JP5510879B2 - Wire conductor and wire - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、Cu-Sn合金からなる電線用導体、及びこの導体を具える電線に関するものである。特に、靭性に優れる電線用導体に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a conductor for electric wires made of a Cu-Sn alloy and an electric wire including the conductor. In particular, the present invention relates to a conductor for electric wires having excellent toughness.
従来、電線の導体には、導電性に優れた純銅や銅合金といった銅系材料からなるものが主流である。特許文献1,2には、Cu-Sn合金からなる導体が開示されている。 Conventionally, conductors made of copper-based materials such as pure copper and copper alloys having excellent conductivity have been mainstream. Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a conductor made of a Cu—Sn alloy.
昨今、電線用導体には、所定の導電率を維持しながら、強度と靭性(伸びなど)とをよりバランスよく具えることが望まれている。 In recent years, it has been desired that conductors for electric wires have a more balanced strength and toughness (elongation) while maintaining a predetermined conductivity.
上記特許文献1,2に記載されるようなCu-Sn合金において、Snの含有量が多いほど、強度が高くなる傾向にある。しかし、Snの増加は、導電率の低下を招くことから、導電率を考慮すると、Snの増加には限界がある。 In Cu—Sn alloys as described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the strength tends to increase as the Sn content increases. However, since an increase in Sn causes a decrease in conductivity, there is a limit to an increase in Sn in consideration of the conductivity.
また、高強度であっても靭性が低い導体では、例えば、電線の端部に端子を取り付け、この端子を機器などに組み付ける際の衝撃により、導体において端子との境界近傍で破断する恐れがある。 Further, in the case of a conductor having high strength and low toughness, for example, a terminal may be attached to the end of an electric wire, and the conductor may be broken near the boundary with the terminal due to an impact when the terminal is assembled to a device or the like. .
更に、導体の構造には、1本の線材から構成される単線構造の他、複数の線材(素線)を撚り合せた撚り線や、この撚り線を圧縮した圧縮撚線といった構造がある。素線自体の靭性が高ければ、撚り合せを行い易い上に、撚り線や圧縮撚線となっても高い靭性を維持し易く、靭性に優れる導体になり得る。 Furthermore, the conductor structure includes a single wire structure composed of a single wire, a stranded wire obtained by twisting a plurality of wires (element wires), and a compressed stranded wire obtained by compressing the stranded wire. If the toughness of the element wire itself is high, it is easy to perform twisting, and even if it becomes a stranded wire or a compression stranded wire, it can easily maintain high toughness and can be a conductor having excellent toughness.
そこで、本発明の目的は、高強度でありながら、靭性に優れる電線用導体、及びこの導体を具える電線を提供することにある。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a conductor for electric wires that is high in strength and excellent in toughness, and an electric wire including the conductor.
本発明者らは、特定の組成の銅合金とすることで、伸線後に特定の熱処理を施すと、高強度でありながら、靭性に優れる銅合金線材が得られるとの知見を得た。本発明は、この知見に基づくものである。 The present inventors have found that a copper alloy wire having high strength and excellent toughness can be obtained by applying a specific heat treatment after wire drawing by using a copper alloy having a specific composition. The present invention is based on this finding.
本発明の電線用導体は、銅合金の線材から構成される導体である。上記銅合金は、質量割合で、Snを2%以上6%以下、Pを10ppm以上300ppm未満、酸素を1ppm以上50ppm以下含有し、残部がCu及び不純物からなる。上記不純物の含有量は、質量割合で、合計200ppm以下である。本発明の電線は、上記本発明導体と、この導体の外周に設けられた絶縁層とを具える。 The conductor for electric wires of the present invention is a conductor composed of a copper alloy wire. The copper alloy contains Sn in a mass ratio of 2% to 6%, P in a range of 10 ppm to less than 300 ppm, oxygen in a range of 1 ppm to 50 ppm, with the balance being Cu and impurities. The content of the impurities is 200 ppm or less in total by mass ratio. The electric wire of the present invention includes the above-described conductor of the present invention and an insulating layer provided on the outer periphery of the conductor.
本発明導体は、Snを過剰に含有せず、かつ酸素濃度及び不純物濃度が低い特定の組成から構成されることで、Snの含有量が比較的少なくても高強度であり、かつ伸びが大きく、靭性に優れる。そのため、本発明導体を具える本発明電線は、耐衝撃性に優れる上に、電線に望まれる強度を十分に具えることができる。また、本発明導体を構成する線材は、靭性に優れることから、例えば、この線材を複数本撚り合わせて撚り線としたり、この撚り線を圧縮して圧縮撚線とした場合にも、靭性に優れる導体とすることができると期待される。更に、本発明導体は、純銅と比較して導電率が低いものの、例えば、電流値が比較的小さい信号線に望まれる導電率を十分に具えることから、信号線の導体に好適に利用することができる。以下、本発明をより詳細に説明する。なお、銅合金中の元素などの含有量は、質量割合を示す。 The conductor of the present invention is composed of a specific composition that does not contain excessive Sn and has a low oxygen concentration and impurity concentration, so that it has high strength even if the Sn content is relatively small, and has a large elongation. Excellent toughness. Therefore, the electric wire of the present invention including the conductor of the present invention is excellent in impact resistance and can sufficiently have the strength desired for the electric wire. In addition, since the wire constituting the conductor of the present invention is excellent in toughness, for example, even when a plurality of this wire is twisted to form a stranded wire, or when this stranded wire is compressed into a compressed stranded wire, It is expected to be an excellent conductor. Furthermore, although the conductor of the present invention has a lower electrical conductivity than pure copper, for example, the conductor of the present invention has a sufficient electrical conductivity desired for a signal line having a relatively small current value, and thus is suitably used for a conductor of a signal line. be able to. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. In addition, content, such as an element in a copper alloy, shows a mass ratio.
[導体]
《組成》
本発明導体を構成する銅合金は、主たる添加元素がSnであるCu-Sn合金である。Snを2%以上含有することで、強度に優れる線材となり、Snの含有量が高いほど、強度及び靭性が高まる傾向にあるが、導電率が低下し易い。また、Snの増加に伴い、錫酸化物が生成され易くなり、この錫酸化物により、特に伸線時に断線が生じ易くなって、長尺で細径な線材を連続的に製造し難くなる。従って、Snの上限を6%とする。より好ましいSnの含有量は、2.5%以上4%以下である。特に、断面積が0.2mm2(0.2sq相当)以下といった細径の導体とする場合、Snの含有量を3%以上とすると、強度を更に向上することができる。
[conductor]
"composition"
The copper alloy constituting the conductor of the present invention is a Cu—Sn alloy whose main additive element is Sn. Containing 2% or more of Sn results in a wire having excellent strength, and the higher the Sn content, the higher the strength and toughness, but the electrical conductivity tends to decrease. Further, with the increase of Sn, tin oxide is easily generated. With this tin oxide, disconnection is likely to occur particularly during wire drawing, and it becomes difficult to continuously produce a long and thin wire rod. Therefore, the upper limit of Sn is 6%. A more preferable content of Sn is 2.5% or more and 4% or less. In particular, when the conductor has a small diameter such as a cross-sectional area of 0.2 mm 2 (equivalent to 0.2 sq) or less, the strength can be further improved if the Sn content is 3% or more.
上記銅合金は、酸素濃度が50ppm以下と低いため、Snの含有量が6%以下と比較的少なくても、強度を高められる。酸素濃度を1ppm未満にしようとすると、脱酸処理に多大なコストや労力が必要である一方で、酸素濃度が1〜50ppmである場合と比較して、1ppm未満である場合の酸素濃度の低減による強度の向上効果があまり大きくないため、酸素濃度の下限を1ppmとした。酸素濃度が50ppm超であると、強度の低下を招く。また、酸素が50ppm超であると、鋳造時に生じるブローホールによる表面欠陥や製造時に生成される錫酸化物の存在により、特に伸線時に断線などして、長尺な細径の線材が得られ難くなる。このような低酸素濃度の銅合金からなる線材を製造するには、原料に、無酸素銅(純度が99.995質量%以上のCuであって、酸素濃度(質量割合):10ppm以下)を利用したり、酸素含有量が少ない材料、例えば、カーボンからなる鋳型や坩堝を利用したり、熱処理時に非酸化性雰囲気とすることが挙げられる。より好ましい酸素濃度は、1ppm以上10ppm以下である。 Since the copper alloy has a low oxygen concentration of 50 ppm or less, the strength can be increased even if the Sn content is relatively low, such as 6% or less. If the oxygen concentration is to be less than 1 ppm, deoxidation treatment requires a lot of cost and labor, but the oxygen concentration is less than 1 ppm compared to 1 to 50 ppm. Since the effect of improving the strength by is not so great, the lower limit of the oxygen concentration was set to 1 ppm. If the oxygen concentration exceeds 50 ppm, the strength is reduced. Also, if the oxygen content exceeds 50 ppm, a long thin wire is obtained due to surface defects caused by blowholes produced during casting and the presence of tin oxide produced during production, particularly during wire drawing. It becomes difficult. In order to manufacture such a wire made of a copper alloy having a low oxygen concentration, oxygen-free copper (purity is 99.995 mass% or more and oxygen concentration (mass ratio): 10 ppm or less) is used as a raw material. Or a material having a low oxygen content, for example, a mold or crucible made of carbon, or a non-oxidizing atmosphere during heat treatment. A more preferable oxygen concentration is 1 ppm or more and 10 ppm or less.
上記銅合金中のP(リン)は、脱酸剤として機能し、Pを10ppm以上含有することで、酸素の濃度を上述のように低くできる。Pの含有量が高いほど、脱酸効果が高められるが、Pの増加に伴い導電率の低下が大きくなる。導電率を考慮して、Pの上限を300ppm未満とする。より好ましいPの含有量は、50ppm以上200ppm以下である。 P (phosphorus) in the copper alloy functions as a deoxidizer, and by containing P at 10 ppm or more, the concentration of oxygen can be lowered as described above. The higher the content of P, the higher the deoxidation effect, but the lower the conductivity as P increases. In consideration of conductivity, the upper limit of P is set to less than 300 ppm. A more preferable content of P is 50 ppm or more and 200 ppm or less.
上記銅合金は、不純物の含有量が非常に少なく、合計で200ppm以下である。不純物をこの範囲に抑えると共に、上述のように酸素を低濃度とすることで、酸化物の析出による強度の低下を低減できる上に、酸化物による断線(特に伸線時)を低減できる。不純物は、150ppm以下がより好ましく、少ない方が好ましいため、特に下限は設けない。不純物を上記範囲にするには、純度の高い原料を用いたり、金属元素を多く含まない炉体(坩堝)を用いて溶解し、銅への不純物の溶解を少なくすることなどが挙げられる。 The copper alloy has a very low content of impurities, and is a total of 200 ppm or less. By suppressing the impurities within this range and reducing the oxygen concentration as described above, it is possible to reduce the strength reduction due to the precipitation of the oxide and to reduce the disconnection (particularly during wire drawing) due to the oxide. The impurity is more preferably 150 ppm or less, and a smaller amount is preferable, and therefore no lower limit is particularly set. In order to bring the impurities into the above range, it is possible to use high-purity raw materials or to dissolve them using a furnace body (crucible) that does not contain a large amount of metal elements to reduce the dissolution of impurities into copper.
上記銅合金は、更に、Niを0.05%以上0.3%以下含有していてもよい。Niをこの範囲で含有することで、導電率をあまり低下させずに、強度を更に向上させることができる。 The copper alloy may further contain 0.05% or more and 0.3% or less of Ni. By containing Ni in this range, the strength can be further improved without significantly reducing the electrical conductivity.
《形状》
本発明導体を構成する線材は、伸線加工時の加工度を適宜調整することで、種々の直径(線径)を有することができる。例えば、直径が0.1mm以上0.5mm以下の線材は、細径であることが望まれる分野、例えば、自動車や飛行機といった搬送機器、種々の電子部品、産業用ロボットの電線の導体に好適に利用することができる。
"shape"
The wire constituting the conductor of the present invention can have various diameters (wire diameters) by appropriately adjusting the degree of processing during wire drawing. For example, a wire having a diameter of 0.1 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less is suitably used in a field in which a small diameter is desired, for example, a conveyance device such as an automobile or an airplane, various electronic components, and a conductor of an electric wire for an industrial robot. be able to.
上記線材は、伸線加工時のダイス形状によって種々の断面形状を有することができる。断面円形状が代表的であり、その他、楕円形状、矩形や六角形などの多角形状などの断面形状が挙げられる。形状は特に問わない。 The wire can have various cross-sectional shapes depending on the shape of a die during wire drawing. A cross-sectional circular shape is typical, and other cross-sectional shapes such as an elliptical shape, a polygonal shape such as a rectangle or a hexagon are listed. The shape is not particularly limited.
本発明導体は、1本の上記線材により構成される単線構造でもよいし、複数の上記線材を撚り合わせた撚り線構造としてもよい。細径の線材であっても撚り合わせることで、強度の高い線材(撚り線)とすることができる。撚り合わせ本数は、特に問わない。例えば、7,11,19,37本が挙げられる。また、本発明導体は、撚り合わせた後に圧縮加工を施して圧縮撚線とすることができる。圧縮撚線とすることで、撚り合わせた状態よりも線径を小さくできる。圧縮撚線は、例えば、各線材の直径が0.1mm以上0.5mm以下である複数の線材を撚り合せ、得られた撚り線に圧縮率が20%以下の圧縮加工を施して得られる圧縮撚線であって、圧縮撚線の断面積が0.05mm2以上0.3mm2以下であるものが挙げられる。圧縮率は、圧縮率=1-{(圧縮後の撚線の断面積)/(圧縮前の撚線の断面積)}により求められる。 The conductor of the present invention may have a single wire structure composed of one wire, or a twisted wire structure in which a plurality of the wires are twisted together. Even a thin wire rod can be made into a high strength wire rod (twisted wire) by twisting together. The number of twists is not particularly limited. For example, 7,11,19,37 are mentioned. In addition, the conductor of the present invention can be subjected to compression processing after being twisted to form a compression stranded wire. By setting it as the compression twisted wire, the wire diameter can be made smaller than the twisted state. The compression stranded wire is obtained by, for example, twisting a plurality of wires each having a diameter of 0.1 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less, and compressing the obtained stranded wire with a compression ratio of 20% or less. In addition, the cross-sectional area of the compression stranded wire is 0.05 mm 2 or more and 0.3 mm 2 or less. The compression ratio is obtained by compression ratio = 1 − {(cross-sectional area of stranded wire after compression) / (cross-sectional area of stranded wire before compression)}.
《特性》
本発明導体は、上記特定の組成のCu-Sn合金から構成された線材や撚り線、圧縮撚線に後述する特定の熱処理(軟化処理)を施した軟材で構成されることから、靭性に優れ、伸びが10%以上である。また、本発明導体は、上記特定の組成のCu-Sn合金から構成されることで高強度であり、引張強さが330MPa以上である。更に、本発明導体は、上記特定の組成のCu-Sn合金から構成されることで導電率も高く、20%IACS以上である。SnやP、酸素の含有量、軟化条件、線径などにもよるが、本発明導体は、伸び:30%以上、引張強さ:360MPa以上を満たすこともできる。
"Characteristic"
The conductor of the present invention is composed of a soft material obtained by performing a specific heat treatment (softening treatment) to be described later on a wire material, a stranded wire, or a compression stranded wire composed of the Cu-Sn alloy having the specific composition described above. Excellent and elongation is 10% or more. In addition, the conductor of the present invention has high strength by being composed of the Cu—Sn alloy having the above specific composition, and has a tensile strength of 330 MPa or more. Further, the conductor of the present invention is composed of the Cu—Sn alloy having the above specific composition, so that the electrical conductivity is high and is 20% IACS or more. Depending on Sn, P, oxygen content, softening conditions, wire diameter, etc., the conductor of the present invention can satisfy elongation of 30% or more and tensile strength of 360 MPa or more.
SnやP、酸素の含有量、製造条件(伸線時の加工度(断面減少率)、軟化条件など)を適宜調整することで、導電率、伸び、引張強さが上記特定の範囲を満たす線材などが得られる。Snを多くしたり、酸素を少なくしたりすると、強度が高くなる傾向にあり、SnやPを少なくしたり、軟化処理時の温度を高くしたりすると、靭性及び導電率が高くなる傾向にある。 By appropriately adjusting Sn, P, oxygen content, manufacturing conditions (working degree during wire drawing (cross-sectional reduction rate), softening conditions, etc.), conductivity, elongation, and tensile strength satisfy the above specified ranges. Wire material etc. are obtained. Increasing Sn or decreasing oxygen tends to increase strength, and decreasing Sn or P or increasing temperature during softening tends to increase toughness and electrical conductivity. .
[電線]
上記本発明導体は、用途に応じて、このまま導体として使用することもできるし、この導体の外周に絶縁材料により形成した絶縁層を具える電線として使用することもできる。絶縁材料は、適宜選択することができる。例えば、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)やノンハロゲン樹脂、難燃性に優れる材料などが挙げられる。絶縁層の厚さは、所望の絶縁強度を考慮して適宜選択することができ、特に限定されない。この電線の端部に、機器などの接続対象に接続できるように端子を装着して、端子付き電線とすることもできる。複数の電線に対して一つの端子部を共有する電線群とすることもできる。この場合、複数の電線を結束具などにより一纏まりに束ねることで、電線群のハンドリング性に優れる。
[Electrical wire]
The above-mentioned conductor of the present invention can be used as a conductor as it is depending on the application, or can be used as an electric wire having an insulating layer formed of an insulating material on the outer periphery of the conductor. The insulating material can be selected as appropriate. For example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a non-halogen resin, a material excellent in flame retardancy, and the like can be given. The thickness of the insulating layer can be appropriately selected in consideration of desired insulating strength, and is not particularly limited. A terminal can be attached to the end portion of the electric wire so that it can be connected to a connection target such as a device, thereby forming an electric wire with a terminal. It can also be set as the electric wire group which shares one terminal part with respect to a some electric wire. In this case, it is excellent in the handleability of an electric wire group by bundling a plurality of electric wires together with a binding tool or the like.
[製造方法]
本発明導体は、代表的には、鋳造→伸線加工→最終熱処理(軟化処理)という工程により形成することができる。また、本発明電線は、上記本発明導体の外周に絶縁層を設けることにより形成することができる。
[Production method]
The conductor of the present invention can be typically formed by a process of casting → drawing → final heat treatment (softening treatment). Moreover, this invention electric wire can be formed by providing an insulating layer in the outer periphery of the said this invention conductor.
鋳造は、ビレット鋳造でもよいが、急冷凝固により結晶粒や晶析出物を微細化して微細組織を有する鋳造材が得られる連続鋳造が好ましい。連続鋳造では、凝固時に冷却速度が10℃/sec以上が得られる横型鋳造機や、縦型鋳造機を利用することがより望ましい。冷却速度が10℃/sec以上であることで、結晶粒が微細化すると共に、晶析出物を微細に分散することができる。連続鋳造により、結晶の微細化による強度の向上や、微細な晶析出物の分散による靭性の向上を図ることができる。特に、鋳型や坩堝は、酸素の含有量が少ない材料、例えば、高純度カーボンからなるものを利用することが好ましい。 The casting may be billet casting, but continuous casting is preferred in which a cast material having a microstructure is obtained by refining crystal grains and crystal precipitates by rapid solidification. In continuous casting, it is more desirable to use a horizontal casting machine or a vertical casting machine that can obtain a cooling rate of 10 ° C./sec or more during solidification. When the cooling rate is 10 ° C./sec or more, crystal grains can be refined and crystal precipitates can be finely dispersed. By continuous casting, it is possible to improve strength by refining crystals and toughness by dispersing fine crystal precipitates. In particular, it is preferable to use a material having a low oxygen content, for example, a material made of high-purity carbon, for the mold and the crucible.
伸線加工工程において、加工度は、所望の線径に応じて適宜選択することができる。伸線途中に適宜中間熱処理を行うと、次の伸線時の加工性を高められると共に、最終線径での軟化後の線材(軟材)の引張強さを高めることができる。中間熱処理は、加熱温度:400℃以上500℃以下、加熱時間:0.5時間以上5時間以下が好ましい。また、中間熱処理後から最終線径までの伸線加工度(-ln(A/A0)、又はln(A0/A)、A:最終線径での線材の断面積、A0:最終線径の直前に行った中間熱処理後の線材の断面積)を2.0以上9.0以下にすることで、最終線径での軟化後の線材の引張強さを更に高められる。上記伸線加工度は、5.0以上8.0以下がより好ましい。更に、伸線途中に適宜皮剥ぎを行って表面疵や酸化膜を除去すると、表面性状に優れる線材が得られて好ましい。得られた伸線材は、所望の本数を用意して撚り合わせ、撚り線としたり、この撚り線に圧縮加工を施して圧縮撚線としたりすることができる。 In the wire drawing step, the degree of processing can be appropriately selected according to the desired wire diameter. When an intermediate heat treatment is appropriately performed in the middle of wire drawing, the workability at the time of the next wire drawing can be improved, and the tensile strength of the wire (soft material) after softening at the final wire diameter can be increased. The intermediate heat treatment is preferably performed at a heating temperature of 400 ° C. to 500 ° C. and a heating time of 0.5 hour to 5 hours. Also, the degree of wire drawing from the intermediate heat treatment to the final wire diameter (-ln (A / A0) or ln (A0 / A), A: cross-sectional area of the wire at the final wire diameter, A0: final wire diameter The tensile strength of the wire after softening at the final wire diameter can be further increased by setting the cross-sectional area of the wire after the intermediate heat treatment performed immediately before to 2.0 to 9.0. The drawing degree is more preferably 5.0 or more and 8.0 or less. Furthermore, it is preferable to remove the surface defects and the oxide film by appropriately peeling in the middle of wire drawing because a wire having excellent surface properties can be obtained. As for the obtained wire drawing material, a desired number can be prepared and twisted together to form a stranded wire, or the stranded wire can be compressed to form a compressed stranded wire.
軟化処理は、結晶組織の微細化、及び加工硬化によって高めた線材の強度を極端に低下させることなく軟化して、線材の靭性を高めるために行う。軟化処理の条件は、適宜選択するとよく、バッチ処理、連続処理のいずれも適用できる。バッチ処理は、加熱用容器(雰囲気炉、例えば、箱型炉)内に加熱対象を封入した状態で加熱する処理であり、連続処理よりも伸びが高い線材が得られる傾向にある。連続処理は、抵抗加熱による方式、高周波数の電磁誘導による方式、加熱雰囲気とした加熱用容器(パイプ軟化炉)を利用する方式などが挙げられ、大量生産に向いている。バッチ処理の場合、加熱温度は400℃以上500℃以下、加熱時間は3時間以上5時間以下が好ましく、連続処理の場合、処理後の線材(単線、撚り線、圧縮撚線)の伸びが10%以上となるような条件により行う。 The softening treatment is performed in order to increase the toughness of the wire by softening without extremely reducing the strength of the wire that has been increased by refinement of the crystal structure and work hardening. The conditions for the softening treatment may be appropriately selected, and both batch treatment and continuous treatment can be applied. The batch process is a process of heating in a state where a heating target is enclosed in a heating container (atmosphere furnace, for example, a box furnace), and tends to obtain a wire having a higher elongation than the continuous process. The continuous treatment includes a method using resistance heating, a method using high-frequency electromagnetic induction, a method using a heating vessel (pipe softening furnace) in a heating atmosphere, and the like, and is suitable for mass production. In the case of batch treatment, the heating temperature is preferably 400 ° C. or more and 500 ° C. or less, and the heating time is preferably 3 hours or more and 5 hours or less, and in the case of continuous treatment, the elongation of the treated wire (single wire, stranded wire, compression stranded wire) is 10 %.
上記中間熱処理及び軟化処理の雰囲気は、処理中の熱により線材の表面に酸化膜が生成されることを抑制するために、非酸化性雰囲気が好ましい。非酸化性雰囲気は、例えば、真空雰囲気(減圧雰囲気)、窒素(N2)やアルゴン(Ar)などの不活性ガス雰囲気、水素含有ガス(例えば、水素(H2)のみ、N2,Ar,ヘリウム(He)といった不活性ガスと水素(H2)との混合ガスなど)や炭酸ガス含有ガス(例えば、一酸化炭素(CO)と二酸化炭素(CO2)との混合ガスなど)といった還元性ガス雰囲気が挙げられる。 The atmosphere of the intermediate heat treatment and softening treatment is preferably a non-oxidizing atmosphere in order to suppress the formation of an oxide film on the surface of the wire due to heat during the treatment. Non-oxidizing atmospheres include, for example, a vacuum atmosphere (reduced pressure atmosphere), an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen (N 2 ) and argon (Ar), a hydrogen-containing gas (for example, hydrogen (H 2 ) only, N 2 , Ar, Reducing properties such as inert gas such as helium (He) and hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon dioxide containing gas (for example, mixed gas of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 )) A gas atmosphere is mentioned.
上記撚り線や圧縮撚線では、撚り合わせ前の線材のみに軟化処理を施してもよいし、撚り合わせ前後の双方に軟化処理を行ってもよいし、撚り合わせ前の伸線材に施さず、撚り線や圧縮撚線のみに軟化処理を施してもよい。撚り合わせ前の線材のみに軟化処理を施した場合でも、この線材(軟材)は靭性に優れることから、撚り合わせ後の撚り線や圧縮撚線に軟化処理を施さなくても、高い靭性を有することができると期待される。 In the above-mentioned stranded wire and compression stranded wire, softening treatment may be performed only on the wire material before twisting, softening treatment may be performed on both before and after twisting, or not applied to the wire drawing material before twisting, You may perform a softening process only to a twisted wire or a compression twisted wire. Even when only the wire before twisting is softened, this wire (soft material) is excellent in toughness.Therefore, even if the twisted wire after compression and the compression twisted wire are not softened, high toughness is achieved. It is expected that you can have.
本発明電線用導体及び本発明電線は、高強度でありながら、靭性に優れる。 The conductor for electric wire of the present invention and the electric wire of the present invention are excellent in toughness while having high strength.
Cu-Sn合金からなる線材を作製し、特性を評価した。 Wires made of Cu-Sn alloy were prepared and their characteristics were evaluated.
<実施例>
試料は、原料の準備→溶融合金の作製(溶解)→連続鋳造→冷間加工(圧延)→冷間伸線(→中間熱処理)→撚り合せ及び圧縮→最終熱処理(軟化処理)という手順で作製した。より具体的には、原料として無酸素銅を用意し、横型連続鋳造機の高純度カーボン製の坩堝内で大気溶解させ(1150〜1250℃)、完全に溶解した後、上記連続鋳造機の坩堝内に用意した錫粒及びリンを投入して更に溶解した。溶解したCu-Snの混合溶湯を横型連続鋳造機(鋳型:高純度カーボン製)により鋳造して鋳造材(直径22mmの線材)を作製した。この時の凝固時の冷却速度は10℃/sec以上であった。なお、錫粒及びりんの添加量は、表1に示す組成となるように調整した。
<Example>
Samples are prepared in the order of preparation of raw materials → production of molten alloy (melting) → continuous casting → cold working (rolling) → cold drawing (→ intermediate heat treatment) → twisting and compression → final heat treatment (softening treatment) did. More specifically, oxygen-free copper is prepared as a raw material, dissolved in the atmosphere in a high-purity carbon crucible of a horizontal continuous casting machine (1150 to 1250 ° C.), completely melted, and then the crucible of the continuous casting machine. The tin particles and phosphorus prepared inside were added and further dissolved. The molten Cu—Sn mixed melt was cast by a horizontal continuous casting machine (mold: made of high-purity carbon) to produce a cast material (wire material having a diameter of 22 mm). The cooling rate during solidification at this time was 10 ° C./sec or more. The addition amounts of tin grains and phosphorus were adjusted so as to have the composition shown in Table 1.
得られた鋳造材に冷間圧延を施し、直径9.5mmの線材に加工した後、熱処理(450℃×3時間、非酸化性雰囲気)を施した。この熱処理材に皮剥ぎを施して表面層を除去し、直径8mmの線材を得た。得られた線材に複数パスの冷間伸線加工を施し、最終的に直径0.2mm又は0.175mmの丸線を得た。また、線径が0.175mmの丸線を形成する際、伸線加工途中に中間熱処理(480℃×4時間)を適宜行った。中間熱処理から最終線径までの伸線加工度(-ln(A/A0))は2.0〜9.0に調整した。得られた丸線を素線とし、7本の素線を撚り合せて撚り線を作製し、この撚り線に圧縮率が10%の圧縮加工を施して、表1に示す断面積(mm2)を有する圧縮撚線を得た(断面積:0.22mm2 直径0.2mmの丸線使用、断面積:0.13mm2 直径0.175mmの丸線使用)。得られた圧縮撚線に軟化処理(480℃×3時間、バッチ処理)を施したものを試料とし(試料No.1〜3)、各試料について、破断荷重、伸び、衝撃値、電気抵抗率を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。 The obtained cast material was cold-rolled, processed into a wire having a diameter of 9.5 mm, and then heat-treated (450 ° C. × 3 hours, non-oxidizing atmosphere). The heat treatment material was skinned to remove the surface layer, and a wire with a diameter of 8 mm was obtained. The obtained wire was subjected to multiple passes of cold drawing to finally obtain a round wire having a diameter of 0.2 mm or 0.175 mm. Further, when forming a round wire having a wire diameter of 0.175 mm, an intermediate heat treatment (480 ° C. × 4 hours) was appropriately performed during the drawing process. The drawing degree (-ln (A / A0)) from the intermediate heat treatment to the final wire diameter was adjusted to 2.0-9.0. The obtained round wire is used as a strand, and seven strands are twisted to produce a stranded wire. The stranded wire is subjected to compression processing with a compressibility of 10%, and the cross-sectional area shown in Table 1 (mm 2 ) was obtained compressed stranded wire having a (cross-sectional area: 0.22 mm 2 diameter 0.2mm round wire used, the cross-sectional area: 0.13 mm round wire using the second diameter 0.175 mm). The obtained compression twisted wire was subjected to softening treatment (480 ° C x 3 hours, batch treatment) as a sample (Sample No. 1 to 3), and for each sample, breaking load, elongation, impact value, electrical resistivity Was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
また、得られた0.2mmの丸線に熱処理(500℃×2時間)を施したものを試料とし、各試料について、引張強さ、0.2%耐力、伸び、導電率、酸素濃度、不純物の含有量を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。 In addition, samples obtained by subjecting the obtained 0.2 mm round wire to heat treatment (500 ° C x 2 hours) are used as samples, and for each sample, tensile strength, 0.2% proof stress, elongation, conductivity, oxygen concentration, impurity content The amount was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
引張強さ(MPa)、0.2%耐力(MPa)、伸び(%)、及び破断荷重(N)は、JIS Z 2241の規定に準じて測定した。より具体的には、試験サンプルを用意し、掴み間隔を250mm、引張速度を50mm/minとして、試験サンプルが破断するまで引張試験を実施する。この引張試験時の最大の荷重値を試験サンプルの横断面の面積で割ったものを引張強さとし、当該最大の荷重値を破断荷重とする。また、試験サンプルの破断後、掴み部を取り外して掴み間隔を計測し、伸び=1-{(破断後の掴み間隔)/(試験前の掴み間隔)}で算出された値を伸びとする。電気抵抗率(mΩ/m)は、4端子法により測定した。酸素濃度及び不純物の含有量(いずれも質量割合でppm)は、ICP発光分光分析装置を用いて調べた。なお、不純物は、Fe、Pb、Bi、Ag、Sb、As、Zn、Si、及びAlの少なくとも一種の元素であった。 Tensile strength (MPa), 0.2% proof stress (MPa), elongation (%), and breaking load (N) were measured in accordance with JIS Z 2241. More specifically, a test sample is prepared, a grip test is performed at 250 mm / min, a tensile speed is 50 mm / min, and a tensile test is performed until the test sample breaks. The maximum load value at the time of the tensile test divided by the area of the cross section of the test sample is taken as the tensile strength, and the maximum load value is taken as the breaking load. Further, after the test sample is broken, the grip portion is removed and the grip interval is measured, and the value calculated by Elongation = 1 − {(Grip interval after break) / (Grip interval before test)} is taken as the elongation. The electrical resistivity (mΩ / m) was measured by the 4-terminal method. The oxygen concentration and impurity content (both ppm by mass ratio) were examined using an ICP emission spectroscopic analyzer. The impurities were at least one element of Fe, Pb, Bi, Ag, Sb, As, Zn, Si, and Al.
衝撃値(N・m)は、試料(標点間距離:1m)の一端を固定し、他端に錘を取り付け、この錘を1m上方に持ち上げた後、自由落下させ、試料が断線しない最大の錘の重量(kg)を測定し、この重量に重力加速度(9.8m/s2)と落下距離1mとをかけた積値とした。 The impact value (Nm) is the maximum at which one end of the sample (distance between the gauge points: 1 m) is fixed, a weight is attached to the other end, the weight is lifted upward by 1 m, then dropped freely, and the sample does not break. The weight (kg) of the weight was measured, and the product was obtained by multiplying the weight by the acceleration of gravity (9.8 m / s 2 ) and the fall distance of 1 m.
<比較例>
比較試料として、純銅からなる試料No.100を以下のように作製した。無酸素銅を用意し、上記横型連続鋳造機により純銅の鋳造材を作製し、得られた鋳造材に、上記試料No.1〜3と同様に冷間圧延→熱処理→皮剥ぎ→冷間伸線及び中間熱処理を施して、最終的に直径0.2mm又は0.175mmの丸線を得た。得られた7本の丸線を撚り合せた撚り線に圧縮率が10%の圧縮加工を施し、得られた圧縮撚線に軟化処理(連続処理)を施した。連続処理は、熱処理後の線材の伸びが30%程度となるように熱処理条件(線速や電流値など)を調整して施した。得られた圧縮撚線(軟材)の特性を上記試料No.1〜3と同様にして測定した。その結果を表1に示す。また、得られた0.2mmの丸線に上記連続処理を施したものの特性を上記試料No.1〜3と同様にして測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
<Comparative example>
As a comparative sample, Sample No. 100 made of pure copper was prepared as follows. Prepare oxygen-free copper, produce a pure copper casting by the horizontal continuous casting machine, and cold-roll → heat treatment → skinning → cold-stretching to the obtained casting material in the same way as the above sample Nos. 1 to 3 Wire and intermediate heat treatment were applied to finally obtain a round wire having a diameter of 0.2 mm or 0.175 mm. The stranded wire obtained by twisting the seven round wires thus obtained was subjected to compression processing with a compression rate of 10%, and the obtained compression stranded wire was subjected to softening treatment (continuous treatment). The continuous treatment was performed by adjusting the heat treatment conditions (wire speed, current value, etc.) so that the elongation of the wire after the heat treatment was about 30%. The characteristics of the obtained compression stranded wire (soft material) were measured in the same manner as in the above sample Nos. 1 to 3. The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the characteristics of the obtained 0.2 mm round wire subjected to the above-described continuous treatment were measured in the same manner as in Sample Nos. 1 to 3. The results are shown in Table 1.
別の比較試料として、Snの含有量が少ない試料No.200を上記試料No.1〜3と同様に作製した。但し、圧縮撚線及び0.2mmの丸線には、軟化処理を施さずにそのまま特性を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。 As another comparative sample, Sample No. 200 with a small Sn content was prepared in the same manner as Sample Nos. 1 to 3. However, the properties of the compression stranded wire and the 0.2 mm round wire were measured as they were without being softened. The results are shown in Table 1.
表1に示すように、Snを2〜6質量%(ここでは2〜5質量%)含有し、酸素濃度が低い試料No.1〜3は、引張強さ及び破断荷重が高く、高強度でありながら、伸び及び衝撃値が高く、靭性に優れることが分かる。具体的には、試料No.1〜3は、引張強さが330MPa以上であり、断面積が0.22mm2(0.22sq相当)の場合、破断荷重が70N以上を満たし、断面積が0.13mm2(0.13sq相当)の場合でも破断荷重が45N以上である。また、試料No.1〜3は、伸びが10%以上であり、断面積が0.22mm2の場合、衝撃値が12N・m以上、断面積が0.13mm2の場合でも衝撃値が6N・m以上である。更に、試料No.1〜3は、SnやPの含有量を比較的少なくしていることで、導電率の低下が少なく、20%IACS以上であり、電気抵抗率が667mΩ/m以下である。そのため、試料No.1〜3は、例えば、信号線の導体として、好適に利用できると期待される。また、表1に示すように、断面積が0.13mm2(0.13sq相当)といった細径の場合、2〜5質量%の範囲でSnを比較的多く含むことで、より高強度でより高靭性な導体が得られていることが分かる。 As shown in Table 1, Sample Nos. 1 to 3 containing 2 to 6 mass% (here 2 to 5 mass%) of Sn and having a low oxygen concentration have high tensile strength and high rupture load, and high strength. Nevertheless, it can be seen that the elongation and impact values are high and the toughness is excellent. Specifically, sample Nos. 1 to 3 have a tensile strength of 330 MPa or more, a cross-sectional area of 0.22 mm 2 (equivalent to 0.22 sq), a breaking load of 70 N or more, and a cross-sectional area of 0.13 mm 2 Even in the case of (corresponding to 0.13 sq), the breaking load is 45 N or more. In Sample No.1~3 extends is 10% or more, when the cross-sectional area of 0.22 mm 2, the impact value is 12N · m or more, the impact value 6N · Even if the cross-sectional area of 0.13 mm 2 m That's it. Furthermore, sample Nos. 1 to 3 have a relatively low Sn and P content, so there is little decrease in conductivity, 20% IACS or more, and electrical resistivity is 667 mΩ / m or less. . Therefore, it is expected that sample Nos. 1 to 3 can be suitably used as, for example, a conductor of a signal line. In addition, as shown in Table 1, when the cross-sectional area is as small as 0.13 mm 2 (equivalent to 0.13 sq), it contains a relatively large amount of Sn in the range of 2 to 5% by mass, resulting in higher strength and higher toughness. It can be seen that a simple conductor is obtained.
一方、純銅の試料No.100は、導電率及び伸びが高いものの、試料No.1〜3と比較して強度に劣ることが分かる。Snが少なく、軟化処理を施していない試料No.200は、導電率及び強度が高いものの、試料No.1〜3と比較して靭性に劣ることが分かる。 On the other hand, although sample No. 100 of pure copper has high electrical conductivity and elongation, it turns out that it is inferior in intensity compared with sample No. 1-3. It can be seen that Sample No. 200 with a small amount of Sn and not subjected to the softening treatment is inferior in toughness as compared with Samples No. 1 to 3, although the conductivity and strength are high.
作製した試料No.1〜3の圧縮撚線(軟材)を導体とし、この導体の外周に絶縁材料(ここでは、ハロゲンフリー絶縁材料)により、絶縁層(厚さ0.2mm)を形成して、電線を作製したところ、問題なく作製することができた。この電線は、上述のように電線に望まれる機械的特性を十分に具えている上に、信号線に適した導電率を有することから、特に、信号線に好適に利用できると期待される。 The compression stranded wire (soft material) of the prepared sample Nos. 1 to 3 is used as a conductor, and an insulating layer (thickness 0.2 mm) is formed on the outer periphery of this conductor using an insulating material (here, halogen-free insulating material). When the electric wire was produced, it was produced without any problems. Since this electric wire has sufficient mechanical properties desired for the electric wire as described above and has a conductivity suitable for the signal line, it is expected to be particularly suitable for the signal line.
なお、上述した実施形態は、本発明の要旨を逸脱することなく、適宜変更することが可能であり、上述した構成に限定されるものではない。例えば、SnやP、酸素の含有量や、線径などを適宜変更することができる。 The above-described embodiment can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention, and is not limited to the above-described configuration. For example, Sn, P, oxygen content, wire diameter, and the like can be changed as appropriate.
本発明電線は、自動車や飛行機といった搬送機器、種々の電子部品、産業用ロボットなどの配線に好適に利用することができる。また、本発明導体は、上記本発明電線の構成材料に好適に利用することができる。 The electric wire of the present invention can be preferably used for wiring of a transport device such as an automobile or an airplane, various electronic components, an industrial robot, and the like. Moreover, this invention conductor can be utilized suitably for the constituent material of the said this invention electric wire.
Claims (6)
前記銅合金は、質量割合で、Snを2%以上6%以下、Pを10ppm以上300ppm未満、酸素を1ppm以上50ppm以下含有し、残部がCu及び不純物からなり、
前記不純物の含有量は、質量割合で、合計200ppm以下であり、
引張強さが330MPa以上、伸びが30%以上である電線用導体。 A conductor for electric wires composed of a copper alloy wire,
The copper alloy contains Sn in a mass ratio of 2% to 6%, P in a range of 10 ppm to less than 300 ppm, oxygen in a range of 1 ppm to 50 ppm, and the balance consisting of Cu and impurities.
The content of the impurity, at a mass ratio state, and are total 200ppm or less,
A conductor for electric wires having a tensile strength of 330 MPa or more and an elongation of 30% or more .
(1)前記線材の直径が0.1mm以上0.5mm以下の単線(1) Single wire having a diameter of the wire of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm
(2)直径が0.1mm以上0.5mm以下の前記線材を複数撚り合わせた撚り線(2) A stranded wire obtained by twisting a plurality of the wires having a diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
(3)前記(2)の撚り線を圧縮した圧縮撚線であって、断面積が0.05mm(3) A compression stranded wire obtained by compressing the stranded wire of (2) above, having a cross-sectional area of 0.05 mm. 22 以上0.3mm0.3 mm or more 22 以下のものThe following
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US9318238B2 (en) | 2011-10-04 | 2016-04-19 | Totoku Electric Co., Ltd. | Hollow core body for signal transmission cable |
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