JP5910294B2 - 電子装置及び積層構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents
電子装置及び積層構造体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5910294B2 JP5910294B2 JP2012108730A JP2012108730A JP5910294B2 JP 5910294 B2 JP5910294 B2 JP 5910294B2 JP 2012108730 A JP2012108730 A JP 2012108730A JP 2012108730 A JP2012108730 A JP 2012108730A JP 5910294 B2 JP5910294 B2 JP 5910294B2
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Description
本実施形態では、グラフェンを用いた積層構造体について、その製造方法と共に説明する。図1及び図2は、第1の実施形態による積層構造体の製造方法を工程順に示す概略断面図である。
成長基板11には、表面に膜厚100nm〜300nm程度の熱酸化膜が形成されたSi基板を用いる。触媒層12には、膜厚が500nm〜1μm程度のCuを使用する。Cuの他に、Fe,Co,Ni,Ru,Ptのうちいずれか1種を含む金属材料も触媒層として利用することができる。
CVD法を用いて、触媒層12/成長基板11をArで希釈した水素(H2)雰囲気中において約800℃で加熱処理し、同温度を保持した状態でソースガスとしてCH4を導入する。これにより、グラフェン層13が形成される。ここで、グラフェン層13は単層、あるいは2層に形成される。ソースガスとしては、CH4の他に、Cを含むC2H2,C2H4,CO等を利用することができる。
電子線蒸着法を用いて、グラフェン層13上に遷移金属を1nm〜5nm程度の厚みに堆積し、遷移金属膜を形成する。グラフェン層13上の遷移金属薄膜は、大気中に暴露することによる自然酸化、或いは酸素雰囲気中にて低温熱処理(200℃〜300℃程度)を施すことで酸化し、保護層14が形成される。
保護層14上に、1μm〜2μm程度の厚みのフォトレジスト及び100μm〜500μm程度の厚みのアクリル樹脂を順次スピンコーティングする。これにより、保護層14上に密着層15及び支持層16が形成される。密着層15には、フォトレジストの他に、PMMA、電子線レジスト等を用いても良い。また、支持層16には、アクリル樹脂の他に、エポキシ樹脂、熱剥離テープ、粘着テープ等を用いることもできる。
続いて、成長基板11から剥離した触媒層12、グラフェン層13、保護層14、密着層15及び支持層16のうち、触媒層12をウェットエッチングして除去する。エッチャントには、FeCl3水溶液又は希HClを用いる。触媒層12の除去には、ウェットエッチングの他に、反応性イオンエッチング、イオンミリング等のドライエッチングを利用することもできる。触媒層12が除去されたグラフェン層13、保護層14、密着層15及び支持層16に、純水を用いてリンス洗浄処理を施す。
リンス洗浄処理されたグラフェン層13、保護層14、密着層15及び支持層16を、グラフェン層13が転写先の絶縁基板17と接触する向きで、絶縁基板17の表面に転写する。その後、支持層16の上面から絶縁基板17に向かって一様な応力を加えることで、グラフェン層13と絶縁基板17との密着性が高まる。転写先の絶縁基板17には、表面に90nm程度の厚みに熱酸化膜が形成されたSi基板を用いた。この熱酸化膜が絶縁機能を有する。絶縁基板17には、表面の平坦性を要すること以外に、特に材質等に制約はなく、例えば、サファイア基板、石英基板、MgO基板、PET基板等を利用することも可能である。
絶縁基板17への転写後に、グラフェン層13、保護層14、密着層15及び支持層16のうち、密着層15及び支持層16を除去する。支持層16にアクリル樹脂、密着層15にフォトレジストを用いた場合、これらを約70℃のアセトンに浸漬して除去し、イソプロピルアルコール、或いはエタノールを用いてリンス洗浄処理を施す。以上により、絶縁基板17上にグラフェン層13及び保護層14を有する積層構造体が形成される。
本実施形態では、第1の実施形態による積層構造体を用いた電子装置として、グラフェントランジスタを例示し、その構成を製造方法と共に説明する。図3及び図4は、第2の実施形態によるグラフェントランジスタの製造方法の主要工程を順に示す概略断面図である。
具体的には、電子線リソグラフィを用いて、所望のチャネルサイズに電子線レジストをパターニングし、電子線レジストをマスクにして、グラフェン層13及び保護層14をエッチングする。Cr2O3の保護層14に対しては、硝酸第二セリウムアンモニウム、又は約50℃程度に加熱したHNO3及びHClの混合水溶液をエッチャントとしたウェットエッチングを行う。その後、グラフェン層13に対しては、O2プラズマによるドライエッチングを行う。チャネルサイズは幅100nm〜1μm程度、長さは1μm〜5μm程度とした。
保護層14の両端部位をウェットエッチングし、電極形成部14a,14bを形成する。電極形成部14a,14bからグラフェン層13が露出しており、このグラフェン層13の露出部位に後述するソース電極及びドレイン電極が電気的に接触し、コンタクト抵抗が低減する。
電子線リソグラフィにより、電極形成部14a,14bを含む領域を開口するレジストマスクを保護層14上に形成し、電極金属、例えばPdを50nm程度の厚みに蒸着する。リフトオフによりレジストマスク及びその上のPdを除去する。以上により、グラフェン層13の電極形成部14a,14bで露出する部位と電気的に接続されたソース電極21及びドレイン電極22が形成される。電極材料には他に、Cr,Ni,Ptの単層電極、或いはAu/Ti等の二層電極も使用できる。また、電極の成膜方法についても特に制約はなく、蒸着法以外にもPLD法、スパッタ法等を用いることができる。
ALD法を用いて、保護層14上にhigh-k材料、ここではHfO2を5nm〜50nm程度、好ましくは5nm〜10nm程度、ここでは5nm程度の厚みに堆積する。これにより、保護層14上にゲート絶縁層23が形成される。
high-k材料の薄膜はグラフェン上に直接形成され難いと言われている。本実施形態では、グラフェン層13上に遷移金属酸化物からなる保護層14が形成されており、保護層14上にゲート絶縁層23が形成される。そのため、ゲート絶縁層23の薄膜化が可能である。即ち、保護層14は、転写プロセス時のグラフェン層13を保護する機能を有するのみならず、high-k材料からなるゲート絶縁層23を薄く形成するためのシード層としても機能する。high-k材料としては他に、Al2O3,Si3N4,HfSiO,HfAlON,Y2O3,SrTiO3,PbZrTiO3,BaTiO3等を用いることができる。また、成膜方法もhigh-k材料の種類に応じて、CVD法、蒸着法、ALD法、PLD法、スパッタ法等を適宜選択することができる。
ソース電極21及びドレイン電極22の形成と同様の方法により、ゲート絶縁層23上に、50nm程度の厚みにPdからなるゲート電極24を形成する。以上により、トップゲート型のグラフェントランジスタが得られる。
基板と、
前記基板上に形成されたグラフェン膜と、
前記グラフェン膜上に形成された遷移金属酸化物からなる保護膜と、
前記保護膜上に形成された絶縁層と、
前記絶縁層上に形成された電極と
を含むことを特徴とする電子装置。
前記絶縁層は、高誘電体材料からなることを特徴とする付記1に記載の電子装置。
前記絶縁層は、厚みが5nm〜10nmの範囲内の値であることを特徴とする付記2に記載の電子装置。
前記保護膜の遷移金属酸化物を構成する遷移金属は、Sc,Cr,Mn,Co,Zn,Y,Zr,Mo,Ruから選ばれた1種であることを特徴とする付記1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の電子装置。
成長基板上に触媒を形成する工程と、
前記触媒を用いて前記成長基板上にグラフェン膜を形成する工程と、
前記グラフェン膜上に遷移金属酸化物からなる保護膜を形成する工程と、
前記グラフェン膜及び前記保護膜を、前記成長基板から剥離して、基板上に転写する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする積層構造体の製造方法。
前記保護膜の遷移金属酸化物を構成する遷移金属は、Sc,Cr,Mn,Co,Zn,Y,Zr,Mo,Ruから選ばれた1種であることを特徴とする付記5に記載の積層構造体の製造方法。
基板と、
前記基板上に形成されたグラフェン膜と、
前記グラフェン層上に形成された遷移金属酸化物からなる保護膜と
を含むことを特徴とする積層構造体。
前記保護膜の遷移金属酸化物を構成する遷移金属は、Sc,Cr,Mn,Co,Zn,Y,Zr,Mo,Ruから選ばれた1種であることを特徴とする付記7に記載の積層構造体。
12 触媒層
13 グラフェン層
14 保護層
15 密着層
16 支持層
17 絶縁基板
14a,14b 電極形成部
21 ソース電極
22 ドレイン電極
23 ゲート絶縁膜
24 ゲート電極
Claims (4)
- 基板と、
前記基板上に形成されたグラフェン膜と、
前記グラフェン膜上に形成された、Sc,Cr,Mn,Co,Zn,Y,Zr,Mo,Ruから選ばれた1種の酸化物からなる保護膜と、
前記保護膜上に形成された絶縁層と、
前記保護膜の一部を覆い、上面の一部が前記絶縁層で覆われた、前記グラフェン膜と接触する第1の電極と、
前記絶縁層上に形成された第2の電極と
を含むことを特徴とする電子装置。 - 前記絶縁層は、高誘電体材料からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電子装置。
- 前記絶縁層は、厚みが5nm〜10nmの範囲内の値であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電子装置。
- 成長基板上に触媒を形成する工程と、
前記触媒を用いて前記成長基板上にグラフェン膜を形成する工程と、
前記グラフェン膜上に、Sc,Cr,Mn,Co,Zn,Y,Zr,Mo,Ruから選ばれた1種の酸化物からなる保護膜を形成する工程と、
前記グラフェン膜及び前記保護膜を、前記成長基板から剥離して、基板上に転写する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする積層構造体の製造方法。
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2012
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2013
- 2013-04-30 WO PCT/JP2013/062657 patent/WO2013168645A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-05-08 TW TW102116375A patent/TWI527231B/zh active
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US20150123080A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
TWI527231B (zh) | 2016-03-21 |
US9966472B2 (en) | 2018-05-08 |
JP2013236017A (ja) | 2013-11-21 |
WO2013168645A1 (ja) | 2013-11-14 |
TW201409703A (zh) | 2014-03-01 |
US20170229583A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
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