JP4818941B2 - Fire spread prevention method and fire spread prevention device used in the method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fire spread prevention method for preventing the expansion of the outflow of combustion leaked oil at an oil leak fire site, and a fire spread prevention device used in the method.

  Oil leakage fires (fires generated by igniting oil leaked from storage facilities, etc.) are extremely fast due to their physical and scientific properties, and it is extremely difficult to extinguish them after the scale has expanded. Therefore, it is important to prevent the spread of fire by preventing the leakage of combustion leakage oil until it is ready to extinguish. Therefore, the present applicant has proposed as a Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-155067 a fire spread prevention method and a fire spread prevention device used in the method that are effective in the early stage of an oil leakage fire.

  According to this fire spread prevention method, a deformable and long cylindrical body is used to divide the disaster prevention target area from the disaster area, and to form a guiding area continuous with the disaster area, thereby generating combustion leakage oil. By guiding from the disaster area to the guidance area, it is possible to prevent the fire from spreading to the disaster prevention target area that may spread. At this time, water is oozed out from the wall surface of the cylinder that forms the guidance area that is separated from the disaster prevention target area and the disaster area, and the wall surface of the cylinder is covered with a film of the oozed water. Thus, it is possible to protect the cylinder from the heat of the flame, prevent its damage, and maintain the state and the guidance area in which the disaster prevention target area and the disaster area are separated. In addition, by storing the water that has oozed out in the disaster area and the induction area, the combustion leakage oil can be burned on the water surface to keep the oil temperature low, and the flame momentum can be suppressed. Furthermore, by keeping the water level of the accumulated water within a range that does not exceed the height of the cylinder, the combustion leakage oil does not flow over the cylinder and flow into the disaster prevention target area.

In this method for preventing the spread of fire, “leaching out” means a state in which water in the cylinder flows out through the wall surface, for example, when the wall surface is formed of cloth, the entire surface of the wall passes through the gap of the cloth fibers. It refers to the state that springs up. When the water flow in the cylinder is caused to flow out through a through hole provided in the wall, if the hole diameter is extremely small, it is not possible to secure an amount of outflow necessary to protect the cylinder from the heat of the flame. Also, if the hole diameter is such that the amount of outflow necessary to protect the cylinder is secured, the water flowing out from it will draw a parabola and accumulate at a position away from the cylinder, so again the cylinder It cannot be protected from the heat of the flame. Furthermore, when it flows out through a through-hole, the water film for protecting a cylinder from the heat of a flame and preventing the damage is not formed in the wall surface of a cylinder. Therefore, in this method for preventing the spread of fire, it is necessary to cause the water flow in the cylindrical body to flow out in a state of springing out from the entire surface of the wall, that is, to ooze out.
Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-155067

  It is assumed that the water supply source used in the conventional method for preventing the spread of fire is more frequently used only in an emergency, such as a fire hydrant. However, since the water supplied from such a water supply source contains a lot of rust, dust, etc., the gap for allowing the water to ooze out on the wall surface of the cylinder is narrowed by the dust, and the water oozing out from the wall surface. There was a risk that the amount of the amount would decrease. In addition, the wall surface of the cylindrical body cannot be sufficiently protected by the water film that oozes out the wall surface of the cylindrical body, which may cause damage to the cylindrical body due to the heat of the flame.

  Further, in the conventional fire spread prevention method, in order to ooze water constantly from the wall surface of the cylinder, it is necessary to supply a large amount of water and to appropriately treat the water oozed from the wall surface. For this reason, there is a possibility that it cannot be used in facilities with low supply capacity and wastewater treatment capacity.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a method for preventing the spread of fire and an apparatus for preventing the spread of fire to be used in the initial stage of an oil leakage fire, which can be used in facilities having low water supply capacity and wastewater treatment capacity, regardless of the quality of water supply. The purpose is to provide.

In the method for preventing the spread of fire according to the present invention, after placing a deformable and long cylindrical body formed of a heat-resistant cloth and having water resistance on the ground, the cylindrical body is filled with water and inflated. The disaster prevention target area and the disaster area are separated from each other , a guidance area continuous to the disaster area is formed, and combustion leakage oil is guided from the disaster area to the guidance area .

  In the present invention, the heat-resistant cloth is a cloth having excellent heat resistance and fire resistance, and has a water resistance that can retain water when the cylinder is formed. Or a nonwoven fabric may be sufficient. For example, it may be a cloth in which inorganic heat resistant fibers such as glass fibers are densely woven, and specifically, may be a cloth used for a fireproof sheet used for tempura pot fire extinguishing. Further, in the present invention, the water resistance only needs to be such that water can be retained inside the cylindrical body, and does not need to impregnate water at all. For example, the water resistance of the present invention is provided as long as water is oozed out slightly when the cylinder is filled with water. In addition, the water resistance of the present invention is provided as long as it does not need to be invariant to heat and, for example, starts to leak to the extent that it drops slightly when heated.

  You may make this guidance area | region continue in the retraction area | region previously formed before the disaster.

  You may arrange | position this cylinder in the state coat | covered with the deformable and long protection cylinder provided with abrasion resistance higher than this cylinder.

  According to the method for preventing the spread of fire according to the present invention, first, as in the conventional method for preventing the spread of fire, it is possible to prevent a fire from spreading to a disaster prevention target area that may spread. In other words, by dividing the disaster-prevented area from the disaster-prevented area with a deformable and long tubular body inflated with water, the spilled oil leaking into the disaster-prevented area where there is a risk of spreading fire is damped. It can prevent the fire from spreading to the area. On the other hand, since the cylinder which divides the disaster prevention target area and the disaster occurrence area is formed of a heat-resistant cloth, it is not damaged by the heat of the flame even if the wall surface is not covered with a water film. For this reason, the cylinder need only be filled with an amount of water necessary to maintain a swollen shape capable of clogging the combustion leakage oil, and a large amount of water is supplied as in the conventional fire spread prevention method. There is no need to continue. Moreover, since it is not necessary to let water ooze out from the wall surface, even if dust or the like is included in the water supply, the heat resistance of the cylinder is not affected. Therefore, it can be used in facilities with low water supply capacity and wastewater treatment capacity without depending on the quality of the water supply.

  In addition, since the usage-amount of the water with which a cylinder is filled will be decided to some extent if there is no unintended large amount of leakage etc., a water storage tank can be used as a water supply source. In that case, since it can be filled using the pressure due to the water level, there is also an advantage that it can be used even in a facility that does not have a high-pressure water supply facility.

  When the disaster area is very close to the disaster prevention area or when it is difficult to extinguish the fire in the disaster area, the disaster prevention area and the disaster area are separated from each other and a continuous induction area is formed in the disaster area to burn The leaked oil may be guided from the disaster area to the guidance area. In this case, by more safely burning in the induction area, it is possible to more reliably prevent the fire from spreading to the disaster prevention target area even in a state where active fire extinguishing cannot be performed. In addition, the induction area may be continued to a retreat area formed in advance before the disaster, and in that case, the combustion leakage oil is guided from the induction area to the retreat area so that the subsequent fire extinguishing activities can be smoothly performed. be able to. Examples of the evacuation area include a fire protection groove around a facility that handles a flammable liquid.

  When the cylinder is disposed, the cylinder may be covered with a deformable and long protective cylinder having higher wear resistance than itself. When the heat-resistant cloth-like material forming the cylindrical body is made of glass fiber, if the cylindrical body is drawn around the ground, the strength of the portion rubbed against the ground is lowered, and there is a possibility of causing leakage of the filled water. For this reason, it is necessary to pay close attention not to draw the ground in the arrangement work of the cylinder, but if the cylinder is covered with a protective cylinder having higher wear resistance, the cylinder may rub against the ground directly. Therefore, the installation work burden can be reduced. Note that the protective cylinder need only be capable of preventing the cylinder itself from rubbing against the ground in the arrangement work of the cylinder, and there is no problem even if it is damaged by the heat of the combustion leakage oil after the arrangement work of the cylinder is completed. . Therefore, the heat resistance required for the cylinder itself is unnecessary. However, it is preferable to have the same degree of softness as the cylinder and a higher tensile strength than the cylinder. When the heat-resistant cloth-like material forming the cylinder is made of glass fiber, the cylinder is soft, and when the pressure of the water to be filled is lowered, the cylinder swells and comes into close contact with the ground surface without a gap. However, if the cylinder for protection is harder than the cylinder, even if the cylinder is filled with water at a pressure assuming that the cylinder is inflated, the cylinder for protection will be prevented from expanding, There is a possibility that soot may form on the surface and form a gap allowing the leakage of combustion leakage oil to the ground surface. On the other hand, when the heat-resistant cloth-like material forming the cylinder is made of glass fiber, the tensile strength of the cylinder is not so high, and the pressure can be adjusted in the initial stage of filling the cylinder (water filling operation). If the pressure in the cylinder is temporarily increased due to insufficient pressure, the cylinder may be ruptured by the pressure. However, when the tensile strength of the protective cylinder is high, the protective cylinder can prevent excessive expansion of the cylinder and can also prevent the bursting at the initial stage of the water filling operation. Therefore, the protective cylinder preferably has the same degree of softness and high tensile strength as the cylinder. Furthermore, it is preferable that the diameter is approximately the same as the diameter of the cylinder as long as the cylinder can be covered. When the diameter of the protective cylinder is larger than the diameter of the cylinder, the surface of the protective cylinder is wrinkled even when the cylinder is inflated, and a gap allowing the leakage of combustion leakage oil to the ground surface It is because there exists a possibility of forming.

  As a form of the cylindrical body, first, a straight shape in which one end is closed and the other end can be connected to a water supply source is conceivable. However, the form is not limited as long as it can separate the disaster prevention target area and the disaster area and form a guidance area continuous to the disaster area. For example, when the area around the disaster area can be used as a guidance area, it is composed of an annular body that surrounds the disaster area and the guidance area, and a straight body that extends from the annular body, and the open end of the straight body has high pressure water. It may be freely connectable to the supply source.

The fire spread prevention device used in the fire spread prevention method according to the present invention is composed of a deformable and long cylindrical body formed of a heat-resistant cloth, so that it can be arranged on the ground in a desired shape for disaster prevention. The target area and the disaster area can be separated. In addition, if necessary, a guidance area continuous to the disaster area can be formed. And since a cylinder is equipped with water resistance, if it fills with water after arrangement | positioning operation | work is complete | finished, it can maintain the swelled shape which can dampen combustion leakage oil .

  This fire spread prevention device may have a cylindrical body that is straight and closed at one end. In that case, the tubular body can be inflated with water in a short time after the start of water supply. At this time, the closed end may be freely connected to and communicated with the end of another cylindrical body, and in that case, the length and shape can be adjusted according to the situation of the disaster site. . In addition, the edge part of the other cylinder mentioned here includes the cylinder which has higher abrasion resistance besides the edge part of the cylinder which comprises this fire spread prevention instrument. For example, when the place where this fire spread prevention device is placed is away from the water supply source, more efficient placement work using a normal fire hose with high wear resistance but low heat resistance up to the place of placement It is because it can be performed.

  When a cloth in which glass fibers are densely woven is adopted as a heat-resistant cloth, such a cloth is difficult to pass liquid water, but can pass water vapor well. It is unlikely that the body will rupture due to increased internal pressure when exposed to heat. However, when a cloth that is difficult to pass water vapor is used, the closed end is opened when the internal pressure of the cylinder exceeds a predetermined value, and is closed with a valve that discharges the water in the cylinder to the outside. In this case, when the internal pressure rises, it is possible to prevent the cylinder from being ruptured by the internal pressure. Further, in this case, the effect that the tubular body can be prevented from rupturing due to the momentum of the emergency water filling is obtained regardless of the ease of passing the water vapor through the tubular body. Furthermore, when a water supply facility capable of continuous water supply is provided for a certain amount, the shape of the cylinder can be stabilized by always maintaining an appropriate amount of water discharged from the valve. In addition, when an appropriate amount of water discharge is always maintained from the valve, the water temperature inside the cylinder always flows, so that the water temperature can be maintained at a low state to prevent an increase in internal pressure due to steam generation. Furthermore, even when a cloth that can pass water vapor well is used, the internal pressure may increase for some reason. In order to prevent the bursting of the cylinder, it is preferable that the valve is opened in the case of becoming a cylinder and is closed with a valve that discharges water in the cylinder to the outside.

  In this fire spread prevention device, the cylindrical body includes an openable / closable annular part and a straight part extending from the annular part, and the open end of the straight part is freely connectable to a high-pressure water supply source. In that case, if the annular part is opened, the placement work can be easily performed, and after the placement work is finished and water supply is started, the cylinder is inflated with water in a short time. Can do.

  A specific example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an outline of a disaster site where the method for preventing fire spread of the present invention is implemented using the fire spread prevention device of the present invention.

First, a fire spread prevention device suitable for carrying out this fire spread prevention method will be described. This fire spread prevention instrument is composed of a deformable and long cylindrical body 1 having water resistance formed of a heat resistant cloth. And the one end 1a of the cylinder 1 is obstruct | occluded. As the heat-resistant cloth, the same fabric as Firestop (product name, manufactured by Asahi Fiber Glass Co., Ltd.), which is a fireproof sheet used for tempura pot fire extinguishing, is adopted.

  According to this fire spread prevention instrument, it can arrange | position in the desired form on the ground, and can divide a disaster prevention object area | region and a disaster area. In addition, if necessary, a guidance area continuous to the disaster area can be formed. And if it fills with water after arrangement | positioning operation | work is complete | finished, the swollen shape which can dam the combustion leakage oil can be maintained.

  Moreover, the closed end 1a of the cylinder 1 can be freely connected and communicated with the end of another cylinder. In this way, the length and shape can be adjusted according to the situation of the disaster site. For example, although illustration is omitted, when the disaster area is wide or when it is necessary to form a wide guidance area, a plurality of cylinders can be connected to obtain a cylinder having a necessary and sufficient length. it can. In addition, when the place where this fire spread prevention device is placed is far from the water supply source, more efficient placement work using a normal fire hose with high wear resistance but low heat resistance up to the place of placement. It can be performed.

  The cylindrical body 1 formed of the same cloth as the firestop is difficult to pass liquid water but allows water vapor to pass therethrough, so that it is less likely to rupture due to high internal pressure exposed to heat. . However, when a cloth that does not allow the passage of water vapor is used, the closed end 1a is opened when the internal pressure of the cylinder 1 exceeds a predetermined value, and the valve that releases the water in the cylinder 1 to the outside. If the internal pressure is increased, the cylinder can be prevented from being ruptured by the internal pressure when the internal pressure increases. As such a valve, a known pressure regulating valve can be adopted.

Next, the method for preventing fire spread will be described. This specific example assumes a situation in which a facility that handles a flammable liquid has a disaster caused by one of the facilities arranged side by side at a predetermined interval.
In implementing this fire spread prevention method, first, the other end of the fire spread prevention device that is not closed is connected to the water supply source 2. Next, the cylindrical body 1 constituting the fire spread prevention device divides the disaster prevention target area 4 and the disaster area 5 and forms a guide area 7 continuous to the disaster area 5. In this specific example, the disaster-affected facility and its vicinity are the disaster area 5, the facilities on both sides of the disaster facility and the vicinity of those facilities are the disaster prevention target area 4. In addition, a fire prevention groove 11 is provided in advance at a predetermined distance from the facility where the disaster occurred, and a guidance area 7 is formed between the disaster occurrence area 5 and the fire prevention groove 11.

  Once the disaster prevention target area 4 and the disaster area 5 are separated and the guiding area 7 that is continuous with the disaster area 5 is formed, the cylindrical body 1 is filled with water and inflated, so that the disaster prevention target area may spread. The combustion leakage oil that is about to flow out to 4 can be stopped. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the fire from expanding to the disaster prevention target area 4.

  Since this facility is equipped with a water supply facility capable of continuous water supply to a certain amount, the combustion leakage oil 3 is guided by a normal water discharge operation. In this specific example, the combustion leakage oil 3 is guided by discharging water from the rear of the disaster area 5 using a normal fire hose 12 with the side in contact with the guidance area 7 of the disaster area 5 as the front. Yes.

  In this way, the disaster prevention target area 4 and the disaster area 5 are separated from each other, a guidance area 7 that is continuous to the disaster area 5 is formed, and the combustion leakage oil 3 is guided from the disaster area 5 to the guidance area 7. If it carries out, it can prevent more reliably the expansion of the fire to the disaster prevention object area | region 5 by the more safely burning in the induction | guidance | derivation area | region 7, even in the state which cannot actively extinguish.

  In this specific example, the inside of the fire prevention groove 11 formed in advance before the disaster is used as a retreat area 9, and the guide area 7 is continuous with the retreat area 9. Therefore, the combustion leakage oil 3 can be guided from the guidance area 7 to the retreat area 9 so that the subsequent fire extinguishing activity can be smoothly performed. In particular, as in this specific example, it is preferable that the retreat area is located inside the fire prevention groove because it can be converged to a linear one-dimensional fire and the subsequent fire extinguishing activities can be performed very easily.

  In this specific example, there is no water supply facility that can discharge water as in the case of the disaster occurred, and even when the operation of guiding the combustion leakage oil 3 by discharging water cannot be performed, the cylindrical body 1 is maintained in a swollen shape. As long as the fuel leakage oil 3 is about to flow out to the disaster prevention target area 4, the fire can be prevented from expanding to the disaster prevention target area 4. However, in this case, in order to reduce the influence of radiant heat on the disaster prevention target area 4, the cylindrical body 1 is preferably arranged so as to narrow the disaster area 5 at a position as far as possible from the disaster prevention target area 4.

  Next, another specific example of the fire spread prevention method and fire spread prevention device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an outline of a disaster site where the present method for preventing fire spread is implemented. In FIG. 2, the same reference numerals are given to substantially the same parts as those in the specific example shown in FIG. 1, and the description thereof is omitted or simplified.

  At the disaster site shown in FIG. 2 to which this specific example is applied, the area around the disaster facility is the disaster prevention target area 4. However, since there is a distance to an adjacent facility, the retreat area 7 has a circular shape having the maximum diameter in a range where the disaster prevention target area 4 is not affected by the flame. Thus, when the evacuation area 7 is a closed area, the cylindrical body 1 includes an openable / closable annular part 1d and a straight part 1e extending from the annular part 1d, and an opening of the straight part 1e. A device whose end is freely connectable to the high-pressure water supply source 2 can be employed. In this case, if the annular portion 1d is opened, the placement work can be easily performed. After the placement work is finished, if the annular portion 1d is closed, water can be poured into the cylinder in a short time. Filled and swollen.

  The annular portion 1d can be opened and closed by attaching and detaching a connecting tool 15 provided in the middle. For this connector 15, a known metal fitting for a fire hose may be adopted. However, if the diameter of the connector 15 is larger than the diameter of the cylinder 1, the gap between the connector 15 and the ground surface becomes large, and there is a risk of allowing combustion leakage oil to flow out from the gap. Therefore, the diameter of the connector 14 is preferably equal to the diameter of the cylinder 1. In the case where the above-described closed end 1a of the straight cylindrical body 1 can be connected to and communicated with the end of another cylindrical body, the diameter of the jig installed at the one end 1a is also a cylinder. It is preferable to be equal to the diameter of the body 1. Moreover, when the diameter of the site | part concerning connection becomes larger than the diameter of the cylinder 1, it is preferable to protect the site | part with a sandbag.

  In the specific example shown in FIG. 1 and the specific example shown in FIG. 2, when the cylinder 1 rubs against the ground when it is drawn around the ground, the strength of the rubbed portion decreases and the water is filled. There is a risk of leaking. Therefore, it is arranged in a state where the cylindrical body 1 is covered with a deformable and long protective cylindrical body 10 having higher wear resistance than the cylindrical body 1. FIG. 3 is a front view showing a part of the cylinder covered with the protective cylinder. In this case, since there is no possibility that the cylinder 1 is directly rubbed against the ground, even if the cylinder 1 is drawn around the ground, there is no possibility of causing leakage of filled water due to a decrease in strength of the rubbed portion.

  As the protective cylinder 10, a long cylindrical body formed of a synthetic resin sheet generally called a blue sheet is employed. Further, the diameter thereof is approximately the same as the diameter of the cylindrical body 1 as long as the cylindrical body 1 can be covered. Therefore, it can be arranged without generating soot, and even when the cylindrical body 1 is in a swelled state, there is no soot on the surface, and a gap that allows the outflow of combustion leakage oil to the ground surface It is possible to prevent being able to. Furthermore, the bursting of the cylindrical body 1 in the initial stage of the water filling operation can be prevented.

  Since the pressure of the water filled in the cylinder 1 is also low, the cylinder 1 is deformed when arranged in a twisted state, and can generate a lot of gaps allowing the leakage of combustion leakage oil between the cylinder 1 and the ground surface. There is sex. Therefore, at the time of the arrangement, an arrangement instrument that opens the cylindrical body 1 in a wound state to be removed from the wound state is used so that twisting does not occur. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an overview of the placement device.

  In using this arrangement tool, first, one end of the cylindrical body 1 is connected to one end of a water supply source 2 or a water supply hose connected to the water supply source 2. And the operator should just move along the position which wants to arrange | position the cylinder 1, hold | gripping the handle | steering-wheel part 21 of the arrangement | positioning instrument, and maintaining the state suspended in the side part of the operator's body. Then, the wound cylindrical body 1 rotates around the shaft portion 22 in a direction to release the winding state of the cylindrical body 1, and the cylindrical body 1 released from the winding state is disposed at a desired position. Will be.

  The cylindrical body 1 may be mounted on the shaft portion 22 as it is as it is wound from the downstream side to the upstream side in the same manner as a single fire hose wound from the state of being stretched on the ground. If the connector 15 and the pressure regulating valve are attached to the downstream end of the cylindrical body 1, a gap is formed in the center of the wound state, so that the shaft portion 22 can be inserted into the gap. it can. Only one end 22a of the shaft portion 22 is fixed to a support column portion 24 extending vertically from the handle portion 21, and the other end 22b can be bent in a bowl shape. In this case, if the shaft part 22 is made straight, the rolled cylindrical body 1 can be easily attached and detached, and if the shaft part 22 is bent in a bowl shape, the cylindrical body 1 is prevented from falling off during use. it can.

It is a top view which shows the outline of the disaster site where the fire spread prevention method of this invention was implemented using the fire spread prevention instrument of this invention. It is a top view which shows the outline of the disaster site where the other specific example of the fire spreader instrument concerning this invention was implemented. It is a top view which shows a part of cylinder in the state covered with the cylinder for protection. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the instrument for arrangement | positioning.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cylindrical body 1a One end 1d Annular part 1e Directly upper part 2 High pressure water supply source 3 Combustion leaking oil 4 Disaster prevention area 5 Disaster area 7 Guiding area 9 Retraction area 10 Protection cylinder 11 Fire groove 12 Fire hose 15 Connecting tool 21 Handle Part 22 shaft part 22a one end 22b other end 24 support part

Claims (3)

After placing the deformable and long tubular body (1) formed of a heat-resistant cloth and having water resistance on the ground, the tubular body (1) is filled with water and inflated, and the area targeted for disaster prevention (4) is separated from the disaster area (5), and a guidance area (7) is formed continuously to the disaster area (5), and combustion leakage oil (3) is guided from the disaster area (5) to the guidance area (5). A method for preventing the spread of fire, which is guided to the region (7) . The method for preventing the spread of fire according to claim 1 , wherein the guiding area (7) is continued to a retreat area (9) formed in advance before the disaster. The fire spread according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the cylindrical body (1) is disposed in a state of being covered with a deformable and long protective cylindrical body (10) having higher wear resistance than the cylindrical body (1). Prevention method.

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