JP5991072B2 - Work machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a large work machine that removes and transports attachments, crawlers, and the like from a machine body, and more particularly to a cab support structure in the machine body.

  A cab (swing cab) supported on a machine body so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis is known (for example, Patent Document 1).

  The swing cab is configured to be displaceable to a work position that protrudes laterally from the machine body and a transport position that is located in front of the machine body by a turning operation. In order to reduce the width of the machine body and facilitate transportation, the swing cab is swiveled to the transportation position during disassembly and transportation.

JP 2000-281277 A

  FIG. 1 shows an example of a work machine. The illustrated working machine 100 is a dismantling machine used for dismantling work of a high-rise building. If the attachment 101 is extended, the tip portion reaches the higher floor.

  The work machine 100 includes a machine main body 103 that is pivotably mounted on a lower traveling body 102 having a pair of crawlers 102a on both right and left sides. The machine main body 103 includes an attachment 101, a counterweight 104, and a cab 105 (swing cab). Etc. are installed.

  In the case of such a large work machine 100, since it cannot be transported as it is, the attachment 101, the counterweight 104, etc. are disassembled and transported. For example, the attachment 101 is disassembled into a plurality of parts, and the main boom 101a constituting the base end portion of the attachment 101 is removed from the machine body 103 using a crane or the like as shown in FIG. Then transported.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, for the lower traveling body 102 and the machine body 103, the fence and the counterweight 104 are removed from the machine body 103, and in the lower traveling body 102, both the crawlers 102a are removed from the car body 102b. In this state, it is loaded onto a trailer and transported.

  At that time, the car body 102b having a large lateral width is loaded in a state of being turned 90 ° with respect to the machine main body 103, and the cab 105 that protrudes to the side of the machine main body 103 at the time of working is swung and operated. It is accommodated in a space in front of the main body 103. By doing so, the lower traveling body 102 and the like are accommodated within the range of the width limit during transportation.

  However, since there is not only a width restriction but also a height restriction h during transportation, the height of the cab 105 may be a problem.

  In other words, since the crawler 102a is positioned below the cab 105 during work, the cab 105 needs to be installed at a height that does not contact the crawler 102a. Furthermore, if the space between the cab 105 and the crawler 102a is narrow, there is a possibility that a reinforcing bar or the like may be caught between the cab 105 and the crawler 102a. Therefore, it is necessary to secure a sufficient space between the cab 105 and the crawler 102a.

  Under such limited conditions, the size of the cab 105 may be limited because the cab 105 must be within the range of the height limit h during transportation. Depending on the model, the cab 105 may be limited. There are problems such as narrowing of the room.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a work machine that can solve the problem of the cab height limitation during disassembly and transportation.

  The work machine of the present invention is a work machine that is disassembled and transported and assembled during work. A work machine includes a lower traveling body having a pair of detachable crawlers, a machine main body installed on the lower traveling body, an attachment supported detachably on a front portion of the machine main body, and the machine main body A counterweight removably supported at the rear portion, and a cab supported by a support device at a front corner of the machine body, the cab being moved from the machine body by the operation of the support device. Swiveling to a working position projecting sideways and a transport position located around the front of the machine body from the work position in a state where the attachment is removed from the machine body, and the transport position At the working position.

  According to the work machine configured as described above, the cab is lowered from the work position at the transport position that is located around the front of the machine body during transport, so that, for example, the height is limited only by turning. Even if the cab exceeds the size, a sufficient space can be secured between the cab and the crawler during work, and the cab can be kept within the height limit during transportation.

  Specifically, it is preferable that the uppermost part of the cab is configured to be higher than the predetermined height set in advance at the working position and at the same or lower position at the transport position.

  The “top of the cab” here is not limited to the top of the cab itself, but the top of the entire cab including the cab and its equipment. For example, when the cab guard is attached to the upper part of the cab and the cab guard protrudes above the cab, the uppermost part of the cab guard corresponds to the uppermost part of the cab. Further, the “predetermined height” referred to here corresponds to, for example, a restricted height during transportation defined by the Road Traffic Law.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the maximum height position excluding at least the safety fence of the machine body is the predetermined height set in advance.

  If it does so, for example, at the time of transportation, the machine body can be raised to a predetermined height by removing the attachment and the counterweight from the machine body. Therefore, the internal space of the machine main body 3 can be sufficiently secured, and the work visibility can be improved by positioning the cab 20 higher than the height of the machine main body 3 during work, and the height of the machine main body 3 during transportation. The cab 20 can be positioned lower below.

  More specifically, the support device is slidably fitted to a cylindrical inner cylinder portion fixed to the machine body so that a center line extends in the vertical direction, and to the outside of the inner cylinder portion, and the cab A cylindrical outer tube portion that supports the outer cylinder portion, and a hydraulic cylinder that is accommodated in the inner tube portion and that has a rod portion and a cylinder portion disposed along the center line. However, it can be configured to rotate with respect to the inner cylinder portion and to move up and down by driving the hydraulic cylinder.

  If it does so, the operation | movement of turning and raising / lowering of a cab can be performed with the support apparatus of a comparatively simple structure.

  In this case, the cylinder part is attached to one of the inner cylinder part and the outer cylinder part, and a bearing part that receives the protruding end of the rod part is provided on the other of the inner cylinder part and the outer cylinder part. When the hydraulic cylinder contracts, the protruding end of the rod portion may be positioned away from the bearing portion.

  Then, when the hydraulic cylinder is contracted, the protruding end of the rod portion is located away from the bearing portion, so that the cab can be turned with a relatively weak force by turning the cab in this state. Therefore, the cab can be easily swiveled manually without depending on the mechanical force, and the structure can be simplified. Since excessive load is not applied to the hydraulic cylinder during turning, it has excellent durability.

  According to the present invention, the problem of the cab height limitation during disassembly and transportation can be solved.

It is the schematic which shows an example of the conventional working machine. It is a figure for demonstrating decomposition | disassembly transport. It is a figure for demonstrating decomposition | disassembly transport. It is a schematic side view which shows the working machine at the time of the operation | work of this embodiment. It is the schematic side view to which the part shown by the arrow A in FIG. 4 was expanded. It is the schematic front view seen from the direction shown by the arrow B in FIG. It is a schematic plan view which shows the working position and transport position of a cab. It is a schematic side view which shows the part of the cab in a transport position. It is the schematic front view seen from the direction shown by the arrow C in FIG. It is the schematic which shows the state at the time of transport of a lower traveling body and a machine main body. It is a schematic perspective view which shows a support apparatus. It is a schematic sectional drawing in the DD line | wire of FIG. (A) represents the state at the contracted position, and (b) represents the state at the extended position. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the support apparatus of a 1st modification. (A) represents the state at the contracted position, and (b) represents the state at the extended position. It is a schematic front view which shows the support apparatus of a 2nd modification. It is a schematic front view which shows a 3rd modification. It represents the status during work. It is a schematic front view which shows a 3rd modification. It represents the state during transportation.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the following description is merely illustrative in nature and does not limit the present invention, its application, or its use.

  FIG. 4 shows a dismantling machine 1 (an example of a work machine) to which the present invention is applied. The demolition machine 1 is a large model designed for the demolition work of a high-rise building. Since the dismantling machine 1 cannot be transported as it is, it is disassembled and transported and assembled and used at the work site.

  The demolition machine 1 includes a lower traveling body 2 and a machine body 3. The lower traveling body 2 includes a car body 5 that is longer in the width direction than in the front-rear direction, and a pair of crawlers 6 and 6. Each crawler 6 is detachably attached to a connecting portion 5a provided at each end of the car body 5 in the width direction (see FIG. 10). Each crawler 6 is removed from the car body 5 during transportation.

  The machine body 3 includes a frame 11 that is supported on a car body 5 via a swivel bearing, and a machine housing portion 12 and a counterweight 13 that are installed on the frame 11. The frame 11 also supports an attachment 14 and a cab 20. The main body of the frame 11 is composed of a thick bottom plate.

  The attachment 14 includes a crusher 14a, an arm 14b, and a long boom 14c that can be bent at two locations, that is, an intermediate portion. The attachment 14 is supported at the front center of the machine body 3 so as to be raised and lowered. The attachment 14 is composed of a plurality of parts that can be disassembled, and is disassembled into parts during transportation.

  For example, the main boom 14 d constituting the base end portion of the attachment 14 is supported detachably on an attachment support portion 11 a provided on the frame 11 together with a boom cylinder and the like. At the time of transportation, the attachment 14 including the main boom 14d is removed from the machine main body 3.

  The periphery of the machine accommodating portion 12 is covered with a guard, and a drive device such as an engine and a hydraulic pump, a fuel tank, and the like are accommodated therein. A safety fence 12a is detachably attached to the upper part of the guard. The safety fence 12a is removed during transportation in order to suppress the height. The safety fence 12 may be folded without being removed. The heavy weight counterweight 13 is installed at the rear part of the machine main body 3 in order to maintain a front-rear balance with the attachment 14. The counterweight 13 is also disassembled during transportation.

  As shown in detail in FIGS. 5 and 6, the cab 20 is a box-shaped cab and is supported by a front corner on the left side of the frame 11 via a support device 30.

  Specifically, the cab 20 includes a cab base 21 and a cab cover 22 that is installed on the cab base 21 and partitions a box-shaped cab. The cab 20 of the dismantling machine 1 further has a tilt device 23 behind the cab cover 22. During operation, the tilt device 23 can tilt the cab 20 together with the cab base 21 so that the front portion of the cab 20 faces obliquely upward.

  As shown by a solid line in FIG. 7, the cab 20 is fixed at a position protruding from the machine body 3 to the side (working position) during work. 5 and 6, at the working position, the lower surface of the cab base 21 (the lowermost portion of the cab 20 and its height position is indicated by the symbol H) is at least the lower surface of the machine body 3, specifically Is set to be located above the lower surface of the frame 11.

  When the attachment 14 is removed from the attachment support portion 11a during transportation, a space is generated in front of the machine body 3. Using this space, the cab 20 is pivoted and fixed to a position (transport position) that wraps around the front of the machine body 3 as shown by a virtual line in FIG.

  As shown in detail in FIGS. 8 and 9, in the transport position, the cab 20 is lowered together with the cab base 21 from the work position by the operation of the support device 30.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 10, at the transport position, the cab 20 and the cab base 21 are located below the work position (virtual line), and the uppermost portion of the cab 20 is determined by the road traffic law. It is located lower than the upper limit (height limit h) of the restricted height during transportation by land transport. Accordingly, since the cab 20 can be accommodated within the range of the height limit h during transportation, the problem of the cab height restriction during transportation can be solved.

  In addition, as described above, since the attachment 14 and the counterweight 13 are not included in the machine body 3 during transportation, the machine body 3 can be raised to the full height limit h. Therefore, the internal space of the machine main body 3 can be sufficiently secured, and the work visibility can be improved by positioning the cab 20 higher than the height of the machine main body 3 during work, and the height of the machine main body 3 during transportation. The cab 20 can be positioned lower below.

  At the same time, the lowermost part of the cab 20 at the transport position is also positioned lower than the height position H at the work position, and the lower surface of the cab base 21 enters below the lower surface of the frame 11. Therefore, since the restriction in the height direction of the cab 20 is relaxed, it is possible to install a cab having a size that could not be realized conventionally, while keeping the cab 20 within the range of the height limit h.

  Also during transportation, as shown in FIG. 10, the counterweight 13, the safety fence 12 a, and the like are removed from the machine body 3, and both the crawlers 6 and 6 are removed from the lower traveling body 2. Moreover, when the cab guard is detachably attached to the upper part of the cab, the cab guard may be removed. Then, the machine body 3 is turned 90 ° with respect to the lower traveling body 2 so that the longitudinal side (width direction side) of the car body 5 overlaps the longitudinal side of the machine body 3. Thus, the lower traveling body 2 and the machine main body 3 are loaded on the trailer in a state where the width dimension and the height dimension are reduced.

(Supporting device)
11 and 12 show the support device 30 of the present embodiment. The support device 30 includes an inner cylinder portion 31, an outer cylinder portion 32, a bracket 33, a hydraulic cylinder 34, and the like. The support device 30 supports the cab 20 in a cantilever manner via a bracket 33, and the support device 30 performs turning and raising / lowering operations of the cab 20.

  The inner cylinder portion 31 is a cylindrical strength member having a mounting base portion 31a at the lower end portion, and the mounting base portion 31a is fixed to the frame 11 so that the center line T extends in the vertical direction. The outer cylinder part 32 is a cylindrical strength member having a diameter larger than that of the inner cylinder part 31, and is slidable in the vertical direction and the circumferential direction on the outer side of the inner cylinder part 31 through two upper and lower bushes 35a and 35b. It is inserted. Therefore, the lower bush 35b faces the lower side of the lower end of the outer cylinder part 32, and is not only interposed between the inner cylinder part 31 and the outer cylinder part 32 in the radial direction, but also the shaft It is also interposed between the lower end of the outer cylinder part 32 and the upper surface of the attachment base part 31a.

  A lid plate 36 is fixed to the upper end of the outer cylinder portion 32 so as to close the opening. A pair of flange portions 37, 37 are provided on the side surface of the outer cylinder portion 32. These flange portions 37 and 37 are located apart from each other in the vertical direction, and protrude from the side surface of the outer cylindrical portion 32 so as to face each other. A bracket 33 attached to the rear portion of the cab 20 and extending so as to protrude sideways is fastened and fixed to each of the flange portions 37.

  The hydraulic cylinder 34 includes a cylinder portion 38, a rod portion 39, and the like, and is accommodated in the inner cylinder portion 31. The cylinder part 38 is a cylindrical pressure-resistant container, and the lower end part thereof is integrally attached to the attachment base part 31 a so that the center thereof extends along the center line T of the inner cylinder part 31. An oil port 38a to which hydraulic piping is connected is provided at the lower end portion of the sealed cylinder portion 38.

  The rod portion 39 is inserted into the cylinder portion 38 from the lower end portion. A piston 39 a that slides in pressure contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder portion 38 is provided at the lower end portion of the rod portion 39. A cylinder cap 40 that slidably supports the rod portion 39 is attached to the upper end portion of the cylinder portion 38.

  When the pressure oil enters and exits the cylinder portion 38 through the oil port 38a, the piston 39a is displaced, and the rod portion 39 disposed along the center line T slides up and down. Specifically, the rod portion 39 has the piston 39a positioned at the lowest point and a contracted position where a part of the protruding end side protrudes from the cylinder portion 38 (shown in FIG. 12A), and the piston 39a is the highest point. It slides between the extended positions (shown in FIG. 12 (b)) protruding from the cylinder part 38.

  In the contracted position, the protruding end of the rod portion 39 is located in the space inside the support device 30. An engaging portion 41 protruding in a spherical shape is provided at the protruding end of the rod portion 39. A bearing portion 42 is provided on the inner surface portion of the lid plate 36 that is located above the rod portion 39 when contracted, and the bearing portion 42 has a spherical surface downward corresponding to the engaging portion 41. A recess 42a that is recessed is formed.

  The outer cylinder portion 32 moves up and down by driving the hydraulic cylinder 34. That is, when the pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder 34 in the contracted position, the rod portion 39 rises, the protruding end hits the bearing portion 42, and the engaging portion 41 is received in the recess 42a. Furthermore, the outer cylinder part 32 is lifted up to the extended position by raising the rod. When the hydraulic oil is removed from the hydraulic cylinder 34 in the extended position, the outer cylinder portion 32 moves down together with the rod portion 39 under the load of the cab 20 or the like, and reaches the contracted position.

  The outer cylinder part 32 is held by the holding mechanism at each of the extended position at the work position and the contracted position at the transport position. For example, in the support device 30, a pin 43 and pin holes 44 and 45 are provided as a holding mechanism. Specifically, as indicated by phantom lines in FIG. 12, one outer pin hole 44 is formed on the circumferential surface of the outer cylinder portion 32, and the circumferential surface of the inner cylinder portion 31 has a vertical direction and a circumferential direction. Two inner pin holes 45 are formed at positions separated from each other. For the sake of convenience, the pin holes 44 and 45 in FIG.

  The outer pin hole 44 and each inner pin hole 45 are arranged so that the pin 43 can be inserted into each other at the extended position at the working position and the contracted position at the transport position. By inserting the pin 43 into these pin holes 44 and 45, the outer cylinder part 32 is hold | maintained in each position with a holding mechanism.

  Therefore, in this dismantling machine 1, by operating the support device 30, the cab 20 can be supported at a relatively high position at the work position, and the cab 20 can be supported at a relatively low position at the transport position. As a result, it is possible to disassemble and transport the cab 20 within the height limit range while ensuring a sufficient height of the cab 20 during work.

  In particular, in the case of this support device 30, the cab 20 can be easily turned by manual operation.

  Specifically, in the contracted position, the protruding end of the rod portion 39 is separated from the bearing portion 42, and thus the cab 20 can be turned with a relatively weak force by turning the cab 20 in this state. Therefore, the cab 20 can be easily turned by hand without relying on mechanical force, and the structure can be simplified. Since an excessive load is not applied to the hydraulic cylinder 34 during turning, the durability is excellent.

  Moreover, the outer cylinder portion 32 is supported by the rod portion 39 via the spherical engaging portion 41 and the recess 42a. Therefore, even if the outer cylinder part 32 is somewhat fluctuated, the engaging part 41 and the recessed part 42a are relatively displaced, so that a load that bends the rod part 39 does not act on the rod part 39. .

(First modification)
In FIG. 13, the modification of the support apparatus 30 mentioned above is shown. The support device 30A according to the present modification is configured using the conventional hydraulic cylinder 34 as it is. Since the basic configuration is the same as that of the support device 30 described above, the same reference numerals are used for configurations having similar functions, and descriptions thereof are omitted (the same applies to other modified examples).

  Specifically, a lower bracket 51 is provided on the upper surface of the mounting base 31a, and an upper bracket 52 is provided on the inner surface of the cover plate 36 so as to face the lower bracket 51 in the vertical direction via a bearing device 53. . The lower end portion of the cylinder portion 38 is pivotally supported by the lower bracket 51, and the protruding end portion of the rod portion 39 is pivotally supported by the upper bracket 52.

  Therefore, also in this support device 30 </ b> A, by operating the bearing device 53, the outer cylinder portion 32 can be rotated with respect to the inner cylinder portion 31 and the cab 20 can be rotated. And by driving the hydraulic cylinder 34, the outer cylinder part 32 can be moved up and down with respect to the inner cylinder part 31, and the cab 20 can be moved up and down.

(Second modification)
In FIG. 14, the modification of the support apparatus 30 mentioned above is shown. In the support device 30 </ b> B according to this modification, a link mechanism 61 is used to raise and lower the cab 20.

  Specifically, the support device 30B includes a link mechanism 61, a base portion 62, a turning portion 63, an operating portion 64 including a hydraulic cylinder, and the like. The base 62 is installed in the machine main body 3, and the turning part 63 is supported by the base 62 so as to be turnable around a turning axis S extending in the vertical direction via a bearing mechanism 62a. The link mechanism 61 is provided in the turning part 63 and supports the cab 20 in a cantilevered manner.

  The link mechanism 61 has an upper arm 61a and a lower arm 61b that are aligned vertically and extend parallel to each other. One end of each of the arms 61a and 61b is pivotally supported by the cab 20 so as to be rotatable around the horizontal axis, and the other end is pivotally supported by the turning portion 63 so as to be rotatable around the horizontal axis. A rod connecting portion 65 is provided at the end of the lower arm 61b on the cab 20 side so as to protrude downward.

  The cylinder 64a of the operating portion 64 is pivotally supported by a portion below the lower arm 61b in the turning portion 63 so as to be rotatable about the horizontal axis. The rod 64b of the operating portion 64 is It is pivotally supported so that it can rotate around.

  Therefore, also in this support device 30B, the cab 20 can be turned between the work position and the transport position by turning the turning portion 63. Then, by driving the operating unit 64, the operating unit 64 and the link mechanism 61 cooperate to raise and lower the cab 20.

(Third Modification)
15 and 16 show a modification of the support device 30 described above. In the support device 30 </ b> C of this modification, the turning axis S is inclined. By doing so, the position of the cab 20 is lowered by turning the cab 20 from the work position to the transport position.

  Specifically, the support device 30C includes a base portion 62, a turning portion 63, a bracket 33, and the like. The base part 62 is installed in the machine main body 3, and the turning part 63 is supported by the base part 62 so as to freely turn. The support device 30C is fixed in a state where the upper portion thereof is inclined toward the center side of the machine main body 3, and the turning axis S on which the turning portion 63 turns turns the width direction of the machine main body 3 from the center side toward the end side. Inclined downward and extends.

  The cab 20 is supported in a cantilever manner on the swivel part 63 via the bracket 33. As shown in FIG. 15, the cab base 21 is configured to be horizontal at the work position.

  Since the turning axis S of the support device 30C is tilted, when the cab 20 is turned toward the transport position, the cab 20 is gradually tilted. Then, as shown in FIG. 16, when the transport position is reached, the cab 20 is positioned lower than the work position with its front portion inclined downward.

  Therefore, according to the support device 30C, the cab 20 can be swung and raised and lowered simultaneously by simply performing a swiveling operation. Since a driving device such as the hydraulic cylinder 34 is not required, the structure can be simplified.

  In addition, the working machine according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various other configurations.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the dismantling machine is exemplified as the work machine, but the present invention can also be applied to other work machines such as a crane and an excavator. Further, the mounting of the hydraulic cylinder in the support device may be reversed, that is, the cylinder part 38 may be attached to the outer cylinder part 32 side and the rod part 39 may be attached to the inner cylinder part 31 side.

1 Demolition machine (work machine)
2 Lower traveling body 3 Machine body 6 Crawler 14 Attachment 20 Cab 30 Support device

Claims (5)

A work machine that is disassembled and transported and assembled during work,
A lower traveling body having a pair of detachable crawlers;
A machine body installed on the lower traveling body;
An attachment supported detachably at the front of the machine body;
A counterweight removably supported at the rear of the machine body;
A cab supported via a support device at the front corner of the machine body;
With
The support device is
A cylindrical inner cylinder fixed to the machine body such that the center line extends in the vertical direction;
A cylindrical outer tube portion that is slidably fitted in the vertical direction and the circumferential direction outside the inner tube portion, and supports the cab via a bracket,
A hydraulic cylinder housed in the inner cylinder portion, and a rod portion and a cylinder portion arranged along the center line;
The outer cylinder part is configured to rotate with respect to the inner cylinder part and to move up and down by driving the hydraulic cylinder,
The cab turns to the front of the machine main body from the work position in a work position where the cab protrudes to the side of the machine main body by the operation of the support device and the attachment is removed from the machine main body. A work machine that is swiveled to a transport position located at a position and lowered from the work position at the transport position. The work machine according to claim 1,
A work machine configured such that an upper surface of the cab is higher at a predetermined height than the predetermined height at the work position and is the same or lower at the transport position. The work machine according to claim 2,
A working machine, wherein a maximum height position excluding at least a safety fence of the machine body is the predetermined height set in advance. In the working machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The cylinder part is attached to either the inner cylinder part or the outer cylinder part,
On the other of the inner cylinder part and the outer cylinder part, a bearing part for receiving the protruding end of the rod part is provided,
A working machine in which a protruding end of the rod portion is located away from the bearing portion when the hydraulic cylinder contracts. A work machine that is disassembled and transported and assembled during work,
A lower traveling body having a pair of detachable crawlers;
A machine body installed on the lower traveling body;
An attachment supported detachably at the front of the machine body;
A counterweight removably supported at the rear of the machine body;
A cab supported via a support device at the front corner of the machine body;
With
The support device is
A base installed in the machine body;
A swivel portion that is pivotally supported by the base and supports the cab via a bracket;
And the swivel portion is configured to swivel about a swivel axis extending in a downwardly inclined direction from the center side toward the end side in the width direction of the machine body ,
The cab turns to the front of the machine main body from the work position when the support device is operated and the work position protrudes to the side of the machine main body and the attachment is removed from the machine main body. A work machine that is swiveled to a transport position located at a position and lowered from the work position at the transport position .

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