JP5787307B2 - 二次電池用多孔質電極 - Google Patents
二次電池用多孔質電極 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5787307B2 JP5787307B2 JP2011028752A JP2011028752A JP5787307B2 JP 5787307 B2 JP5787307 B2 JP 5787307B2 JP 2011028752 A JP2011028752 A JP 2011028752A JP 2011028752 A JP2011028752 A JP 2011028752A JP 5787307 B2 JP5787307 B2 JP 5787307B2
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/8626—Porous electrodes characterised by the form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/1062—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the physical properties of the porous support, e.g. its porosity or thickness
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Description
従来、例えば、リチウムイオン二次電池のように、電極からのイオンの放出又は電極へのイオンの吸蔵を伴う二次電池において電極を合金等の金属材料で形成させると、その電極は、充放電の際に、合金化及び脱合金化に伴う体積変化により大きな内部応力を発生させ、この内部応力により微粉化してその後の充放電容量を減少させる。本発明者らは、このような体積変化に伴う内部応力が、従来の二次電池における電極が箔状や板状等といった隙間のない一塊の構造として形成されていたことに伴って生じていたことを見出し、電極1を互いに離間した複数の多孔質ドメイン構造2の集合として形成させればこれらの問題を解決できることを知見した。
本実施態様の製造方法では、ドメイン構造2を所望の形状となるように作製するために、レジスト組成物を使用して作製した鋳型を使用する。この工程は、図5(A)から(B)に示すように、集電体3の表面にレジスト組成物を塗布してレジスト層5を形成させる工程である。
次に、パターニング工程について説明する。パターニング工程は、上記レジスト層形成工程の後に行われる工程であり、図5(C)で示される工程である。この工程では、上記レジスト層形成工程で形成されたレジスト層5に、作製しようとするドメイン構造2と平面視で同一形状となる形状のガイド孔51を形成させる。ガイド孔51は、集電体3の表面までレジスト層5を貫通する貫通孔として形成される。
次に、テンプレート導入工程について説明する。テンプレート導入工程は、上記パターニング工程の後に行われる工程であり、図5(D)で示される工程である。この工程では、上記パターニング工程で形成されたガイド孔51の底部に存在する集電体3の表面に、ポリスチレンやPMMA(ポリメチルメタクリレート)等の高分子微粒子6を堆積させる。これらの高分子微粒子6は、ドメイン構造2における空孔21を形成させるために使用される。つまり、本工程で高分子微粒子6を堆積させた後、後述する金属材料埋め込み工程にて、ガイド孔51に電極材料である金属材料22を埋め込み、さらに、後述するテンプレート除去工程にて高分子微粒子6を取り除くことにより、空孔21が形成される。すなわち、高分子微粒子6は、ドメイン構造2における空孔21を形成させるための鋳型である。
なお、高分子微粒子6をガイド孔51の内部に堆積させる手段として電気泳動を使用する場合、当該電気泳動において使用する液体に、アミジン化合物や硫酸エステル化合物のような高分子微粒子6の表面に電荷を与える化合物を添加しておくことが好ましい。
次に、金属材料埋め込み工程について説明する。金属材料埋め込み工程は、上記テンプレート導入工程の後に行われる工程であり、図5(E)で示される工程である。この工程では、高分子微粒子6が堆積されたガイド孔51の内部に、正極又は負極を形成させる金属材料22を充填させる。
次に、テンプレート除去工程について説明する。テンプレート除去工程は、上記金属材料埋め込み工程の後に行われる工程であり、図5(F)で示される工程である。この工程では、金属材料22に埋まっている高分子微粒子6を除去する。これにより、高分子微粒子6の存在していた箇所が空間となり、空孔21が形成される。
クレゾール型ノボラック樹脂(m−クレゾール:p−クレゾール=6:4(質量比)、質量平均分子量30000)70質量部と、感光剤として1,4−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニルイソプロピリデニル)ベンゼンのナフトキノン−1,2−ジアジド−5−スルホン酸時エステル15質量部と、可塑剤としてポリメチルビニルエーテル(質量平均分子量100000)15質量部とに対して、溶剤としてプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)を固形分濃度が40質量%になるように添加してから、混合して溶解させ、レジスト組成物を調製した。このレジスト組成物は、ノボラック系であり、ポジ型である。
Cu箔であるフレキシブル基板(厚さ50μm)、及びCu膜を表面に有するハード基板(厚さ750μmのシリコンウェーハの表面に5000ÅのCuスパッタ膜を形成させた基板)のそれぞれについて、Cu箔又は膜が設けられた表面に上記レジスト組成物を塗布し、レジスト組成物に含まれていた溶剤を蒸発させ、厚さ20μmのレジスト層を形成させた。このレジスト層にフォトマスクを通して、紫外線(ghi混合線、3000mJ/cm2)を照射し、次いでアルカリ現像液で現像し、純水で洗浄した。これにより、Cu箔又は膜の表面に、1辺が50μmの正六角形であり、Cu箔又は膜の表面まで貫通する複数の貫通孔(ガイド孔)をハニカム状に形成させた。なお、隣接する貫通孔同士の全ての離間幅を15μmとした。
次に、ポリスチレンの単分散球状粒子(直径1μm、以下「ポリスチレン粒子」と呼ぶ。)を0.43質量%の濃度で2−プロパノール(80mL)に分散させ、懸濁液を調製し、この懸濁液中で、貫通孔により一部が露出したCu箔又は膜を作用極(陰極)、Ni板(3cm×4cm、厚さ0.3mm)を対極(陽極)として電極間距離を1cmとし600Vの電圧を印加し、1分間電気泳動を行った。この操作により、複数の貫通孔のそれぞれにポリスチレン粒子を堆積させた。その後、基板ごと110℃の温度にて15分間加熱することにより、貫通孔の中に堆積しているポリスチレン粒子同士を熱融着させた。
次に、蒸留水に、NiCl2・6H20を0.075mol/L、SnCl2・2H2Oを0.175mol/L、K2P2O7を0.50mol/L、及びNH2CH2COOHを0.125mol/Lの濃度になるようにそれぞれ添加し、さらにこの水溶液のpHが8.5になるように28%アンモニア水を添加した。得られた水溶液をSn−Niめっき浴として使用し、貫通孔により一部が露出したCu箔又は膜を作用極(陰極)、Sn板を対極(陽極)として、電解めっき処理を行った。電解めっき処理は、1.75mAの定電流を1.5時間通電させて行った。
電解めっき処理を経た基板をトルエンに24時間浸漬させてからアセトンで洗浄することにより、貫通孔に堆積したポリスチレン粒子を除去し、さらに真空乾燥を行った。これらの手順を経て、多孔質のSn−Ni合金からなるドメイン構造を複数有する電極を、フレキシブル基板及びハード基板のそれぞれについて形成させた。この電極を実施例1の電極とした。なお、形成させた電極の厚さは、フレキシブル基板及びハード基板のいずれの場合も10μmだった。
レジスト層に形成させた貫通孔の形状を1辺が50μmの正方形とし、この貫通孔を、隣接する貫通孔同士の離間幅を全て15μmとして、全ての目地が遮られない直線となるタイル状に配置し、かつ電解メッキ処理の通電時間を1時間にしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の手順にて実施例2の電極を形成させた。なお、本実施例の電極におけるドメイン構造は、平面視で、図4(C)に示すような配置である。また、形成させた電極の厚さは、フレキシブル基板及びハード基板のいずれの場合も20μmだった。
レジスト層に形成させた貫通孔の形状を直径が18μmの円とし、この貫通孔を、貫通孔同士の横方向及び縦方向の離間幅が全て17μmとして、千鳥状に配置し、かつ電解メッキ処理における定電流を1.37mAとし、通電時間を0.9時間としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の手順にて比較例1の電極を形成させた。なお、形成させた電極の厚さは、フレキシブル基板及びハード基板のいずれの場合も20μmだった。
また、図8に示すように、本発明の電極の中でも、実施例1の電極は、充放電を繰り返した際の放電容量の低下が実施例2の電極よりも小さいことが理解される。このことから、良好な充放電サイクル特性を得るとの観点において、電極を構成するドメイン構造の平面視形状が正六角形であることが好ましいと理解される。
2 ドメイン構造(多孔質ドメイン構造)
3 集電体
Claims (3)
- 集電体の表面に、互いに離間した複数の多孔質ドメイン構造の集合として形成され、
前記多孔質ドメイン構造が、平面視で鋭角を持たない多角形形状であり、かつ前記多角形形状の最大径が120μm以下であり、
前記ドメイン構造は、各ドメイン構造の離間幅が一定となるように配置される、
リチウム二次電池用のリチウムと合金化する金属又は合金製の負極。 - 前記ドメイン構造の形状が平面視で長方形、正方形又は正六角形である請求項1記載の負極。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の負極を使用してなるリチウム二次電池。
Priority Applications (7)
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JP2011028752A JP5787307B2 (ja) | 2010-07-23 | 2011-02-14 | 二次電池用多孔質電極 |
DE112011102465T DE112011102465T5 (de) | 2010-07-23 | 2011-06-22 | Poröse Elektrode für eine Sekundärbatterie |
CN201180045450.7A CN103155230B (zh) | 2010-07-23 | 2011-06-22 | 二次电池用多孔电极 |
US13/811,347 US9196897B2 (en) | 2010-07-23 | 2011-06-22 | Secondary battery porous electrode |
PCT/JP2011/064236 WO2012011351A1 (ja) | 2010-07-23 | 2011-06-22 | 二次電池用多孔質電極 |
KR1020137004398A KR20130054997A (ko) | 2010-07-23 | 2011-06-22 | 2 차 전지용 다공질 전극 |
TW100125655A TWI517485B (zh) | 2010-07-23 | 2011-07-20 | Porous electrodes for secondary batteries |
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JP2010165628 | 2010-07-23 | ||
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JP2011028752A JP5787307B2 (ja) | 2010-07-23 | 2011-02-14 | 二次電池用多孔質電極 |
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JP (1) | JP5787307B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20130054997A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103155230B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112011102465T5 (ja) |
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JP2013229111A (ja) * | 2012-04-24 | 2013-11-07 | Showa Denko Kk | リチウム二次電池用負極活物質およびその製造方法 |
KR102112746B1 (ko) * | 2015-04-09 | 2020-06-04 | 커창 린 | 전극 재료 및 에너지 저장 장치 |
FR3064116B1 (fr) * | 2017-03-15 | 2021-07-16 | Ecole Nat Superieure Des Mines | Accumulateur deformable |
US11201393B2 (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2021-12-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Electrochemically controlled capillarity to dynamically connect portions of an electrical circuit |
CN111384360B (zh) | 2018-12-27 | 2022-02-22 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | 金属离子电池 |
CN112820937B (zh) * | 2019-11-15 | 2022-05-17 | 郑州宇通集团有限公司 | 固体电解质及其制备方法、高镍三元全固态电池 |
TWI843384B (zh) * | 2023-01-05 | 2024-05-21 | 亞福儲能股份有限公司 | 鋁電池的負極結構 |
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JPH0630250B2 (ja) * | 1982-10-07 | 1994-04-20 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 軟性金属電極の製造法 |
JP2004139768A (ja) * | 2002-10-16 | 2004-05-13 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 多孔質薄膜電極と、これを負極とするリチウム二次電池 |
JP2005038797A (ja) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-02-10 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 薄膜電極とその製造方法およびその薄膜電極を用いたリチウム二次電池 |
US7432016B2 (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2008-10-07 | Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. | Electrode for non-aqueous secondary battery and non-aqueous secondary battery using the same |
JP4974450B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-17 | 2012-07-11 | 日立マクセルエナジー株式会社 | 非水二次電池用電極および非水二次電池 |
JP5031193B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-16 | 2012-09-19 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 金属製の多孔質負極及びそれを用いたリチウム二次電池 |
WO2008059936A1 (fr) * | 2006-11-15 | 2008-05-22 | Panasonic Corporation | Collecteur pour un accumulateur non aqueux, électrode plane d'accumulateur non aqueux et accumulateur non aqueux utilisant le collecteur |
CN101512800B (zh) * | 2006-11-15 | 2011-06-08 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 非水系二次电池用集电体、使用该集电体的非水系二次电池用电极板以及非水系二次电池 |
WO2008078755A1 (ja) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-03 | Panasonic Corporation | 電池、電極およびこれらに用いる集電体 |
JP2010097729A (ja) * | 2008-10-14 | 2010-04-30 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 二次電池用電極、二次電池およびこれを搭載した車両 |
TWI438785B (zh) * | 2009-12-07 | 2014-05-21 | Delta Electronics Inc | 中孔碳材、其製造方法及超級電容器 |
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- 2011-02-14 JP JP2011028752A patent/JP5787307B2/ja active Active
- 2011-06-22 WO PCT/JP2011/064236 patent/WO2012011351A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-06-22 DE DE112011102465T patent/DE112011102465T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-06-22 US US13/811,347 patent/US9196897B2/en active Active
- 2011-06-22 CN CN201180045450.7A patent/CN103155230B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-06-22 KR KR1020137004398A patent/KR20130054997A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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CN103155230B (zh) | 2015-10-07 |
CN103155230A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
WO2012011351A1 (ja) | 2012-01-26 |
US20130209872A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
KR20130054997A (ko) | 2013-05-27 |
US9196897B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 |
JP2012043770A (ja) | 2012-03-01 |
TW201230462A (en) | 2012-07-16 |
DE112011102465T5 (de) | 2013-05-08 |
TWI517485B (zh) | 2016-01-11 |
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