JP5403436B2 - ボールボンディング用ワイヤ - Google Patents
ボールボンディング用ワイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5403436B2 JP5403436B2 JP2011221923A JP2011221923A JP5403436B2 JP 5403436 B2 JP5403436 B2 JP 5403436B2 JP 2011221923 A JP2011221923 A JP 2011221923A JP 2011221923 A JP2011221923 A JP 2011221923A JP 5403436 B2 JP5403436 B2 JP 5403436B2
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 gold-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01L2224/451—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/45138—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
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Description
一方、ボンディング用ワイヤによる半導体素子上の電極と回路配線基板の導体配線との接続には、ボールボンディング法とウエッジボンディング法がある(特許文献1図1、図2)。
1stボンドが形成されれば、キャピラリー10aは、一定高さまで上昇した後(同図(c))、導体配線cの真上まで移動する(同図(d)〜(e))。このとき、安定したループを形成するため、キャピラリー10aに特殊な動きをさせてワイヤWに「くせ」を付ける動作をする場合がある(同図(d)の鎖線から実線参照)。
このとき、Pdの添加量が多すぎると、1st接合時、溶融ボールbが硬くなり過ぎて、十分な接合面積が得られず、また、Au−Al間で合金層の生成が不十分となるため接合性が低下する。このため、安定して接合するためには高温、高荷重、高超音波出力で接合する必要があるが、それらを行うと、半導体素子の損傷等の不具合が発生する。一方、添加量が少なすぎると、Pd添加による上記効果が期待できない。このため、0.2〜2重量%含有、好ましくは0.5〜1.5重量%含有とする。
引張強度が294MPaを超えると、ワイヤの強度が高すぎて2nd接合時にワイヤが潰れにくく、接合面積が小さくなり、2nd接合性が低下する。196MPa未満では、ワイヤが柔らかく、2nd接合の接合面積が大きくなるが、ワイヤ自体の強度が低いため、プル試験(図3で示すように、接合したワイヤを2nd接合部で引張る)を行うと、ワイヤWが簡単に切れてしまう。
また、Pdを0.5〜1.5重量%含有し、Ca、Beのうち少なくとも1種以上を総和1〜25重量ppm含有し、Ag、Mg、Ge、Cuのうち少なくとも1種以上を総和1〜75重量ppm含有し、その残部が金及び不可避不純物からなる組成のボールボンディング用ワイヤとすれば、下記実施例から、引張強度、伸び、圧着ボール形状(1stボール円形性)、1st接合性(シェア強度)及び2nd接合性(プル試験)の全てにおいて優れたものとなる。
さらに、微量添加元素Ca、Be、Ag、Mg、Ge、Cuの総和は50〜100重量ppmであることが好ましい。
また、1st接合時の圧着ボール径を小さくしても確実な接合性を担保し、狭ピッチ化
に適応するものとなる。
金純度が99.99重量%以上の高純度金を用いて、表1に示す化学成分の金合金を鋳造し、8mmφのワイヤロッドを作成した。そのワイヤロッドを伸線加工し最終線径を25μmの金合金線とし、窒素雰囲気中400〜600℃で連続焼鈍して伸び3〜5%、所定の引張強度になるように調製した。化学成分の定量はICP−OES(高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法)により行った。そのボンディング用ワイヤWとして、実施例1〜28、比較例1〜8を得た。
『評価項目』
得られたボンディング用ワイヤWについて、常温における引張強度(MPa)、伸び(%)、圧着ボール形状、1st接合性、2nd接合性及び総合評価を表2に示す。
『評価方法』
「引張強度」:
長さ100mmのワイヤ30本を引張速度10mm/分で引張り、破断荷重(単位:mN)を測定した。破断荷重の値と線径から求められる断面積より引張強度を求め、平均化した。
「伸び」:
長さ100mmのワイヤ30本を引張速度10mm/分で引張り、破断が起きるまでの伸びを測定し、平均化した。
「圧着ボール形状(1stボール円形性)」:
1st接合部の形状を光学顕微鏡および走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察した。観察は100個行い、すべて略円形なら「○」、1〜5つの変形なら「△」、5つ以上変形していたら「×」とした。
「1st接合性(シェア強度)」:
ボンドテスタ−2400(dage社製)にて1st接合部のシェア強度を30個測定した。測定値から単位面積当たりのシェア強度を計算し、平均化した。
その単位面積当たりのシェア強度が98MPa以上なら「○」、88MPa以上98MPa未満なら「△」、88MPa未満なら「×」とした。
「2nd接合性(プル試験)」:
図3に示すように、2nd接合部を上方に引張り、ボンドテスタ−2400(dage社製)によって、そのワイヤが切断された時点の引張強度(プル強度)を30個測定し、平均化した。49mN以上なら「○」、39mN以上49mN未満なら「△」、39mN未満なら「×」とした。
『ボンディング手段』
ボンディングには市販のボンダーを使用して溶融ボールbを作製し、ステージ温度150℃にて、1st部、2nd部をそれぞれアルミ電極aにボンディングを行った。
『総合評価』
各評価で全て「○」のものを「◎」、「△」が一つで他全て「○」のものを「○」、「×」が無く「△」が二つ以上あるものを「△」、「×」が一つでもあるものを「×」とした。
なお、この評価において、「×」以外は、使用条件によれば、この発明の作用効果を発揮して使用し得る。
比較例3、6から、Ag、Mg、Ge、Cuのうち少なくとも1種以上の含有量の総和が1〜100重量ppmを外れると、圧着ボール形状、又は2nd接合性において不都合が生じて総合評価が「×」となっている。
また、比較例1、2、4〜8から、引張強度が196〜294MPaを外れると、圧着ボール形状、1nd接合性又は2nd接合性の何れかにおいて不都合が生じて総合評価が「×」となっている。
一方、実施例1〜15から、Pdが0.5〜1.5重量%、Ca、Beの総和が1〜25重量ppm、Ag、Mg、Ge、Cuの総和が50〜75重量ppm、引張強度が196〜294MPa、微量添加元素Ca、Be、Ag、Mg、Ge、Cuの総和が54.3〜95重量ppmであると、総合評価において「◎」であり、優れた配合割合であることが理解できる。
a 集積回路素子の電極
b 溶融ボール
b’ 圧着ボール
c 回路配線基板の導体配線
Claims (3)
- 半導体素子の電極(a)と回路配線基板の導体配線(c)をボールボンディング法によって接続するための線径10〜50μmのボンディング用ワイヤ(W)において、Pdを0.2〜2重量%含有し、Ca、Beのうち1種を総和1〜50重量ppm含有するとともにそのBeの含有量は25重量ppm以下とし、Ag、Mg、Ge、Cuのうち少なくとも1種以上を総和1〜100重量ppm含有し、かつ、そのCa、Be、Ag、Mg、Ge、Cuの総和が50〜105重量ppmであり(但し、CaとMgの両者を含む場合を除く。)、残部が金及び不可避不純物からなる組成を有して、引張強度が196〜294MPaであることを特徴とするボールボンディング用ワイヤ。
- 半導体素子の電極(a)と回路配線基板の導体配線(c)をボールボンディング法によって接続するための線径10〜50μmのボンディング用ワイヤ(W)において、Pdを0.5〜1.5重量%含有し、Ca、Beのうち1種を総和1〜25重量ppm含有し、Ag、Mg、Ge、Cuのうち少なくとも1種以上を総和1〜75重量ppm含有し、かつ、そのCa、Be、Ag、Mg、Ge、Cuの総和が50〜105重量ppmであり(但し、CaとMgの両者を含む場合を除く。)、残部が金及び不可避不純物からなる組成を有して、引張強度が196〜294MPaであることを特徴とするボールボンディング用ワイヤ。
- 上記Ag、Mg、Ge、Cuのうち少なくとも1種以上を総和50〜75重量ppm含有し、微量添加元素Ca、Be、Ag、Mg、Ge、Cuの総和が54.3〜95重量ppm(但し、CaとMgの両者を含む場合を除く。)であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のボールボンディング用ワイヤ。
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