JP6098540B2 - 半導体装置及び半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置及び半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 125
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 144
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 13
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 31
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000005224 laser annealing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
(特徴1)極大値N1を有する深さよりも表面側に、極大値N1の1/10の第1導電型不純物の濃度N5を有する深さが存在していてもよい。この場合、濃度N5を有する深さから極大値N1を有する深さまでの距離cが、距離bの2倍より大きくてもよい。
(特徴2)半導体基板にダイオードとIGBTが形成されており、第1導電型領域がダイオードのカソード領域であってもよい。
(特徴3)極大値N1を有する深さが表面から0.3〜0.7μmの範囲内に存在してもよい。
(特徴4)極大値N3を有する深さが表面から0.5〜3.0μmの範囲内に存在してもよい。
次に、図4に示すように、半導体基板12の裏面に、n型不純物を注入する。ここでは、n型不純物の平均停止位置が、半導体基板12の下面12bから深さD3の位置となるように、注入エネルギーを調節する。
次に、炉またはレーザアニール装置を用いることによって、半導体基板12をアニールする。ここでは、バッファ注入工程でn型不純物が注入された深さD3の位置が十分に加熱されるようにアニールを行う。また、アニールは、半導体基板12の表面が溶融しない温度で行う。これによって、バッファ注入工程で注入されたn型不純物を拡散、活性化させる。これによって、図5に示すように、半導体基板12中にバッファ領域34が形成される。すなわち、バッファアニール工程を実施することで、図2に示すようにガウス分布状にn型不純物が分布するバッファ領域34が形成される。バッファ注入工程におけるn型不純物の平均停止深さが深さD3であるので、バッファアニール工程後に、図2に示すように深さD3にn型不純物濃度の極大値N3が形成される。また、バッファ領域34よりも上面12a側のn型不純物濃度が低い領域は、ドリフト領域32となる。
次に、図6に示すように、半導体基板12の下面12bに、n型不純物を注入する。ここでは、n型不純物の平均停止位置が、バッファ領域34よりも浅い位置となるように注入エネルギーを調節する。また、コンタクト注入工程では、バッファ注入工程よりも高い濃度でn型不純物を注入する。このため、コンタクト注入工程でn型不純物の注入を受けた領域(すなわち、下面12b近傍の領域)には、高密度の結晶欠陥が形成される。
次に、レーザアニールによって、半導体基板12をアニールする。ここでは、半導体基板12の下面12bにレーザを照射することによって、下面12b近傍を局所的にアニールする。より詳細には、レーザアニールは、バッファ領域34に多くの熱が伝わらないように、短時間で行われる。また、レーザアニールは、下面12b近傍の半導体層が溶融する温度まで昇温するように実施される。具体的には、深さD2よりも深い側(上面12a側)の領域が溶融しないように、レーザアニールが実施される。レーザアニールによって溶融した領域36は、その後、固化して再結晶化する。コンタクト注入工程で注入されたn型不純物は、溶融した領域36内に略均等に拡散する。このため、領域36が再結晶化すると、領域36は高濃度にn型不純物を含有するコンタクト領域36となる。すなわち、図7に示すように、半導体基板12の下面12bに露出する範囲に、コンタクト領域36が形成される。
図9は、比較例1の半導体装置のコンタクト領域36、バッファ領域34、ドリフト領域32のn型不純物濃度分布を示している。比較例1の半導体装置の製造方法では、まず、半導体基板の深さD3にn型不純物を注入する。次に、半導体基板12の下面12b近傍(例えば、深さD1)にn型不純物を注入する。次に、レーザアニールによって、半導体基板12の下面12bを溶融させる。このとき、図9に示す深さD2までの領域を溶融させる。これによって、コンタクト領域36が形成される。また、深さD3近傍の領域は、溶融しないものの、レーザアニールにより加熱される。このため、深さD3近傍においてn型不純物が活性化し、深さD3近傍にバッファ領域34が形成される。これによって、図9に示すようにn型不純物が分布する半導体装置が得られる。比較例1の方法では、レーザアニールの熱によってバッファ領域34を形成するため、バッファ領域34を下面12bに近い位置に形成する必要がある(すなわち、深さD3を浅くする必要がある)。このため、バッファ領域34を深い位置に形成することができない。したがって、比較例1の半導体装置は、下面12bにキズが生じたときに、耐圧が低下しやすい。また、深さD2におけるn型不純物濃度が高いため、コンタクト領域36とバッファ領域34が十分に分離されない。このため、この方法で半導体装置を量産した場合には、コンタクト領域36への電子の注入効率にばらつきが生じやすい。
図10は、比較例2の半導体装置のコンタクト領域36、バッファ領域34、ドリフト領域32のn型不純物濃度分布を示している。比較例2の半導体装置の製造方法は、比較例1と同様である。但し、バッファ領域34に対するn型不純物の注入深さD3が、比較例1よりも深い。また、レーザアニールでは、比較例1よりも深い深さD3に注入されたn型不純物を活性化させるために、比較例1よりも深い位置まで半導体基板12を溶融させる。このため、図10に示すように、比較例2の半導体装置では、バッファ領域34が比較例1よりも深い位置に形成されている一方で、コンタクト領域36が幅広となり、コンタクト領域36のn型不純物濃度が低くなっている。このため、比較例2の半導体装置では、コンタクト領域36のカソード電極22に対するコンタクト抵抗が高いという問題がある。また、比較例2の半導体装置でも、極小値N2が高く、コンタクト領域36とバッファ領域34が十分に分離されない。
図11は、比較例3の半導体装置のコンタクト領域36、バッファ領域34、ドリフト領域32のn型不純物濃度分布を示している。比較例3の半導体装置の製造方法では、まず、深さD3にn型不純物を注入する。比較例3の深さD3は、実施例1の深さD3と同等である。次に、半導体基板12の下面12bをレーザアニールによって溶融させる。ここでは、深さD3の領域は溶融させないものの、深さD1に近い深さ(図11の深さDa)までを溶融させることで、深さD1を加熱する。これによって、深さD1に注入された不純物を拡散させ、バッファ領域34を形成する。次に、半導体基板12の下面12b近傍の深さにn型不純物を注入する。次に、半導体基板12の下面12bをレーザアニールによって溶融させる。すなわち、深さDaよりも浅い領域のみを溶融させ、その溶融させた領域にn型不純物を拡散させる。これによって、コンタクト領域36を形成する。比較例3の方法によれば、図11に示すように、n型不純物濃度が高いコンタクト領域36と、深い位置に形成されたバッファ領域34を実現することができる。しかしながら、比較例3の方法では、半導体基板12の下面12bにp型不純物が意図せず付着している場合に、最初のレーザアニール(深さDaまで溶融させるレーザアニール)において溶融領域内にp型不純物が拡散する。これによって、図11に示すように、下面12bから深さDaまでの領域にp型不純物が拡散する場合がある。すると、n型不純物の極小値N2を有する深さD2において、p型不純物濃度がn型不純物濃度を上回る場合がある。すなわち、コンタクト領域36とバッファ領域34の間にp型領域が形成される場合がある。このように、比較例3の方法では、コンタクト領域36とバッファ領域34の間にp型領域が形成されるおそれがあり、量産時にダイオードの特性が安定しない。
本明細書または図面に説明した技術要素は、単独であるいは各種の組み合わせによって技術的有用性を発揮するものであり、出願時請求項記載の組み合わせに限定されるものではない。また、本明細書または図面に例示した技術は複数目的を同時に達成するものであり、そのうちの一つの目的を達成すること自体で技術的有用性を持つものである。
12:半導体基板
12a:上面
12b:下面
20:アノード電極
22:カソード電極
30:アノード領域
32:ドリフト領域
34:バッファ領域
36:コンタクト領域
38:カソード領域
Claims (4)
- 半導体装置を製造する方法であって、
第1導電型の半導体基板の表面に、第1導電型不純物を注入する第1注入工程と、
前記第1注入工程後に、前記半導体基板が溶融しない温度で前記半導体基板を熱処理することによって、前記第1注入工程で注入された第1導電型不純物を拡散及び活性化させる活性化工程と、
前記半導体基板の前記表面に、前記第1注入工程よりも低いエネルギーで前記第1注入工程よりも高濃度に第1導電型不純物を注入する第2注入工程と、
前記第2注入工程後に、前記第1注入工程における第1導電型不純物の平均停止位置よりも前記表面側の領域を溶融させ、その後、固化させる溶融工程、
を有し、
前記方法によって製造される前記半導体装置が、前記半導体基板の前記表面に露出している第1導電型領域を有しており、
前記第1導電型領域における第1導電型不純物の濃度分布を前記半導体基板の厚み方向に沿って見たときに、極大値N1、極小値N2、極大値N3が形成されており、
前記極大値N1を有する深さが、前記溶融工程で溶融した範囲内に位置しており、
前記極大値N3を有する深さが、前記活性化工程で第1導電型不純物が拡散した範囲内に位置しており、
前記極大値N1を有する深さが、前記極小値N2を有する深さよりも前記表面側に位置しており、
前記極大値N3を有する深さが、前記極小値N2を有する前記深さよりも前記表面の反対側に位置しており、
前記極大値N3を有する前記深さよりも前記表面の反対側に位置する前記第1導電型領域内に、第1導電型不純物の濃度N4を有する領域が存在し、
N1>N3>N2>N4の関係が満たされており、
N3/10>N2の関係が満たされており、
前記表面から前記極大値N1を有する深さまでの距離aが、前記極大値N1を有する深さから前記極小値N2を有する深さまでの距離bの2倍より大きい、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記方法によって製造される前記半導体装置において、
前記極大値N1を有する前記深さよりも前記表面側に、前記極大値N1の1/10の第1導電型不純物の濃度N5を有する深さが存在しており、
前記濃度N5を有する深さから前記極大値N1を有する深さまでの距離cが、前記距離bの2倍より大きい、
請求項1の方法。 - 前記半導体基板にダイオードを形成する工程をさらに有し、
前記第1導電型領域がダイオードのカソード領域である、
請求項1または2の方法。 - 前記半導体基板の前記第1導電型領域とは異なる位置にIGBTを形成する工程をさらに有する請求項3の方法。
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