JP4810434B2 - サンプルの高速採取および分析装置、ならびに使用方法 - Google Patents
サンプルの高速採取および分析装置、ならびに使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4810434B2 JP4810434B2 JP2006540011A JP2006540011A JP4810434B2 JP 4810434 B2 JP4810434 B2 JP 4810434B2 JP 2006540011 A JP2006540011 A JP 2006540011A JP 2006540011 A JP2006540011 A JP 2006540011A JP 4810434 B2 JP4810434 B2 JP 4810434B2
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Description
本発明は、流体サンプル中の検体を検出するため、および確認検査用としてサンプルの一部を保存するための検査装置を提供する。図1から図6は、本発明の装置100の一実施形態を示しており、この装置は、射出成形による上部210および基部215を有するケーシング110を備える。ケーシングは、検査区画360を有しており、検査区画360内に、本発明の検定を実行するための検査素子が位置している。さらに、ポート120が設けられており、ポート120内に、サンプル採取ウエル130が位置している。一実施形態において、サンプル採取ウエルが、プランジャ240と、確認サンプルを保存するための上部室320と、圧搾プレートに対する圧搾または圧迫によってサンプルアプリケータからサンプルを絞るための圧搾プレート230と、脆弱な材料270によって封止され、開かれたときにサンプル採取ウエルと検査区画との間に液体連絡をもたらすサンプル出口350とを有している。他の実施形態において、これら構成要素が、サンプル採取ウエル内には存在しなくてもよい。図4から図6に示した実施形態において、圧搾プレートが、上部室を下部室から分割しており、液体サンプルが上部室から下部室へと流れるよう、開口520を有している。さらに、プランジャが、上方位置および下方位置の両方を有している。プランジャが上方位置にあるとき、下部室330が、サンプル採取ウエル内に存在する(図3および図4を参照)。プランジャが下方位置にあるとき、下部室はもはや存在しない(図5および図6を参照)。換言すると、プランジャが下方位置へと移動するとき、結果として空間がプランジャによって占められることになるため、下部室が消滅する。
サンプルアプリケータを、本発明の装置に供給することができる。一実施形態において、サンプルアプリケータが、吸収部材140およびハンドル144を有している。吸収部材は、当技術分野において一般に使用されている、医療用品質のスポンジまたは発泡材料で製作できる。しかしながら、綿または紙、あるいは適当な吸収能力を有する任意の材料など、他の多くの材料が、吸収部材として使用するために利用可能である。ハンドルは、吸収部材の操作を容易にするため、おおむね剛体である。ハンドルは、プラスチック、木材、金属、またはボール紙など、当技術分野において一般的に使用されている任意の材料で製作することができる。一実施形態において、ハンドルがリム142(図1)を有しており、このリムに吸収部材が取り付けられている。いくつかの実施形態において、吸収部材が、被験体の唾液の分泌を促進する材料に浸され、あるいはそのような材料で前処理されている。
さまざまな検査素子を、本発明に取り入れることができる。検査素子の一種類が、試験ストリップである。検体試験ストリップが、乱用薬物または健康状態を示唆する代謝産物など、サンプル内の対象の検体を検出するため、免疫学的検定または化学的検査の形式など、種々の形式で提供される検査素子である。さらに、試験ストリップを、非競合的検定または競合的検定の形式で提供することができる。いくつかの形式において、試験ストリップが、サンプル適用領域、試薬領域、および検査結果領域を有する吸収性材料である。サンプルが、サンプル適用領域へと加えられ、毛管作用によって試薬領域へと流れる。試薬領域において、サンプルが、検体(サンプル中に存在するならば)の検出に必要な試薬に溶解して、混ざりあう。今や試薬を担持しているサンプルが、続いて検査結果領域へと流れる。検体についての特定の結合分子など、さらなる試薬が、検査結果領域に固定されている。これらの試薬は、検体(存在するならば)あるいは試薬領域からの第1の試薬の1つと反応および結合する。検出可能な信号を形成するためのラベルを、試薬領域または別個のラベル領域に存在させることができる。
以下の検討は、例に示されている実施形態に関する。当然ながら、本発明の技術的範囲から逸脱することなく、他の実施形態も可能である。本発明の方法において、サンプルを装置へと加える段階が、例えばサンプルアプリケータを被験体の口内に挿入し、あるいは流体サンプルの容器に浸漬させることによって、サンプルアプリケータを流体サンプルに接触させることを含む。満たされ、あるいは十分に湿らされたアプリケータ144を、サンプル採取ウエル130へと挿入することができ、アプリケータを圧搾プレート230に対して押し付け、あるいは圧迫して、流体サンプルをサンプル採取ウエルへと絞ることができる(図4を参照)。絞られた流体サンプルは、圧搾プレートの開口を通過し、あるいはプランジャ240の側方に存在する空間430を通過して、サンプル採取ウエルの下部室へと流入する(図3)。このようにして、流体の一部が、上部室からプランジャの縁を巡って、下部室330へと流入する。
本発明の検査キットは、顧客の必要性に応じてさまざまな形式に梱包することが可能である。例えば、多数の雇用前薬物検査を実施する機関は、1組の指示と真空パックされた20組の装置およびアプリケータの箱詰めを好むかもしれない。他方で、他のユーザは、1つの装置、1つのサンプル採取器、および1組の指示のみを含む箱詰めキットを好むかもしれない。任意の適切な梱包材料を使用することができる。検査キットを、箱に梱包することができ、あるいはセロハンなどの保護材料で包むことができる。さらに、検査キットは、封止された同じまたは別個の小袋にて提供される検査装置(およびアプリケータ)を備えることができ、そのような小袋が、さらに箱または他の梱包にて提供されてもよく、また提供されなくてもよい。
本発明の装置は、さまざまな状況において使用可能である。この例は、雇用前薬物検査における装置の使用を説明する。検査対象となる者は、サンプルアプリケータを自身の口内に配置し、約5分間にわたって口内に保つことによって唾液のサンプルを提供する。雇用前薬物検査のための実施形態において、装置は、この実施形態においてコカイン、メタンフェタミン、フェンシクリジン、THC、モルヒネ、およびアンフェタミンである、いくつかの一般的な乱用薬物のための試験ストリップを収容している。装置は、試験ストリップを競合的な免疫学的検定の形式で使用し、検査対象の各薬物についてのラベル付けされた特定の結合分子(この実施形態において、金ゾルでラベル付けされた抗体)が、試験ストリップのラベル領域に存在している。検査線が、検査対象の抗原を含む。サンプル中に検体が存在する場合、ラベル領域においてラベル付けされた特定の結合分子が検体と結合するため、ラベル付けされた抗体が検査線と結合することがない。したがって、検体が存在する場合には、検査線に信号が生じることがない。対照的に、サンプル中に抗原が存在しない場合には、ラベル付けされた抗体が検査線に結合し、検査線上に信号をもたらす。
Claims (32)
- 流体サンプルにおいて存在が疑われる検体を検出するための検査装置であって、
サンプル採取ウエルのためのポートを備えるケーシングと、
ポート内に位置しており、圧搾プレートと、上方位置および下方位置を有するプランジャとを備える、サンプル採取ウエルと、
確認サンプルを保存するための室と、
少なくとも1つの検査素子を収容している検査区画と、
ランスによって貫かれることができる材料によって封止されたサンプル出口と、
前記材料を貫くためのランスと、
サンプル採取ウエルのためのキャップとを有し、
キャップがサンプル採取ウエルに装着されたとき、キャップの一部分が、プランジャと相互作用してプランジャを上方位置から下方位置へと移動させ、ランスにより前記材料を破らせ、サンプル採取ウエルと検査区画との間に液体連絡をもたらす、装置。 - プランジャおよび圧搾プレートが、サンプル採取ウエル内に備えられ、さらにサンプル採取ウエルが、プランジャが上方位置にあるときに下部室を備えるとともに、確認サンプルが保存される上部室を備え、ランスが、プランジャに担持されている、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 圧搾プレートが、上部室を下部室から分離するとともに、液体サンプルを上部室から下部室へと流すための開口を備える、請求項1に記載の検査装置。
- ランスが下方へと突き出しており、前記材料を破るべく出口に垂直に整列している、請求項1に記載の装置。
- サンプル採取ウエルおよびキャップが、相補的な係合するねじ山をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の装置。
- キャップが、下向きの突起を備え、該下向きの突起は、キャップがサンプル採取ウエルへと装着されたときに、プランジャと相互作用する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 圧搾プレートが、プランジャと相互作用すべく突起が通過する開口を備える、請求項6に記載の装置。
- プランジャが下方位置にあるとき、下部室が存在しない、請求項2に記載の装置。
- ランスによって貫かれることができる材料が、紙、ろうでコートした紙、プラスチックでコートした紙、プラスチックフィルム、プラスチック製の薄いシート、粘着テープ、箔、ろうを塗った箔、およびプラスチックでコートされた箔からなるグループから選択される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 検査素子が試験ストリップである、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 試験ストリップが、試験ストリップ上に固定された特定の結合分子を含む、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 試験ストリップが、化学的試験をさらに含む、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 流体サンプルが、口内液、血液、血清、血漿、尿、髄液、および粘液からなるグループから選択される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 流体サンプルが唾液である、請求項13に記載の装置。
- 検体が、薬物、ホルモン、たんぱく質、核酸分子、病因学的因子、および特定の結合対のメンバーからなるグループから選択される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 検体が薬物であり、薬物が乱用薬物である、請求項15に記載の装置。
- プランジャが上方位置にあるとき、上部室および下部室が存在し、プランジャが下方位置にあるとき、下部室が存在しない、請求項2に記載の装置。
- 装置およびサンプルアプリケータを備えるキットであって、
前記装置が、
サンプル採取ウエルのためのポートを備えるケーシングと、
ポート内に位置しており、圧搾プレートと上方位置および下方位置を有するプランジャとを備える、サンプル採取ウエルと、
確認サンプルの保存のための室と、
少なくとも1つの検査素子を収容している検査区画と、
ランスによって貫かれることができる材料によって封止されたサンプル出口と、
前記材料を貫くためのランスと、
サンプル採取ウエルのためのキャップとを有し、キャップがサンプル採取ウエルに装着されたとき、キャップの一部分が、プランジャと相互作用してプランジャを上方位置から下方位置へと移動させ、ランスにより前記材料を破らせ、サンプル採取ウエルと検査区画との間に液体連絡をもたらす、キット。 - プランジャおよび圧搾プレートが、サンプル採取ウエル内に備えられ、さらにサンプル採取ウエルが、プランジャが上方位置にあるときに下部室を備えるとともに、確認サンプルが保存される上部室を備え、ランスがプランジャに担持されている、請求項18に記載のキット。
- サンプルアプリケータが、吸収部材およびハンドルをさらに備える、請求項19に記載のキット。
- 吸収部材がスポンジを含む、請求項20に記載のキット。
- 吸収部材が発泡体を含む、請求項20に記載のキット。
- 流体サンプルにおいて検体の存在を検出する方法であって、
装置へ流体サンプルを加えることを含み、前記装置が、
サンプル採取ウエルのためのポートを備えるケーシングと、
ポート内に位置しており、圧搾プレートと上方位置および下方位置を有するプランジャとを備える、サンプル採取ウエルと、
確認サンプルの保存のための室と、
圧搾プレートと、
少なくとも1つの検査素子を収容している検査区画と、
サンプル採取ウエルと検査区画との間に液体連絡をもたらすように、ランスによって貫かれることができる材料によって封止されたサンプル出口と、
前記材料を貫くためのランスと、
サンプル採取ウエルのためのキャップとを備え、キャップがサンプル採取ウエルに装着されたとき、キャップの一部分が、プランジャと相互作用してプランジャを上方位置から下方位置へと移動させ、
前記方法がさらに、
サンプル採取ウエルにキャップを装着して、プランジャに係合させることと、
ランスが前記材料に孔を開けて、流体サンプルを検査区画へと解放するよう、プランジャを下降させることと、
流体サンプル中の検体の存在を判定することとを含む、方法。 - プランジャおよび圧搾プレートが、サンプル採取ウエル内に備えられ、さらにサンプル採取ウエルが、プランジャが上方位置にあるときに下部室を備えるとともに、確認サンプルが保存される上部室を有しており、ランスがプランジャに担持されている、請求項23に記載の方法。
- さらにサンプル採取ウエルが、プランジャが上方位置にあるときに下部室を備えるとともに、確認サンプルが保存される上部室を備える、請求項24に記載の装置。
- 流体サンプルを加えることが、サンプルアプリケータを流体サンプルに接触させることと、サンプルアプリケータをサンプル採取ウエルへと挿入することと、さらにサンプルアプリケータを圧搾プレートへと押し付けて、流体サンプルをサンプル採取ウエルへと絞ることとを含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 絞られた流体サンプルが、サンプル採取ウエルの下部室へと流れることと、流体の一部が、上部室からプランジャの縁の周囲を巡って下部室へと流れることとをさらに含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 流体サンプルがサンプル採取ウエルへと加えられた後に、キャップが、サンプル採取ウエルに装着され、キャップが装着されると、プランジャが下げられて前記材料に孔を開け、これによりサンプル採取ウエルと検査区画との間に流体連絡がもたらされることをさらに含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- プランジャが前記材料に孔を開けたときに、流体サンプルが、下部室から検査区画へと流れる、請求項24に記載の方法。
- さらにサンプル採取ウエルおよびキャップが、相補的な係合するねじ山をさらに備える、請求項24に記載の方法。
- キャップがサンプル採取ウエルへとねじ込まれるとき、キャップの一部分が、プランジャへと力をもたらすべく相互作用し、プランジャを下降させて前記材料に孔を開ける、請求項30に記載の方法。
- プランジャが下方位置にあるとき、下部室が存在しない、請求項24に記載の方法。
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