JP4859746B2 - リチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4859746B2 JP4859746B2 JP2007121919A JP2007121919A JP4859746B2 JP 4859746 B2 JP4859746 B2 JP 4859746B2 JP 2007121919 A JP2007121919 A JP 2007121919A JP 2007121919 A JP2007121919 A JP 2007121919A JP 4859746 B2 JP4859746 B2 JP 4859746B2
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- chemical formula
- group
- lithium
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- Prior art date
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 89
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 74
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021475 bohrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical group [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 6
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002335 surface treatment layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1F GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017119 AlPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011254 layer-forming composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl acetate Chemical compound COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-mevalonolactone Natural products CC1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJKNNUJQFALRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trifluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(F)=C1F AJKNNUJQFALRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIWAPWDHHMWTRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triiodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC(I)=C1I RIWAPWDHHMWTRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSXFNGRHPAHIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-triiodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=C(I)C(I)=C1 KSXFNGRHPAHIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPQOPVIELGIULI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 ZPQOPVIELGIULI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEMGWPRHOOEKTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-difluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(F)=C1 UEMGWPRHOOEKTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFPQFQUXAJOWNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diiodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC(I)=C1 SFPQFQUXAJOWNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUGUFLJIAFISSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-difluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 QUGUFLJIAFISSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFMWZTSOMGDDJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diiodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=C(I)C=C1 LFMWZTSOMGDDJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGPNJZYOHABTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,6-trichloro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(Cl)C=CC=C(Cl)C1Cl WGPNJZYOHABTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCIXPTYBPVDLSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,6-triiodo-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(I)C=CC=C(I)C1I BCIXPTYBPVDLSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXKUBSWJMNSYFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dichloro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(Cl)CC(Cl)=CC=C1 CXKUBSWJMNSYFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXMUFZLVYDRMJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-difluoro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(F)CC(F)=CC=C1 PXMUFZLVYDRMJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLXMSYKIKJDKRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diiodo-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(I)CC(I)=CC=C1 OLXMSYKIKJDKRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMZYCBHLNZVROM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1F MMZYCBHLNZVROM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RINOYHWVBUKAQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iodo-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1I RINOYHWVBUKAQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWWOHROKOFWJSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5,6-trichloro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(Cl)C=CC(Cl)=CC1Cl YWWOHROKOFWJSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMTGTJVJFGMZKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5,6-trifluoro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(F)C=CC(F)=CC1F ZMTGTJVJFGMZKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDWSTYFJZZKEFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5,6-triiodo-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(I)C=CC(I)=CC1I ZDWSTYFJZZKEFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPNQJIWBFJUXNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dichloro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(Cl)CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OPNQJIWBFJUXNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTWYQAQAMJSNCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-difluoro-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(F)CC=C(F)C=C1 UTWYQAQAMJSNCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCUSDLHJLRGFAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-diiodo-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(I)CC=C(I)C=C1 KCUSDLHJLRGFAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNMSBVYZDQGYLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-carbonitrile Chemical compound O=C1OCC(C#N)O1 DNMSBVYZDQGYLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIGQQEOWQNDHJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dichloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClC1(Cl)COC(=O)O1 HIGQQEOWQNDHJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKDNQLPSWHNCFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dibromo-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound BrC1OC(=O)OC1Br RKDNQLPSWHNCFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQDOUXAQOUQPQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound BrC1COC(=O)O1 KQDOUXAQOUQPQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClC1COC(=O)O1 OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
[化学式17]QS2
[化学式18]LiQS2
[化学式19]V2O5
[化学式20]LiV2O5
[化学式21]LiIO2
[化学式22]LiNiVO4
[化学式23]Li(3−f)J2(PO4)3(0≦f≦3)
[化学式24]Li(3−f)Fe2(PO4)3(0≦f≦2)
(化学式1〜化学式24において、AはNi、Co、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され;BはAl、Ni、Co、Mn、Cr、Fe、Mg、Sr、V、希土類元素及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され;DはO、F、S、P、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され;EはCo、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群より選択され;FはF、S、P、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され;GはMg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Si、Ge、Sn、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Po、ランタン族元素、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から 選択され;QはTi、Mo、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され;IはCr、V、Fe、Sc、Y、Ti、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され;JはV、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される)。
エチレンカーボネート/ジメチルカーボネート/エチルメチルカーボネート(EC/DMC/EMC)が3/3/4の体積比に混合された非水性有機溶媒に、下記表1に記載されたようにリチウム塩を添加して電解質を製造した。
1gの(NH4)2HPO4と1.5gのAlナイトレート(Al(NO3)3・9H2O)を100mlの水に添加してコーティング液を製造した。この時非晶質AlPOk相がコロイド形態に析出された。このコーティング液10mlに平均粒径が10μmのLiCoO220gを添加して混合した後、130℃で30分間乾燥した。乾燥した粉末を400℃で5時間熱処理して、表面にAlとPを含む固溶体化合物とAlPOk化合物を含む表面処理層が形成された正極活物質を製造した。この時AlとPの総量は活物質に対して1質量%だけ含有させた。
LiCoO2の代わりに平均粒径が13μmのLiMn2O4を使ったことを除いて実施例16と同一な方法で実施して、リチウム二次電池を製造した。
LiCoO2の代わりに平均粒径が13μmのLiNi0.9Co0.1Sr0.002O2を使ったことを除いては実施例16と同一な方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
コーティング液20mlに平均粒径が10μmの活物質SnO220gを添加したことを除いて実施例16と同一な方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。この時、AlとPの総量は活物質に対して2質量%だけ含有させた。
2 正極
3 負極
4 セパレータ
5 容器
6 封入部材
Claims (11)
- リチウムイオンを挿入及び脱離することができる正極活物質を含む正極と、
リチウムイオンを挿入及び脱離することができる負極活物質を含む負極と、
非水性有機溶媒、及びリチウム塩を含む電解質
とを含み、
前記正極は3.65g/cc以上の合剤密度を有し、
前記リチウム塩は、リチウムヘキサフルオロホスファート(LiPF6)を前記電解質中に0.7M 〜1.5Mの濃度で、リチウムテトラフルオロボラート(LiBF4)を前記電解質の総質量に対して0.05質量%〜0.5質量%で、及びリチウムイミド系化合物を前記電解質中に0.1M 〜0.7Mの濃度で含むことを特徴とする、リチウム二次電池。 - 前記リチウムイミド系化合物が、Li[N(SO2CF3)2]、Li[N(SO2CF2CF3)2]及びこれらの混合物から成る群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記電解質が、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、LiC4F9SO3、LiAlO4、LiAlCl4 、LiCl、LiI、LiB(C2O4)2、及びこれらの混合物から成る群から選択されるリチウム塩をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極が、3.7〜4.1g/ccの合剤密度を持つことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質が、下記の化学式1〜化学式24の化合物から成る群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
[化学式1]LiaA1-bBbD2(0.95≦a≦1.1、0≦b≦0.5)
[化学式2]LiaE1-bBbO2−cFc(0.95≦a≦1.1、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05)
[化学式3]LiE2-bBbO4−cFc(0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05)
[化学式4]LiaNi1−b−cCobBcDα(0.95≦a≦1.1、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α≦2)
[化学式5]LiaNi1−b−cCobBcO2−αFα(0.95≦a≦1.1、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2)
[化学式6]LiaNi1−b−cCobBcO2−αF2(0.95≦a≦1.1、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2)
[化学式7]LiaNi1−b−cMnbBcDα(0.95≦a≦1.1、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α≦2)
[化学式8]LiaNi1−b−cMnbBcO2−αFα(0.95≦a≦1.1、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2)
[化学式9]LiaNi1−b−cMnbBcO2−αF2(0.95≦a≦1.1、0≦b≦0.5、0≦c≦0.05、0<α<2)
[化学式10]LiaNibEcGdO2(0.90≦a≦1.1、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.9、0.001≦d≦0.2)
[化学式11]LiaNibCocMndGeO2(0.90≦a≦1.1、0≦b≦0.9、0≦c≦0.5、0≦d≦0.5、0.001≦e≦0.2)
[化学式12]LiaNiGbO2(0.90≦a≦1.1、0.001≦b≦0.1)
[化学式13]LiaCoGbO2(0.90≦a≦1.1、0.001≦b≦0.1)
[化学式14]LiaMnGbO2(0.90≦a≦1.1、0.001≦b≦0.1)
[化学式15]LiaMn2GbO4(0.90≦a≦1.1、0.001≦b≦0.2)
[化学式16]QO2
[化学式17]QS2
[化学式18]LiQS2
[化学式19]V2O5
[化学式20]LiV2O5
[化学式21]LiIO2
[化学式22]LiNiVO4
[化学式23]Li(3−f)J2(PO4)3(0≦f≦3)
[化学式24]Li(3−f)Fe2(PO4)3(0≦f≦2)
(前記化学式1〜化学式24において、AはNi、Co、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され;BはAl、Ni、Co、Mn、Cr、Fe、Mg、Sr、V、希土類元素及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され;DはO、F、S、P、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され;EはCo、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され;FはF、S、P、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され;GはMg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、Sc、Y、Ti、Zr、Hf、Rf、V、Nb、Ta、Db、Cr、Mo、W、Sg、Tc、Re、Bh、Fe、Ru、Os、Hs、Rh、Ir、Pd、Pt、Cu、Ag、Au、Zn、Cd、B、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Si、Ge、Sn、P、As、Sb、Bi、S、Se、Te、Po、ランタン族元素、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され;QはTi、Mo、Mn、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され;IはCr、V、Fe、Sc、Y、Ti、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択され;JはV、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択されるものである)。 - 前記正極活物質は、下記の化学式25の化合物によって、表面処理されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
[化学式25]
MXOk
(前記化学式25でMはアルカリ金属、アルカリ土金属、13族元素、14族元素、遷移金属及び希土類元素から成る群から選択される少なくとも一つの元素であり、前記Xは酸素と二重結合を形成できる元素であり、kは2〜4の範囲にある)。 - 前記元素MがNa、K、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ni、Co、Si、Ti、B、Al、Sn、Mn、Cr、Fe、V、Zr及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記二重結合形成可能な元素はP、S、W及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質はリチウム、リチウムと合金化可能な金属物質、炭素質物質、前記金属物質と炭素質物質を含む複合物質及びこれらの混合物から成る群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記リチウムと合金可能な金属はAl、Si、Sn、Pb、Zn、Bi、In、Mg、Ga、Cd、Ag、Ge、Ti、及びこれらの組み合わせから成る群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記非水性有機溶媒はカーボネート系溶媒、エステル系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、ケトン系溶媒、アルコール系溶媒、プロトン性溶媒、非プロトン性溶媒、及びこれらの混合物から成る群より選択される有機溶媒を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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