例1と実施例4の結果の比較によれば、本発明の実施により、結果及び性質の有益なバランスがもたらされたことが示された。すなわち、重合中のジフェニルスルホキシドの存在が、1分当たり2.2%の転化に重合速度を調整し、これは、重合制御不能及びリアクタ汚染の顕著なリスクなしに重合を産業的に有用な速度で行うことができることを示唆する。さらに、重合中にジフェニルスルホキシドが存在することにより、官能基性のパーセンテージが増加した。
0.39mlのトルエン中の0.2Mのジメチルスルホキシド(Me2SO)を1,3-ブタジエンに加えた以外は実施例2の記載と同じ手順を、実施例5に用いた。実施例1と実施例5の結果の比較によれば、本発明の実施により、結果及び性質の有益なバランスがもたらされたことが示された。すなわち、重合中のジメチルスルホキシドの存在が、1分当たり2.3%の転化に重合速度を調整し、これは、重合制御不能及びリアクタ汚染の顕著なリスクなしに重合を産業的に有用な速度で行うことができることを示唆する。さらに、重合中にジメチルスルホキシドが存在することにより、官能基性のパーセンテージが増加した。
0.39mlのトルエン中の0.2Mのトリフェニルホスフィンオキシド(Ph3PO)を1,3-ブタジエンに加えた以外は実施例2の記載と同じ手順を、実施例6に用いた。実施例1と実施例6の結果の比較によれば、本発明の実施により、結果及び性質の有益なバランスがもたらされたことが示された。すなわち、重合中のトリフェニルホスフィンオキシドの存在が、1分当たり2.0%の転化に重合速度を調整し、これは、重合制御不能及びリアクタ汚染の顕著なリスクなしに重合を産業的に有用な速度で行うことができることを示唆する。さらに、重合中にトリフェニルホスフィンオキシドが存在することにより、官能基性のパーセンテージが増加した。
0.39mlのヘキサンの中の0.2Mのトリブチルホスフィンオキシド(Bu3PO)を1,3-ブタジエンに加えた以外は実施例2の記載と同じ手順を、実施例7に用いた。実施例1と実施例7の結果の比較によれば、本発明の実施により、結果及び性質の有益なバランスがもたらされたことが示された。すなわち、重合中のトリブチルホスフィンオキシドの存在が、1分当たり2.0%の転化に重合速度を調整し、これは、重合制御不能及びリアクタ汚染の顕著なリスクなしに重合を産業的に有用な速度で行うことができることを示唆する。さらに、重合中にトリブチルホスフィンオキシドが存在することにより、官能基性のパーセンテージが増加した。
2.50mlのヘキサン中の1.0MのDIBAHを触媒液に加え、かつ7.8mlのヘキサン中の0.01Mのリン酸トリフェニル((PhO)3PO)を1,3-ブタジエンに加えた以外は実施例2の記載と同じ手順を、実施例8に用いた。実施例1と実施例8の結果の比較によれば、本発明の実施により、結果及び性質の有益なバランスがもたらされたことが示された。すなわち、重合中のリン酸トリフェニルの存在が、1分当たり2.1%の転化に重合速度を調整し、これは、重合制御不能及びリアクタ汚染の顕著なリスクなしに重合を産業的に有用な速度で行うことができることを示唆する。さらに、重合中にリン酸トリフェニルが存在することにより、官能基性のパーセンテージが増加した。
2.50mlのヘキサン中の1.0MのDIBAHを触媒液に加え、かつ7.8mlのヘキサン中の0.01Mのリン酸トリブチル((BuO)3PO)を1,3-ブタジエンに加えた以外は実施例2の記載と同じ手順を、実施例9に用いた。実施例1と実施例9の結果の比較によれば、本発明の実施により、結果及び性質の有益なバランスがもたらされたことが示された。すなわち、重合中のリン酸トリブチルの存在が、1分当たり2.4%の転化に重合速度を調整し、これは、重合制御不能及びリアクタ汚染の顕著なリスクなしに重合を産業的に有用な速度で行うことができることを示唆する。さらに、重合中にリン酸トリブチルが存在することにより、官能基性のパーセンテージが増加した。
Claims (14)
- ポリジエンを製造するための方法であって、
(i)スルホン、スルホキシド及びホスフィンオキシドが実質的に不在の条件下で、ランタニド含有化合物、アルキル化剤、及びハロゲン供与源を組み合わせることにより、活性触媒を形成するステップと、
(ii)活性触媒ならびにスルホン、スルホキシド及びホスフィンオキシドから成る群より選択される重合調節物の存在下で、共役ジエンモノマーを重合させるステップとを含み、アルキル化剤は、アルミノキサン及び式AlR n X 3-n で表される有機アルミニウム化合物を含み、式中、各Rは同一でも異なってもよく、炭素原子を介してアルミニウム原子に結合される一価の有機基であり、各Xは同一でも異なってもよく、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、カルボキシラート基、アルコキシド基、またはアリールオキシド基であり、nは1〜3の整数である、方法。 - 活性触媒は、共役ジエンモノマーの存在下で予備成形され、かつ活性触媒を形成する前記ステップ中に使用されるランタニド含有化合物の量は、モノマー100g当たりのランタニド含有化合物が2mmolを超え、前記重合させるステップで使用される活性触媒は、共役ジエンモノマー100g当たり2mmol未満のランタニド含有化合物を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記形成するステップは、前記ランタニド含有化合物中のランタニド金属のモル当たり重合調節物1モル未満の存在下で行われる、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記形成するステップは、スルホン、スルホキシド及びホスフィンオキシドの完全な不在下で行われる、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 活性触媒は、共役ジエンモノマーの存在下で共役ジエンモノマー100g当たり2mmol未満のランタニド含有化合物を導入することによりその場で形成される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- アルキル化剤はメチルアルミノキサンを含み、ハロゲン供与源は臭素含有化合物を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記重合させるステップは重合混合物の全重量に対して20重量%未満の有機溶媒を含む重合混合物内で行われる、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 重合調節物は、式
式中、各Rはそれぞれ独立に一価の有機基であり、または式中、2つのR基が結合して二価の基を形成する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 重合調節物は、式
式中、各Rはそれぞれ独立に一価の有機基であり、または式中、2つのR基が結合して二価の有機基を形成する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 重合調節物は、式
式中、各Rはそれぞれ独立に一価の有機基であり、または式中、2つのR基が結合して二価の有機基を形成し、または式中、3つのR基が結合して三価基を形成する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 重合調節物のランタニド含有化合物に対するモル比が0.1:1〜10:1である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記重合させるステップは、反応性鎖末端を有するポリジエンを製造し、かつ官能化剤を反応性鎖末端と反応させるステップを更に含む、請求項1〜7及び11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記重合させるステップの前に、活性触媒に重合調節物を導入するステップを更に含む、請求項1〜7、11及び12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 共役ジエンモノマーに重合調節物を直接かつ個々に導入するステップを更に含む、請求項1〜7、及び11〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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