JP4837892B2 - 粉末バッチを製造する方法 - Google Patents
粉末バッチを製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4837892B2 JP4837892B2 JP2003539647A JP2003539647A JP4837892B2 JP 4837892 B2 JP4837892 B2 JP 4837892B2 JP 2003539647 A JP2003539647 A JP 2003539647A JP 2003539647 A JP2003539647 A JP 2003539647A JP 4837892 B2 JP4837892 B2 JP 4837892B2
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Description
最近数年間において、ヒトにおける様々な病態を処置するために、或る薬物が、経口吸入(肺送達)用薬物分散体を形成するのに適した組成物にて販売されてきた。かかる肺への薬物の送達用組成物は、薬物分散体内の活性薬物が肺に達し得るように、患者による薬物分散体の吸入により送達されるよう設計される。肺に送達された或る薬物は、肺胞領域を通じて直接的に血液循環中に容易に吸収される、ということが分かっている。肺送達は、他の投与経路によって送達することが困難である活性剤(タンパク質、ポリペプチド、高分子量ポリサッカライドおよび核酸)の送達のために格別有望である。かかる肺送達は、全身性送達および肺の病気を処置すべき局所送達の両方について有効であり得る。
従って、本発明の具体的態様は、商業的プラント規模における噴霧乾燥に適した分散条件下で液体を噴霧化する方法および装置を提供する。一つの具体的態様において、気体補助式液体噴霧器は、噴霧乾燥機との連結のために適合された構造本体および複数個の噴霧ノズルを含む。噴霧ノズルの各々は、液体を分散するように適合された液体用ノズルおよび気体を分散するように適合された気体用ノズルを含む。一つの具体的態様において、気体用ノズルは液体用ノズルと共軸にあり、そして液体用ノズルの周りに置かれる。
本発明の本質および利点の更なる理解が、本明細書の残りの部分および図面(同様な参照数字が、数枚の図面の全体を通じて、同様な部品を指すために用いられている)を参照することにより実現され得る。いくつかの場合において、多数の同様な部品の一つを表示するために、副標示が、参照数字と結合されかつハイフンの後にある。存在する副標示への特定なしに参照数字への言及が成されている場合、それはすべてのかかる多数の同様な部品に言及するよう意図されている。
1.序論
本発明の具体的態様は、乾燥粉末の商業規模製造に適した方法および装置に関する。特に、具体的態様は、様々な治療および臨床目的のための患者への肺送達に格別適しているところの活性剤の超微粉状乾燥粉末の製造に適している。本発明の一つの側面は、予定目的のための粉末の利用性を高める粉末特性の制御に関する。
さて図1を参照すると、活性剤の分散性乾燥粉末を製造する噴霧乾燥法は、液体媒質の液滴を生成させる噴霧化操作10を含み、しかして該液滴は引き続いて乾燥操作20において乾燥される。乾燥操作20は、単一乾燥室または多段操作であり得る。液滴の乾燥は、乾燥粉末組成物を形成する離散粒子の形成をもたらすことになり、しかして該離散粒子は次いで分離操作30において収集される。これらの単位操作の各々は、以下に一層詳細に記載される。
実験室およびパイロットプラント規模の噴霧乾燥機でもって、用いられる比較的低い液体処理量に対して、液滴サイズおよび液滴サイズ分布の両方についての所望噴霧器性能を達成することが可能である。商業的プラント規模にスケールアップする際に、この性能は、マルチノズル噴霧器を用いることにより、本発明の具体的態様に従って維持され得る。一つのかかる具体的態様がマルチノズル音速気体補助式液体噴霧器について図3に図示されているけれども、回転および超音速噴霧器のような他のタイプの噴霧器もまた、マルチノズル配置を用いるように適合され得る。図3は個々の部品を示す分解組立図を与え、そして図4は個々のノズルの動作の概略図を示す。下記の論考は、一般に、構造を記述する際に両方の図面に言及する。
本発明の一つの側面による配合能力を調べた。ナイロ(Niro)(Mobile Minor)噴霧乾燥機と共に本発明の噴霧器を用いて、2種の水溶液をおおよそ等しい割合にて噴霧乾燥した。これらの2種の溶液は、1)1%総固体分濃度における1:1の比率の一塩基性リン酸ナトリウムとロイシンおよび2)1%総固体分濃度における1:1の比率の二塩基性リン酸ナトリウムとロイシンから成っていた。このリン酸塩緩衝剤系は、その良好なpH安定性および周知のpH対混合物比の関係のために選択された。これらの溶液を噴霧器回路に送り出すために2台の蠕動ポンプを用意し、しかして一つのポンプは3つの回路(3個のノズル)に送り込みそして第2のポンプは残りの二つの回路(ノズル)に送り込む。
噴霧乾燥機運転条件
溶液1(NaH2PO4−ロイシン)供給量: 30.1ml/分(3個のノズル)
溶液2(NaHPO4−ロイシン)供給量: 28.5ml/分(2個のノズル)
噴霧器の気体の圧力および流量: 40psig(275.8kPag),
30.5SCFM
(SCFM=0.582*psig(4.013kPag)+7.239)
溶液1 空気対液体の比率(質量): 20.7
溶液2 空気対液体の比率(質量): 14.5
総乾燥機流量: 104SCFM
乾燥機入口温度: 190℃
乾燥機出口温度: 73℃
サイクロン排気温度: 64℃
運転時間: 80分
粉末床pHのサンプリングデータ
箇所対箇所のpH統計値
ラフィノース溶液、別々のノズルから供給されるラフィノース溶液およびロイシン溶液、並びにラフィノース/ロイシン混合物の様々な供給物を用いて、3つの噴霧乾燥実験を遂行した。これらの3つの実験は、下記に更に記載される。
噴霧乾燥実験番号87−1
溶液1: ラフィノース
固体分含有率(重量パーセント): 10%
ノズルの数: 2
総流量: 30ml/分(ノズル当たり15ml/分)
溶液2: 水
固体分含有率(重量パーセント): 該当せず
ノズルの数: 3
総流量: 30ml/分(ノズル当たり10ml/分)
乾燥機の初期状態: 清浄
噴霧器圧: 40psig(275.8kPag)
総乾燥機流量: 110SCFM
乾燥機入口温度: 195℃
乾燥機出口温度: 75.4〜75.7℃
空の収集器重量: 227.2g
運転時間: 15.25分
運転後の収集器重量: 268.8g
収集粉末: 41.6g
噴霧乾燥粉末: 45.8g
収率: 91%
溶液1: ラフィノース/ロイシン
固体分含有率(重量パーセント): 5.5%(おおよそ91%のラフィノース、おおよそ9%のロイシン)
ノズルの数: 2
総流量: 30ml/分(ノズル当たり15ml/分)
溶液2: 水
固体分含有率(重量パーセント): 該当せず
ノズルの数: 3
総流量: 30ml/分(ノズル当たり10ml/分)
乾燥機の初期状態: 清浄
噴霧器圧: 40psig(275.8kPag)
総乾燥機流量: 110SCFM
乾燥機入口温度: 195℃
乾燥機出口温度: 75.2〜75.6℃
空の収集器重量: 226.3g
運転時間: 30.00分
運転後の収集器重量: 259.5g
収集粉末: 33.2g
噴霧乾燥粉末: 49.5g
収率: 67%
溶液1: ラフィノース
固体分含有率(重量パーセント): 10%
ノズルの数: 2
総流量: 30ml/分(ノズル当たり15ml/分)
溶液2: ロイシン
固体分含有率(重量パーセント): 1%
ノズルの数: 3
総流量: 30ml/分(ノズル当たり10ml/分)
乾燥機の初期状態: 清浄
噴霧器圧: 40psig(275.8kPag)
総乾燥機流量: 110SCFM
乾燥機入口温度: 195℃
乾燥機出口温度: 74.7〜75.4℃
空の収集器重量: 226.1g
運転時間: 25.5分
運転後の収集器重量: 298.2g
収集粉末: 72.1g
噴霧乾燥粉末: 84.2g
収率: 86%
周囲温度において3%RH(相対湿度)未満のグローブボックス中で、収集器を開き、そして噴霧乾燥粉末を底部が4″平方の秤量皿中に連続した「S」形に注いだ。ラフィノース/ロイシン配合物について、粉末サンプルの平面における9つの均等間隔の想像点を、サンプリング箇所として選択した。小さいスパチュラを用いて、各箇所からの粉末おおよそ5mgを、予備秤量された空の15ml遠心管中に分与した。検定における工程の再現性の尺度として、5つのサンプルをサンプル配置の中心点から収集した。サンプルが秤量皿の四隅の各々からのみ収集されたこと以外は同様な手順を、単一溶液から噴霧乾燥されたラフィノース/ロイシン粉末について遂行した。
粉末の各ロットの湿分含有率を決定するための実験について、粉末おおよそ10mgを秤量皿の四隅の各々からサンプリングし、そして次いで一緒にして単一サンプルにした。次いで、この複合サンプルを、ロイシン含有率の決定についてのサンプルと同じ条件(時間、温度、RH)下で貯蔵した。暴露に続いて、熱重量分析(TGA)による湿分含有率の決定のために、サンプルを三反復にて作製した。各粉末サンプルの加熱質量減量を測定するために、TA InstrumentsのHi-Res TGA 2950を用いた。各粉末約8から12mgを小さいアルミニウムパン中に充填し、そして次いで該パンを密閉した。各TGA実験の直前に、該パンの蓋に孔をあけた。この技法を用いて、高められた温度における加熱質量減量から、水含有率が決定される。用いられた温度がラフィノースまたはロイシンのどちらの揮発ももたらすことにならないことを確実にするために、以前に開発された方法を用いた。
粉末の各々におけるロイシン分を定量するために、ディオネックス(Dionex)液体クロマトグラフィーシステムを用いた。移動相A(200mM水酸化ナトリウム)と移動相B(「Milli-Q」水)の50:50混合物から成る移動相を用いて、4mmガードカラムに取り付けられたCarboPac PA10分析用4mmカラムを通じて、ロイシンをイソクラティック溶離した。1mL/分の流量にて、ロイシンは13分の走行時間内に溶離された。既知濃度のロイシン溶液を作製することにより、積分ピーク面積対濃度の検量線を、0.05mMと0.6mM(ミリモル/リットル)の間の濃度について作成した。
先に測定された(同じ日に)検量線を用いて、2回の注入からの平均積分ピーク面積に基づいて各再水和サンプルのロイシン濃度を決定した。次いで、原粉末サンプル中のロイシンの質量を、次の式により算出した。すなわち、
mgラフィノース=mg粉末−mgロイシン−mgH2O [3]
ラフィノース/ロイシン配合物の配合均一性が、図8に表されている。図9は、実験87−1、88−2および89−4において製造された粉末についての放出投与量データを表す。
Claims (8)
- 粉末バッチを製造する方法であって、
液体媒質中の活性剤を含有する供給原料を用意し、
ハウジングと、そのハウジングにより支持された複数の噴霧ノズルとを含むマルチノズル噴霧器を用意し、ここで、前記複数の噴霧ノズルの各々が液体用ノズルと気体用ノズルを含んでおり、各気体用ノズルは、前記液体用ノズルの一つを取り囲むカップとして共軸に配置されており、また、前記各噴霧ノズルは、マルチノズル噴霧器である構造本体の中心線に関して10°と40°の間の傾斜角度を有して配置されており、前記気体流は、共通の溜めから前記気体用ノズルの各々に流れ、
前記供給原料を前記マルチノズル噴霧器から噴霧化して液滴噴霧を生成させ、ここで、前記供給原料中の総溶存または懸濁固体分含有率が、0.5〜10重量%であり、しかも該供給原料は単一源から、また、前記ハウジングを通して、前記噴霧ノズルの各々の中の前記液体用のノズルに供給し、
該液滴噴霧を加熱気体流中に流して、前記供給原料の該液体媒質を蒸発させて、前記活性剤を含有する乾燥微粒子の粉末バッチを生成させ、しかもこの乾燥微粒子は、20ミクロン未満の平均粒子サイズを有している、
ことを含む方法。 - さらに、前記マルチノズル噴霧器の中心線に沿った軸を有する噴霧ノズルを有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記供給原料処理量が、少なくとも500ml/分である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記粉末バッチが、肺投与用超微粉状乾燥粉末を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥粒子が、10ミクロン未満の平均粒子サイズよりなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥粒子が、2.0より大きいシワ度よりなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥粒子が、平滑な表面を有する微粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 供給原料が、少なくとも1種の賦形剤を更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
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US60/336,538 | 2001-11-01 | ||
PCT/US2002/034909 WO2003037303A1 (en) | 2001-11-01 | 2002-10-31 | Spray drying methods and compositions thereof |
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JP2005511555A5 JP2005511555A5 (ja) | 2006-01-05 |
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US (2) | US8524279B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1446104B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4837892B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100951750B1 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE401058T1 (ja) |
AU (2) | AU2002342241B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2464656C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60227691D1 (ja) |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US8936813B2 (en) | 2015-01-20 |
AU2009202578A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
TW200300696A (en) | 2003-06-16 |
EP1446104B1 (en) | 2008-07-16 |
AU2009202578A8 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
US20120038073A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
ATE401058T1 (de) | 2008-08-15 |
AU2002342241B2 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
EP1446104B2 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
WO2003037303A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
EP1446104A1 (en) | 2004-08-18 |
CA2464656C (en) | 2013-07-16 |
AU2009202578B2 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
JP2005511555A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
KR20050042052A (ko) | 2005-05-04 |
EP1992335A1 (en) | 2008-11-19 |
US20030124193A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
CA2464656A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
AU2009202578B8 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
KR100951750B1 (ko) | 2010-04-09 |
DE60227691D1 (de) | 2008-08-28 |
US8524279B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
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