JP5006802B2 - 上皮由来の癌診断および予後診断のためのバイオマーカーとしてのCyr61 - Google Patents
上皮由来の癌診断および予後診断のためのバイオマーカーとしてのCyr61Info
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- JP5006802B2 JP5006802B2 JP2007556362A JP2007556362A JP5006802B2 JP 5006802 B2 JP5006802 B2 JP 5006802B2 JP 2007556362 A JP2007556362 A JP 2007556362A JP 2007556362 A JP2007556362 A JP 2007556362A JP 5006802 B2 JP5006802 B2 JP 5006802B2
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Description
本発明は、患者から得られた尿サンプルにおいてCyr61のレベルを評価することにより、上皮由来の癌を診断および予後診断するための方法に関する。
癌の生存率における最も重要なファクターの一つは、早い段階での検出である。癌の初期事象を検出する臨床分析は、癌の進行を干渉および阻止する機会を提供する。遺伝子プロファイリングおよびプロテオミクスの発展に伴い、特定の癌を診断および予後診断するために使用することができる分子マーカーまたは「バイオマーカー」の同定がかなり進んできている。例えば、前立腺癌の場合には、抗原PSA(前立腺特異抗原)が血液中において検出され得、そして、前立腺癌が存在することを示している。従って、前立腺癌のリスクを負った男性の血液は、PSAレベルの上昇により、迅速に、容易に、且つ安全にスクリーニングすることができる。
本発明は、卵巣癌および乳癌を有する患者の尿中にCyr61タンパク質が存在し、このような癌の悪性形態を有する患者においてCyr61タンパク質のレベルがより高い、という発見に基づくものである。従って、本発明は、上皮由来の癌(例えば乳癌、結腸癌、前立腺癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、膵臓癌、卵巣癌、子宮頸癌、肺癌および皮膚癌など)の予後評価のための方法、および上皮由来の癌の診断を容易化するための方法を対象とする。治療効力についてのマーカーとしてのCyr61もまた、開示される。
本発明者らは、患者の尿サンプルに存在するCyr61のレベルが上皮由来の癌の存在または不在と相関関係があることを発見した。
Cyr61のレベルは、当業者にとって公知のあらゆる手段により測定されてよい。本発明においては、一般的に、抗体または抗体同等物を用いてCyr61レベルを検出することが好適である。しかし、検出のための他の方法を使用することもできる。例えば、Cyr61レベルは、質量分析によってモニタリングされ得る。
「ラジオイムノアッセイ」は、標識された(例えば放射活性物質で標識された)形態の抗原を用いて抗原の濃度を検出および測定するための技術である。抗原に対する放射活性標識の例は、3H、14Cおよび125Iを含む。生物学的サンプルにおける抗原Cyr61の濃度は、生物学的サンプルにおける抗原を、その抗原に対する抗体への結合に関して、標識(例えば放射活性標識)抗原と競合させることにより測定される。標識抗原と非標識抗原との間の競合結合を確実化するため、標識抗原は、抗体の結合部位を飽和させるのに充分な濃度で存在する。サンプル中の抗原の濃度が高いほど、抗体に結合する標識抗原の濃度は低くなる。
更に、Cyr61は、質量分析法を用いて検出されてよく、例えばMALDI/TOF(飛行時間計測式(time−of−flight))、SELDI/TOF、液体クロマトグラフィー−質量分析法(LC−MS)、ガスクロマトグラフィー−質量分析法(GC−MS)、高速液体クロマトグラフィー−質量分析法(HPLC−MS)、キャピラリー電気泳動−質量分析法、核磁気共鳴分光分析法またはタンデム質量分析法(例えば、MS/MS、MS/MS/MS、ESI−MS/MSなど)を用いて検出することができる。例えば、米国特許出願第20030199001号、第20030134304号、第20030077616号を参照のこと(これらの特許文献は、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる)。
本発明において使用するための抗体は商業的なソースから入手することができる。代替的に、Cyr61またはバイオマーカーポリペプチドの一部に対する抗体を惹起することもできる。
本発明は、上皮由来の癌の検出および予後診断的な評価を行うための商業的なキットも対象としている。このキットは、当業者に広く知られているどのような構成であってもよく、また、Cyr61を検出するための本明細書で説明されている一つまたはそれ以上の方法を実施するのに有用などのような構成であってもよい。キットは、すべてではないにしても、尿サンプルに存在するCyr61を検出するためのアッセイを実施する上で絶対に必要な試薬のうちの多くを提供している点で都合がよい。更に、このアッセイは、好適には、予め定められた量のCyr61タンパク質の、キットに含まれている一つの標準サンプルまたは複数の標準サンプルと同時に実施され、従って、試験の結果を定量化することができ、または試験結果の正当性を確認することができる。
本発明者らは、Cyr61タンパク質が、卵巣癌についてのバイオマーカーとして寄与することを同定した。特に、本発明者らは、良性および悪性の卵巣癌を有する患者由来の尿サンプルにおけるCyr61のレベルが、癌を有さない患者由来の対照尿サンプルと比較して上昇していることを示す(図1aおよび図1b)。図1aは、卵巣癌のイムノブロット検出を示す;対照レーン、対照サンプル;良性レーン、良性癌を有する患者由来の尿;悪性レーン、悪性癌を有する患者由来の尿。図1bは、卵巣癌患者由来の尿中のCyr61免疫反応性タンパク質を検出するイムノブロットの棒グラフ定量を示す(各段階について、n=12)。
黄体の形成および退化は、それぞれ劇的な血管形成プロセスおよび血管退行プロセスを伴う。この内分泌腺は、したがって、脈管形成をオンおよびオフにする分子機構を説明するための研究モデルとして有用である。本研究において、本発明者らは、6日目および10日目の黄体の退行を誘導するためにPGF2αを使用した。黄体組織を、PGF2α投与の30分間後に収集した。遺伝子マイクロアレイ分析は、Cyr61(脈管形成誘導因子)は、PGFα2注射後6日目および10日目の両CLにおいて、差次的に発現された。半定量的RT−PCRは、この遺伝子が、初期CLにおいて、中間期段階および後期段階よりも有意に高い(p<0.01)レベルで発現されたことを示した。さらに、Cyr61発現は、黄体退行の間に減少した。免疫組織化学は、Cyr61タンパク質が、黄体上皮細胞および黄体ステロイドジェニック細胞(luteal steroidogenic cell)の両方に局在することを明らかにした。Cyr61の調節を研究するために、黄体ステロイドジェニック細胞および黄体上皮細胞を、CLの中間期から単離し、そしてPGF2αおよびTNFαで処理した。PGF2αは、黄体ステロイドジェニック細胞および黄体上皮細胞の両方においてCyr61発現に影響を及ぼさなかったが、TNFαは、黄体上皮細胞においてCyr61発現を刺激したが黄体ステロイドジェニック細胞においてその転写レベルを低下させた。結論として、初期CLにおけるCyr61の高い発現は、この遺伝子が、黄体脈管形成に関連し得ることを示唆する。退行中のCLにおけるCyr61の低下したレベルは、この遺伝子の下方調節が、黄体退行のチェックポイントであり得ることを示す。さらに、TNFαは、Cyr61発現を、黄体上皮細胞および黄体ステロイドジェニック細胞において差次的に調節する。したがって、このデータは、Cyr61が、脈管形成スイッチの主要な調節因子であり、黄体の生活環の間に脈管形成を「オン」および「オフ」にすることを示唆する。
攻撃的な癌の発症におけるCyr61の潜在的な役割を評価するために、本発明者らは、Cyr61を過剰発現する安定的なOV5(卵巣細胞)細胞株(OV5−Cyr61)を調製した。本発明者らは、上皮間葉遷移(EMT)および移動/侵襲に関与することが知られている多くの分子が、Cyr61によって調節されることを見出した。RT−PCRおよびCyr61を過剰発現する細胞株を用いて、本発明者らは、Cyr61の上方調節が、ステロイド受容体、インテグリン受容体、VEGFおよびメタロプロテアーゼの発現を変えることを見出した(データは示さず)。例えば、ステロイド受容体ERα発現が上方調節され、一方、AR発現は下方調節される;MMP−9発現(RT−PCR)および活性(ザイモグラムによる)、ならびにMMP−1、MMP−8、MMP−3、MMP−23、MMP−19の発現は上方調節され、一方、MMP−13,MMP−10およびMT1−MMPの発現に影響を及ぼさないようである;MMP−7発現は下方調節される;β6インテグリン、β3インテグリン、α6インテグリンおよびαVインテグリンの発現は、上方調節される;そしてVEGF−AおよびVEGF−Cは、これらの細胞株において上方調節される。
以上および以下に引用されている参考文献は、参考として本明細書中で援用される。
Claims (11)
- 被験体における上皮由来の癌の検出のための指標としてCyr61を使用する方法であって:
a. 該被験体から得られる試験尿サンプルに存在するCyr61のレベルを測定するステップ;
b. 該試験尿サンプルにおけるCyr61のレベルを対照尿サンプルに存在するCyr61のレベルと比較するステップ;
を含み、該対照サンプルにおけるCyr61のレベルに比べ、該試験サンプルにおけるより高いレベルのCyr61が上皮由来の癌を示す方法。 - 上皮由来の癌を有することが疑われる被験体、または上皮由来の癌を有する被験体において癌の進行の検出のための指標としてCyr61を使用する方法であって:
a. 第1サンプルを得るために該被験体から得られる試験尿サンプルに存在するCyr61のレベルを測定するステップ;および、
b. 工程(a)において決定された該Cyr61のレベルを、同じ被験体からより後の時点で得られた尿サンプルに存在するCyr61のレベルと比較するステップ;
を含み、ここで、該より後の時点の該同じ患者から得られた尿サンプルにおけるより高いレベルのCyr61が癌のより攻撃的な形態への進行を示す方法。 - 前記上皮由来の癌が、乳癌、基底細胞癌、腺癌、消化管癌、口唇癌、口腔癌、食道癌、小腸癌、胃癌、結腸癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、膵臓癌、卵巣癌、子宮頸癌、肺癌、皮膚癌、前立腺癌および腎細胞癌からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜2のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記Cyr61タンパク質のレベルが、以下のステップ:
a. 前記試験サンプルまたはその調製物と、Cyr61に特異的に結合する抗体ベースの結合部分とを接触させて、抗体−Cyr61複合体を形成するステップ;および
b. 該複合体の存在を検出し、これにより、存在しているCyr61のレベルを測定するステップ;
を含む方法によって測定される、請求項1〜2のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記抗体ベースの結合部分を、検出可能な標識で標識付けする、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記標識が、放射性標識、ハプテン標識、蛍光標識および酵素標識からなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体ベースの結合部分が抗体である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記抗体がモノクローナル抗体である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 尿サンプル中のCyr61を検出することによって、被験体における上皮由来の癌を検出するためのキットであって、尿サンプルを保持するための容器、およびCyr61を特異的に結合する少なくとも一つの抗体を含み、該上皮由来の癌が、乳癌、基底細胞癌、腺癌、消化管癌、口唇癌、口腔癌、食道癌、小腸癌、胃癌、結腸癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、膵臓癌、卵巣癌、子宮頸癌、肺癌、皮膚癌および腎細胞癌からなる群から選択されるキット。
- 前記キットが、Cyr61に特異的に結合する二つの抗体を含み、一方の抗体が固相に固定化されており、他方の抗体が検出可能に標識されている、請求項9に記載のキット。
- 更に、使用説明書を含む、請求項9に記載のキット。
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