JP5456723B2 - 燃料電池システム及び該システム搭載車両 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及び該システム搭載車両 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 74
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
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- POFWRMVFWIJXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-9-(oxan-2-yl)purin-6-amine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CNC(C=1N=C2)=NC=NC=1N2C1CCCCO1 POFWRMVFWIJXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B60L2210/12—Buck converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B60L2210/14—Boost converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Description
次に、ECU24における基本制御の動作について説明する。この基本制御を前提として、第1〜第3実施例を後述する。
Pthp=0.8[V]×Nfc×Icellp (1)
上述した基本制御において、例えば、システム負荷(システム要求負荷)Psysが大きい場合には、上述したステップS22(図12)の処理に係る、図13中、電圧v2(=0.8V)以下での通常IV特性162に沿うモードA制御、すなわち、目標FC電圧Vfctgtが可変で、カソードストイキ比(≒酸素濃度)が通常とされ、且つFC電流Ifcが可変とされる制御が実行される。
以上説明したように、第1実施例に係る燃料電池システム12は、触媒を有し、前記触媒で酸素又は水素を反応させることで発電するFCスタック40と、前記酸素及び前記水素の少なくとも一方を、FCスタック40に供給するガス供給手段{燃料ガス供給手段(水素タンク44)、酸化剤ガス供給手段(エアポンプ60)}と、蓄電量に応じて出力電圧が変動するバッテリ20(蓄電装置)と、FCスタック40に並列且つバッテリ20に直列に設けられ、FCスタック40のFC電圧Vfcを調整するDC/DCコンバータ22(電圧調整手段)と、FCスタック40の出力電力により駆動される負荷33と、負荷33のシステム電力(システム要求電力)Psysを検出するとともに、FCスタック40、前記ガス供給手段、及びDC/DCコンバータ22を制御するECU24(制御手段)を有する。
図22は、第2実施例に係るFCユニット18の概略構成を示している。この第2実施例に係るFCユニット18において、カソード系56aには、エアポンプ60、加湿器62、及び背圧弁64の他、循環弁(カソード循環弁)66が含まれる。
上述した第1実施例及び第2実施例の直結制御において、直結しようとするときに、バッテリ20のSOC値が高く、バッテリ電圧Vbatが高い値に保持されていると、バッテリ電圧Vbatが酸化還元進行領域R3内にある確率が高くなる。
なお、この発明は、上記実施形態に限らず、この明細書の記載内容に基づき、種々の構成を採り得ることはもちろんである。例えば、以下の構成を採用することができる。
14…駆動モータ(負荷) 16…インバータ(負荷)
18…燃料電池ユニット 20…高電圧バッテリ(蓄電装置)
22…DC/DCコンバータ(電圧調整手段)
24…ECU(制御装置) 33…負荷
40…FCスタック 44…水素タンク
60…エアポンプ(負荷) 66…循環弁
80…ウォータポンプ(負荷) 90…エアコンディショナ(負荷)
Claims (2)
- 触媒を有し、前記触媒で酸素又は水素を反応させることで発電する燃料電池と、
前記酸素及び前記水素の少なくとも一方を、前記燃料電池に供給するガス供給手段と、
蓄電量に応じて出力電圧が変動する蓄電装置と、
前記燃料電池に並列且つ前記蓄電装置に直列に設けられ、前記燃料電池の出力電圧を調整するスイッチング状態か、スイッチングしない直結状態に制御されるDC/DCコンバータと、
前記燃料電池の出力電力により駆動される負荷と、
を備える燃料電池システムにおいて、
前記負荷の要求電力を検出するとともに、前記燃料電池、前記ガス供給手段、及び前記DC/DCコンバータを制御する制御手段を有し、
前記制御手段は、
外気温度が閾値温度以上であるときに、前記蓄電装置の出力電圧が、前記燃料電池の前記触媒の酸化還元進行電圧範囲の下限よりも低い触媒還元安定電圧範囲内である場合には、前記DC/DCコンバータを前記直結状態に制御するとともに、前記酸素又は前記水素のストイキ比を通常の電流電圧特性が得られるストイキ比より下げた状態で、前記燃料電池に供給する前記酸素又は前記水素の濃度を増減させることで前記負荷の要求電力に基づき決定される目標発電電力に追従するように前記ガス供給手段を制御する
ことを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムを搭載した燃料電池車両。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011135905A JP5456723B2 (ja) | 2011-06-20 | 2011-06-20 | 燃料電池システム及び該システム搭載車両 |
CN201210191106.5A CN102842727B (zh) | 2011-06-20 | 2012-06-11 | 燃料电池系统及搭载了该系统的车辆 |
US13/493,360 US8795861B2 (en) | 2011-06-20 | 2012-06-11 | Fuel cell system and vehicle equipped with the same |
DE201210210350 DE102012210350A1 (de) | 2011-06-20 | 2012-06-20 | Brennstoffzellensystem und Fahrzeug ausgestattet mit demselben |
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JP2011135905A JP5456723B2 (ja) | 2011-06-20 | 2011-06-20 | 燃料電池システム及び該システム搭載車両 |
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JP2013004388A JP2013004388A (ja) | 2013-01-07 |
JP5456723B2 true JP5456723B2 (ja) | 2014-04-02 |
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US (1) | US8795861B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5456723B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102842727B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102012210350A1 (ja) |
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JP3911435B2 (ja) | 2002-04-11 | 2007-05-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電源システムおよびその制御方法 |
DE10223117B4 (de) | 2002-05-24 | 2014-04-30 | Nucellsys Gmbh | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Steuerung der Energieversorgung eines elektrischen Antriebs mit einem hybriden Energieversorgungssystem in einem Fahrzeug |
DE112004001132D2 (de) | 2003-07-01 | 2006-03-02 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | Regelung von Brennstoffzellen |
JP4397739B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-03 | 2010-01-13 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池車両の電圧状態設定方法 |
DE102005002506A1 (de) | 2005-01-19 | 2006-07-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Energieversorgungssystem |
JP4947481B2 (ja) | 2005-06-21 | 2012-06-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP4946028B2 (ja) | 2005-12-13 | 2012-06-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及び移動体 |
JP5007665B2 (ja) | 2007-02-05 | 2012-08-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP4821662B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-12 | 2011-11-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP5370956B2 (ja) | 2007-03-23 | 2013-12-18 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池電源装置 |
JP5238191B2 (ja) | 2007-06-01 | 2013-07-17 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP4699489B2 (ja) | 2007-06-12 | 2011-06-08 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
JP4461398B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-19 | 2010-05-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
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