JP4688889B2 - Cxcr3アンタゴニスト活性を有する、アミン結合ピリジルおよびフェニルで置換されたピペラジン−ピペリジン - Google Patents
Cxcr3アンタゴニスト活性を有する、アミン結合ピリジルおよびフェニルで置換されたピペラジン−ピペリジン Download PDFInfo
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- JP4688889B2 JP4688889B2 JP2007556254A JP2007556254A JP4688889B2 JP 4688889 B2 JP4688889 B2 JP 4688889B2 JP 2007556254 A JP2007556254 A JP 2007556254A JP 2007556254 A JP2007556254 A JP 2007556254A JP 4688889 B2 JP4688889 B2 JP 4688889B2
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Classifications
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- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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Description
本発明は、CXCR3アンタゴニスト活性を有する、ピリジルおよびフェニルで置換された新規なピペラジン−ピペリジン、1種以上のこのようなアンタゴニストを含有する薬学的組成物、ケモカイン活性を有する他の化合物と組み合わせた1種以上のこのようなアンタゴニスト、公知の免疫抑制薬剤(非限定的な例として、メトトレキサート、インターフェロン、シクロスポリン、FK−506およびFTY720が挙げられる)と組み合わせた1種以上のこのようなアンタゴニスト、このようなアンタゴニストを調製する方法、ならびにCXCR3活性を調節するためにこのようなアンタゴニストを使用する方法に関する。本発明はまた、CXCR3が関与する疾患および状態の処置(非限定的な例として、待機的治療、治癒的治療、および予防的治療が挙げられる)のために、このようなCXCR3アンタゴニストを使用する方法を開示する。CXCR3が関与する疾患および状態としては、炎症状態(乾癬および炎症性腸疾患)、自己免疫疾患(多発性硬化症、慢性関節リウマチ)、固定薬疹、皮膚の遅延型過敏性応答、I型糖尿病、ウイルス性髄膜炎および結核様らいが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。CXCR3アンタゴニスト活性はまた、腫瘍増殖の抑制、ならびに移植拒絶(例えば、同種移植拒絶および異種移植拒絶)のための治療として、指標とされている。
ケモカインは、炎症において産生され、そして白血球の漸増を調節する、小さなサイトカインのファミリーを構成する(非特許文献1、非特許文献2、非特許文献3)。ケモカインは、血液の有形成分(赤血球以外)(白血球(例えば、好中球、単球、マクロファージ、好酸球、好塩基球)、肥満細胞、ならびにリンパ球(例えば、T細胞およびB細胞)が挙げられる)の化学走性を選択的に誘導し得る。化学走性を刺激することに加えて、他の変化(細胞の形状の変化、細胞内遊離カルシウムイオンの濃度([Ca2+]i)の一時的な上昇、顆粒エキソサイトーシス、インテグリンのアップレギュレーション、生物活性脂質(例えば、ロイコトリエン)の形成、および白血球の活性化に関連する呼吸バーストが挙げられる)が、応答性細胞において、ケモカインによって選択的に誘導され得る。従って、ケモカインは、炎症応答の初期のトリガーであり、炎症媒介物質の放出、化学走性および血管外遊出を、感染または炎症の部位に引き起こす。
その一連の化合物において例示的なものは、以下のものである。
その一連の化合物において例示的なものは、以下のものである。
その一連の化合物において例示的なものは、以下のものである。
以下の式
その一連の化合物において例示的なものは、以下のものである。
多くの実施形態において、本発明は、式1:
Zは、N、C(R29)、NOまたはNOHであり;
Gは、N、C(R4)、NOまたはNOHであり;
R1およびR2は、独立して存在しないかまたは存在し、存在する場合、各々がH、アルキル、アルコキシ、アルケニル、カルボニル、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、アルキルアリール、アリールアルキル、アリール、アミノ、アルキルアミノ、アミジニル、カルボキサミド、シアノ、ヒドロキシル、尿素、−N≡CH、=NCN、−(CH2)qOH、−(CH2)qOR31、−(CH2)qNH2、−(CH2)qNHR31、−(CH2)qN(R31)2、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHR31、−(CH2)qSO2R31、−(CH2)qNHSO2R31、−(CH2)qSO2NHR31、−C(=S)N(H)アルキル、−N(H)−S(O)2−アルキル、−N(H)C(=O)N(H)−アルキル、−S(O)2アルキル、−S(O)2NH2、−S(O)2N(H)アルキル、−S(O)2N(アルキル)2、−S(O)2アリール、−S(O)2ヘテロアリール、−S(O)2ヘテロシクリル、−C(=S)N(H)シクロアルキル、−C(=O)N(H)NH2、−C(=O)アルキル、−C(=O)ヘテロアリール、−C(=O)ヘテロシクリル、−ヘテロアリール、ヘテロシクリルおよびヘテロシクレニルからなる群から独立して選択されるか;あるいは、NがR1およびR2と一緒になってヘテロシクリル、ヘテロアリールまたは−N=C(NH2)2を形成し;
R3、R4、R6およびR29部分は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、各々が、H、アルキル、アルキルアリール、アラルキル、−CN、CF3、ハロアルキル、シクロアルキル、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシアルキル、−N=CH−(R31)、−C(=O)N(R30)2、−N(R30)2、−OR30、−SO2(R31)、−N(R30)C(=O)N(R30)2および−N(R30)C(=O)R31からなる群より独立して選択され;
R10部分は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、各々が、H、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロシクレニル、ヘテロシクリル、アルキルアリール、アリールアルキル、−CO2H、ヒドロキシアルキル、−C(=O)N(R30)2、−(CH2)qOH、−(CH2)qOR31、−(CH2)qNHR31、−(CH2)qN(R31)2、−OR30、ハロゲン、=O、および−C(=O)R31からなる群より独立して選択され;
R11部分は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、各々が、H、アルキル、シクロアルキル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロシクリル、ヘテロシクレニル、アルキルアリール、アリールアルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、カルボキサミド、CO2H、−(CH2)qOH、−(CH2)qOR31、−(CH2)qNHR31、−(CH2)qN(R31)2、−OR30、ハロゲン、=O、および−C(=O)R31からなる群より独立して選択され;
R12部分は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、各々が、H、アルキル、−CN、−C(=O)N(R30)2、−(CH2)qOH、−(CH2)qOR31、−(CH2)qNHR31、−(CH2)qN(R31)2、および−S(O2)R31からなる群より独立して選択され;
Dは、5〜9員の、シクロアルキル環、シクロアルケニル環、アリール環、0〜4個のヘテロ原子を有するヘテロアリール環、ヘテロシクレニル環またはヘテロシクリル環であり、このヘテロ原子は、O、SまたはNから独立して選択され、ここで、環Dは、非置換であるか、または独立して選択される1〜5個のR20部分で必要に応じて置換され;
R20部分は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、各々が、H、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキルアリール、アルキニル、アルコキシ、アルキルアミノ、アルキルチオカルボキシ、アルキルヘテロアリール、アルキルチオ、アルキルスルフィニル、アルキルスルホニル、アルコキシカルボニル、アミノアルキル、アミジニル、アラルキル、アラルケニル、アラルコキシ、アラルコキシカルボニル、アラルキルチオ、アリール、アロイル、アリールオキシ、シアノ、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、ホルミル、グアニジニル、ハロゲン、ハロアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロシクリル、ヘテロシクレニル、ヒドロキシアルキル、ヒドロキサメート、ニトロ、トリフルオロメトキシ、−(CH2)qOH、−(CH2)qOR31、−(CH2)qNH2、−(CH2)qNHR31、−(CH2)qN(R31)2、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHR31、−(CH2)qSO2R31、−(CH2)qNHSO2R31、−(CH2)qSO2NHR31、−アルキニルC(R31)2OR31、−C(=O)R30、−C(=O)N(R30)2、−C(=NR30)NHR30、−C(=NOH)N(R30)2、−C(=NOR31)N(R30)2、−C(=O)OR30、−N(R30)2、−N(R30)C(=O)R31、−NHC(=O)N(R30)2、−N(R30)C(=O)OR31、−N(R30)C(=NCN)N(R30)2、−N(R30)C(=O)N(R30)SO2(R31)、−N(R30)C(=O)N(R30)2、−N(R30)SO2(R31)、−N(R30)S(O)2N(R30)2、−OR30、−OC(=O)N(R30)2、−SR30、−SO2N(R30)2、−SO2(R31)、−OSO2(R31)、および−OSi(R30)3からなる群より独立して選択されるか;あるいは2つのR20部分が、一緒に連結して、5員または6員の、アリール環、シクロアルキル環、ヘテロシクリル環、ヘテロシクレニル環、またはヘテロアリール環を形成し、ここで、これらの5員または6員の、アリール環、シクロアルキル環、ヘテロシクリル環、ヘテロシクレニル環、またはヘテロアリール環は、環Dに縮合し、そしてこの縮合環は、0〜4個のR21部分で必要に応じて置換され;
R21部分は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、各々が、H、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキルアリール、アルキニル、アルコキシ、アルキルアミノ、アルキルチオカルボキシ、アルキルヘテロアリール、アルキルチオ、アルキルスルフィニル、アルキルスルホニル、アルコキシカルボニル、アミノアルキル、アミジニル、アラルキル、アラルケニル、アラルコキシ、アラルコキシカルボニル、アラルキルチオ、アリール、アロイル、アリールオキシ、カルボキサミド、シアノ、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、ホルミル、グアニジニル、ハロゲン、ハロアルキル、ヘテロアルキル、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロシクリル、ヘテロシクレニル、ヒドロキシアルキル、ヒドロキサメート、ニトロ、トリフルオロメトキシ、−(CH2)qOH、−(CH2)qOR31、−(CH2)qNH2、−(CH2)qNHR31、−(CH2)qN(R31)2、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHR31、−(CH2)qSO2R31、−(CH2)qNSO2R31、−(CH2)qSO2NHR31、−アルキニルC(R31)2OR31、−C(=O)R30、−C(=O)N(R30)2、−C(=NR30)NHR30、−C(=NOH)N(R30)2、−C(=NOR31)N(R30)2、−C(=O)OR30、−N(R30)2、−N(R30)C(=O)R31、−NHC(=O)N(R30)2、−N(R30)C(=O)OR31、−N(R30)C(=NCN)N(R30)2、−N(R30)C(=O)N(R30)SO2(R31)、−N(R30)C(=O)N(R30)2、−N(R30)SO2(R31)、−N(R30)S(O)2N(R30)2、−OR30、−OC(=O)N(R30)2、−SR30、−SO2N(R30)2、−SO2(R31)、−OSO2(R31)、および−OSi(R30)3からなる群より独立して選択され;
Yは、−(CR13R13)r−、−CHR13C(=O)−、−(CHR13)rO−、−(CHR13)rN(R30)−、−C(=O)−、−C(=NR30)−、−C(=N−OR30)−、−CH(C(=O)NHR30)−、CH−ヘテロアリール−、−C(R13R13)rC(R13)=C(R13)−、−(CHR13)rC(=O)−および−(CHR13)rN(H)C(=O)−からなる群より選択されるか;あるいはYは、シクロアルキル、ヘテロシクレニル、またはヘテロシクリルであり、このシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクレニル、またはヘテロシクリルは、環Dと縮合し;
R13部分は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、各々が、H、アルキル、アルキルアリール、シクロアルキル、アルコキシ、アリール、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロシクレニル、ヘテロシクリル、スピロアルキル、−CN、−CO2H、−C(=O)R30、−C(=O)N(R30)2、−(CHR30)qOH、−(CHR30)qOR31、−(CHR30)qNH2、−(CHR30)qNHR31、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHR31、−(CH2)qSO2R31、−(CH2)qNSO2R31、−(CH2)qSO2NHR31、−NH2、−N(R30)2、−N(R30)C(=O)N(R30)2、−N(R30)SO2(R31)、−OH、OR30、−SO2N(R30)2、および−SO2(R31)からなる群より独立して選択され;
R30部分は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、各々が、H、アルキル、アルキルアリール、アリール、アラルキル、シクロアルキル、CN、−(CH2)qOH、−(CH2)qOアルキル、−(CH2)qOアルキルアリール、−(CH2)qOアリール、−(CH2)qOアラルキル、−(CH2)qOシクロアルキル、−(CH2)qNH2、−(CH2)qNHアルキル、−(CH2)qN(アルキル)2、−(CH2)qNHアルキルアリール、−(CH2)qNHアリール、−(CH2)qNHアラルキル、−(CH2)qNHシクロアルキル、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHアルキル、−(CH2)qC(=O)N(アルキル)2、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHアルキルアリール、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHアリール、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHアラルキル、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHシクロアルキル、−(CH2)qSO2アルキル、−(CH2)qSO2アルキルアリール、−(CH2)qSO2アリール、−(CH2)qSO2アラルキル、−(CH2)qSO2シクロアルキル、−(CH2)qNSO2アルキル、−(CH2)qNSO2アルキルアリール、−(CH2)qNSO2アリール、−(CH2)qNSO2アラルキル、−(CH2)qNSO2シクロアルキル、−(CH2)qSO2NHアルキル、−(CH2)qSO2NHアルキルアリール、−(CH2)qSO2NHアリール、−(CH2)qSO2NHアラルキル、−(CH2)qSO2NHシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクレニル、ヘテロシクリル、およびヘテロアリールからなる群より独立して選択され;
R31部分は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、各々が、アルキル、アルキルアリール、アリール、アラルキル、シクロアルキル、−(CH2)qOH、−(CH2)qOアルキル、−(CH2)qOアルキルアリール、−(CH2)qOアリール、−(CH2)qOアラルキル、−(CH2)qOシクロアルキル、−(CH2)qNH2、−(CH2)qNHアルキル、−(CH2)qN(アルキル)2、−(CH2)qNHアルキルアリール、−(CH2)qNHアリール、−(CH2)qNHアラルキル、−(CH2)qNHシクロアルキル、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHアルキル、−(CH2)qC(=O)N(アルキル)2、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHアルキルアリール、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHアリール、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHアラルキル、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHシクロアルキル、−(CH2)qSO2アルキル、−(CH2)qSO2アルキルアリール、−(CH2)qSO2アリール、−(CH2)qSO2アラルキル、−(CH2)qSO2シクロアルキル、−(CH2)qNSO2アルキル、−(CH2)qNSO2アルキルアリール、−(CH2)qNSO2アリール、−(CH2)qNSO2アラルキル、−(CH2)qNSO2シクロアルキル、−(CH2)qSO2NHアルキル、−(CH2)qSO2NHアルキルアリール、−(CH2)qSO2NHアリール、−(CH2)qSO2NHアラルキル、−(CH2)qSO2NHシクロアルキル、ヘテロシクレニル、ヘテロシクリル、およびヘテロアリールからなる群より独立して選択され;
mは、0〜4であり;
nは、0〜4であり;
各qは、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、各々が独立して、1〜5から選択され;そして
rは、1〜4であり;
ただし、いずれの環においても、2つの隣接する二重結合が存在せず、そして窒素が2つのアルキル基により置換される場合、これらの2つのアルキル基は、必要に応じて、互いに連結して、環を形成し得る。
本明細書中で使用される用語は、その元の意味を有し、そしてこのような用語の意味は、その各々の出現において独立している。それにもかかわらず、他に言及される場合を除いて、以下の定義は、本明細書および特許請求の範囲の全体にわたって適用される。化学名、一般名、および化学構造は、同じ構造を記載するために、交換可能に使用され得る。これらの定義は、他に示されない限り、ある用語が単独で使用されるか、他の用語と組み合わせて使用されるかにかかわらず、適用される。従って、「アルキル」の定義は、「アルキル」と、「ヒドロキシアルキル」、「ハロアルキル」、「アルコキシ」などの「アルキル」部分とに適用される。
「アルケニル」とは、少なくとも1個の炭素−炭素二重結合を含み、そして直鎖であっても分枝鎖であってもよく、そして鎖中に約2個〜約15個の炭素原子を含む、脂肪族炭化水素基を意味する。好ましいアルケニル基は、鎖中に約2個〜約12個の炭素原子を有し;そしてより好ましくは、鎖中に約2個〜約6個の炭素原子を有する。分枝とは、1個以上の低級アルキル基(例えば、メチル、エチルまたはプロピル)が、直鎖アルケニル鎖に結合していることを意味する。「低級アルケニル」とは、直鎖または分枝鎖であり得る鎖中の、約2個〜約6個の炭素原子を意味する。アルケニル基は、同じであっても異なっていてもよい1個以上の置換基で置換され得、各置換基は、アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アルコキシ、アリール、アリールオキシ、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、シアノ、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロシクリル、ヘテロシクレニル、アミノ、アミノスルホニル、ハロ、カルボキシル、カルボキシアルキル(非限定的な例としては、エステルが挙げられる)、アルコキシカルボニル、ヒドロキシアルキル、カルボニル(非限定的な例としては、ケトンが挙げられる)、−C(=O)ヘテロシクリル、ホルミル(非限定的な例としては、アルデヒドが挙げられる)、カルボキサミド(すなわち、アミド、−C(=O)NH2)、−C(=O)N(アルキル)2、−C(=O)NH(アルキル)、−C(=O)N(シクロアルキル)2、−C(=O)NH(シクロアルキル)、−NHC(=O)アルキル、尿素(例えば、−NH(C=O)NH2、−NH(C=O)NH(アルキル)、−NH(C=O)NH(アルキル)2、−NH(C=O)NH(ヘテロアリール)、−NH(C=O)NH(ヘテロシクリル))、グアニジニル、−NHC(=NCN)NH2、−NHC(=NCN)N(アルキル)2、カルバモイル(すなわち、−CO2NH2)、NHC(=O)Oアルキル、−CO2N(アルキル)2、−NHC(=O))NH−S(O)2アルキル、−NHC(=O)N(アルキル)2−S(O)2アルキル、−NH−S(O)2アルキル、−NH−S(O)2ヘテロアリール、−N(アルキル)−S(O)2アルキル、−NH−S(O)2アリール、−N(アルキル)−S(O)2アリール、−NH−S(O)2NH2、−NH−S(O)2NHアルキル、−NH−S(O)2N(アルキル)2、アルキルチオカルボキシ、−S(O)2アルキル、−S(O)2アリール、−OS(O)2アルキル、−OS(O)2アリール、スルホニル尿素(非限定的な例としては、NHC(=S)NHアルキルが挙げられる)からなる群より独立して選択される。適切なアルケニル基の非限定的な例としては、エテニル、プロペニル、n−ブテニル、3−メチルブト−2−エニル、n−ペンテニル、オクテニルおよびデセニルが挙げられる。
あるいは、XがNである場合、NはXが結合するR1およびR2と一緒になって−N−シクロピロピル、−N−シクロブチル、−N−シクロヘキシルまたは
Gは、NまたはC(R4)であり;
R1およびR2は、独立して存在しないかまたは存在し、存在する場合、各々が、H、アルキルアリール、アリール、ヘテロアリール、−(CH2)qCF3、−(CH2)qOH、−(CH2)qOR31、−(CH2)qNH2、−(CH2)qNHR31、−(CH2)qN(R31)2、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHR31、−(CH2)qSO2R31、−(CH2)qNHSO2R31、−(CH2)qSO2NHR31、−(CH2)q−アミジニル、シクロプロピル、シクロプロピルヒドロキシル、シクロブチル、シクロブチルヒドロキシ、シクロペンチルおよびシクロペンチルヒドロキシからなる群から独立して選択され
R3は、H、アルキル、ハロアルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、ハロゲン、−N(R30)2、−OR30および−CF3からなる群より選択され;
R4は、H、アルキル、ハロアルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、ハロゲン、−N(R30)2、−OR30および−CF3からなる群より選択され;
R6は、H、アルキル、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシアルキル、−CN、−N(R30)2、−OR30、−N=CH−アルキルおよび−NR30C(=O)アルキルからなる群より選択され;
R10は、H、アルキル、アラルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、およびカルボニルからなる群より選択され;
R11は、H、アルキル、ヒドロキシアルキル、およびカルボニルからなる群より選択され;
R12は、H、CN、−C(=O)N(R30)2およびアルキルからなる群より選択され;
環Dは、5員〜6員の、アリール環、ヘテロアリール環、ヘテロシクレニル環、またはヘテロシクリル環であり、そして0〜4個のR20部分により置換され;
R20部分は、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、各々が、H、アルキル、アミノ、ハロゲン、CN、CH3、CF3、OCF3、−(CH2)qOR31、−(CH2)qNHR31、−(CH2)qC(=O)NHR31、−(CH2)qSO2R31、−(CH2)qNSO2R31、−(CH2)qSO2NHR31、−アルキニルC(R31)2OR31、−C(=O)R30、−C(=O)OR30、−N(R30)2、−N(R30)C(=O)R31、−NHC(=O)N(R30)2、−N(R30)C(=O)OR31、−N(R30)C(=NCN)N(R30)2、−N(R30)C(=O)N(R30)2、−OR30、−OC(=O)N(R30)2、
Yは、−CH2−、−CH(CH3)−、−CH(CH2OH)−、−C(=O)−および−CH(CO2アルキル)−からなる群より選択され;
mは、0〜2であり;
nは、0〜2であり;
qは、1または2であり;そして
rは、1または2である。
「カプセル剤」とは、活性成分を含有する組成物を保持または収容するための、メチルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール、または変性ゼラチンもしくは変性デンプンから作製された、特殊な容器または封入体をいう。硬いシェルのカプセル剤は、代表的に、比較的高ゲル強度の骨と、ブタの皮膚のゼラチンとのブレンドから作製される。カプセル剤自体は、少量の色素、不透明化剤、可塑剤および防腐剤を含有し得る。
DBU=1,8−ジアザビシクロ[5.4.0]ウンデカ−7−エン
DBN=1,5−ジアザビシクロ[4.3.0]ノン−5−エン
EDCI=1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボジイミド
HATU=N−(ジエチルアミノ)−1H−1,2,3−トリアゾール[4,5−b]ピリジン−1−イルメチレン]−N−メチルメタンアミニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートN−オキシド
HOBT=1−ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール
DCC=ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド
Dibal−H=水素化ジイソブチルアルミニウム
DBPD=2−(ジ−t−ブチルホスフィノ)ビフェニル
DMF=ジメチルホルムアミド
LAH=水素化リチウムアルミニウム
NaBH(OAc)3=トリアセトキシ水素化ホウ素ナトリウム
NaBH4=水素化ホウ素ナトリウム
NaBH3CN=シアノ水素化ホウ素ナトリウム
LDA=リチウムジイソプロピルアミド
p−TsOH=p−トルエンスルホン酸
p−TsCl=塩化p−トルエンスルホニル
PPTS=p−トルエンスルホンピリジニウム
m−CPBA=m−クロロ過安息香酸
TMAD=N,N,N’,N’−テトラメチルアゾジカルボキサミド
CSA=ショウノウ硫酸
NaHMDS=ヘキサメチルジシリルアジ化ナトリウム
HRMS=高解像度質量分析法
HPLC=高速液体クロマトグラフィー
LRMS=低解像度質量分析法
nM=ナノモル濃度
Ki=基質/レセプター複合体についての解離定数
pA2=J.Hey,Eur.J.Pharmacol.,(1995),第294巻,329−335によって規定される場合の−logEC50
Ci/mmol=キュリー/mmol(比活性の尺度)
Tr=トリフェニルメチル
Tris=トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)アミノメタン。
本発明の化合物は、当業者に明らかな多数の方法によって、調製され得る。好ましい方法としては、本明細書中に記載される一般合成手順が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。当業者は、1つの経路が、付属する置換基の選択に依存して、最適であることを認識する。さらに、当業者は、いくつかの場合において、官能基の非適合性を回避するために、工程の順序が制御される必要があることを、理解する。当業者は、より収束性の経路(すなわち、分子の特定の部分の非線形または予備構築)が、目標化合物の構築の、より効率的な方法であることを認識する。可変物[R17、R18、R3、R6、R10、R11、R12、R20、Y、Z、Q、L、m、n、wおよびp]が上で定義された通りである、式1の化合物の調製のための1つのこのような方法が、スキーム1に示される。Pr2およびPr3は、以下に例示される保護基である。アリールアミン部分の導入の代替の方法論は、公開の刊行物において周知である。
(工程A)
適切に置換された、2−ハロ−5−ニトロピリジン、1−ハロ−4−ニトロフェニルまたは構造Iの適したカップリングアナログを必要に応じて置換または保護された構造IIのピペラジンと反応させて、一般構造IIIの化合物を生成する。好ましくは、この反応は、ジオキサンなどの溶媒中で、トリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、炭酸カリウムまたは炭酸セシウムなどの塩基の存在下で行われる。必要に応じて、酢酸パラジウムのような触媒が添加され得、この反応を、35℃〜150℃の間の温度で加熱され得る。
工程Aの生成物が、構造IIIの保護されたピペラジンである場合、脱保護が必要とされる。Pr2が必要に応じて置換されたベンジル基である場合、脱保護は、水素ガスの圧力下で、パラジウムなどの適した触媒の存在下での反応により、行われ得る。Pr2が、エトキシエチルである場合、脱保護は、トリメチルシリルヨージドとの反応により、行われ得る。Pr2が、t−ブトキシカルボニルである場合、脱保護は、トリフルオロ酢酸または塩化水素などの強酸を用いて行われ得る。
構造IVのピペラジンは、構造Vのケトンと、還元剤の存在下で反応させ、R12が水素である構造VIの化合物を生成する。還元アミノ反応の一般的な条件は、本明細書中に記載される。
構造IVのピペラジンは、構造Vを有するケトンと、還元剤の存在下で反応させ、R12がシアニド残基である構造VIの化合物を形成する。代表的な条件は、等モル当量の、構造IVのピペラジンと構造Vのケトンとの、チタンイソプロポキシドの存在下での、塩化メチレンなどのハロゲン化溶媒中での、1〜48時間の反応である。シアニド供給源(例えば、ジメチルアルミニウムシアニド)の引く続く添加により、R12がシアニド残基である構造VIの化合物が得られる。
構造IVのピペラジンは、構造Vのケトンと、還元試薬の存在下で反応させ、R12が水素である構造VIIIの化合物を生成する。還元アミノ反応の一般的な条件は、上に記載される。
構造VIまたは構造Xの保護されたピペリジンは、脱保護され、それぞれ構造VIIまたは構造XIの第2級アミンを提供する。Pr3が、必要に応じて置換されたベンジル基である場合、脱保護は、水素ガスの圧力下で、パラジウムなどの適した触媒の存在下での反応により、行われ得る。Pr2が、エトキシエチルである場合、脱保護は、トリメチルシリルヨージドとの反応により、行われ得る。Pr2が、t−ブトキシカルボニルである場合、脱保護は、トリフルオロ酢酸または塩化水素などの強酸を用いて行われ得る。
構造VIIまたは構造XIの第二級アミンは、アルキル化またはアシル化のいずれかが行われて、それぞれ構造VIIIまたは構造IXの化合物を提供する。このようなアルキル化およびアシル化の一般的な方法は、上に記載されており、そして当業者に周知である。
構造VIまたは構造VIIIのニトロ化合物は、エタノールまたは酢酸エチルのような溶媒中で、塩化スズ(II)のような適した還元試薬と反応させ、相当するアミンを得る。
構造VIIIおよび構造VIの化合物は、アルキル化、アシル化またはスルホニル化のような方法により官能化され得、構造Xまたは構造IXの化合物を提供する。このようなアルキル化、アシル化およびスルホニル化の一般的な方法は、上に記載されており、そして当業者に周知である。
必要に応じて、構造VIまたは構造XIの化合物の官能基の操作または複数工程の合成が行われ得、さらに構造VIまたは構造XIの関連化合物をそれぞれ提供する。
以下の調製実施例は、本発明の範囲を説明することを意図され、限定することを意図されない。
シクロプロピルアミン(240μL、200mg、3.5mmol)を反応混合物に添加し、14時間室温で攪拌した。溶媒を減圧下除去し、褐色残渣を得た。シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(ジクロロメタン中、5%(メタノール中、7Mアンモニア))による残渣の精製により、37(541mg、収率55%)として得た。MS:[M+H]+=559。
本発明の化合物を、既知の方法、例えば、ヒトCXCR3(N−delta 4)結合アッセイを展開するといった方法により、評価してCXCR3レセプターでの活性を決定することが容易である。
ヒトCXCR3をコードするDNAを、ヒトゲノムDNA(Promega,Madison,WI)をテンプレートとして使用するPCRによってクローニングした。そのPCRプライマーを、ヒトオーファンレセプターGPR9の公表されている配列(1)に基づいて設計した。このプライマーには、制限部位、Kozakコンセンサス配列、CD8リーダーおよびFlagタグが組み込まれている。このPCR産物を、SRα発現ベクターの誘導体である、哺乳類発現ベクターpME18Sneoにサブクローニングした(これを、pME18Sneo−hCXCR3(N−delta 4)として示す)。
ヒトCXCR3(N−delta 4)を発現するBa/F3細胞を、ペレット化して、10mM HEPES(pH 7.5)およびComplete(登録商標)プロテアーゼインヒビター(100ml当り1錠)(Boehringer Mannheim,Indianapolis,IN)を含む溶解緩衝液に、細胞密度20×106個(細胞)/mlで再懸濁した。氷上で5分間インキュベートした後に、細胞を、4639加圧式細胞破砕機(Parr Instrument,Moline,IL)に移して、氷上で30分間にわたり、1,500psiの窒素で加圧した。大きな細胞破砕片は、1,000×g遠心分離により取り出した。その上清にある細胞膜を、100,000×gで沈降させた。その膜を、10%スクロースを補充した上述の溶解緩衝液に再懸濁して、−80℃で保存した。その膜における総タンパク質濃度を、Pierce(Rockford,IL)によるBCA法で決定した。
アッセイポイントの各々について、2μgの膜を、結合緩衝液(50mM HEPES,1mM CaCl2,5mM MgCl2,125mM NaCl,0.002% NaN3,1.0% BSA)中にて、300μgのコムギ胚芽凝集素(WGA)でコートしたSPAビーズ(Amersham,Arlington Heights,IL)とともに1時間にわたって室温で事前にインキュベートした。このビーズを遠心分離して、一度洗浄し、その結合緩衝液に再懸濁して、96ウェル型Isoplate(Wallac,Gaithersburg,MD)に移した。25pMの[125I]IP−10を、一連の滴定で試験対象とした化合物に室温で加えることで反応を開始させた。室温で3時間反応させた後で、そのSPAビーズに結合した[125I]IP−10の量を、Wallac 1450 Microbeta counterを用いて決定した。
Claims (21)
- 以下:
- 以下:
- 精製形態である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1に記載の少なくとも1つの化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を、少なくとも1種の薬学的に受容可能なキャリアと組み合わせて含有する、薬学的組成物。
- CXCR3ケモカインレセプターにより媒介される疾患を処置するための、少なくとも1種のさらなる薬剤、薬物、医薬、抗体および/またはインヒビターをさらに含有する、請求項4に記載の薬学的組成物。
- CXCR3ケモカインレセプターにより媒介される疾患の処置を必要とする患者において、CXCR3ケモカインレセプターにより媒介される疾患を処置するための組成物であって、治療有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を含む、組成物。
- 前記組成物が、有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を含み、CXCR3ケモカインレセプターにより媒介される疾患を処置するための、少なくとも1種のさらなる薬剤、薬物、医薬、抗体および/またはインヒビターと一緒にかまたは連続的に、薬学的に受容可能なキャリアと組み合わせての投与に適する、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 前記化合物が、CXCR3レセプターに結合する、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、治療有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を含み、疾患修飾抗リウマチ薬;非ステロイド性抗炎症薬;COX−2選択的インヒビター;COX−1インヒビター;免疫抑制物質;ステロイド;PDE IVインヒビター、抗TNF−α化合物、TNF−α−コンバターゼインヒビター、サイトカインインヒビター、MMPインヒビター、糖質コルチコイド、ケモカインインヒビター、CB2選択的インヒビター、p38インヒビター;抗炎症薬剤および治療剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の医薬との同時投与または連続的な投与に適する、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 前記疾患が、炎症性疾患である、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 炎症性腸疾患の処置を必要とする患者において、炎症性腸疾患を処置するための組成物であって、治療有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を含む、組成物。
- 前記組成物が、治療有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を含み、スルファサラジン、5−アミノサリチル酸、スルファピリジン、抗TNF化合物、抗IL−12化合物、コルチコステロイド、糖質コルチコイド、抗CD3抗体、免疫抑制物質、メトトレキサート、アザチオプリン、および6−メルカプトプリンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物との同時投与または連続的な投与に適する、請求項11に記載の組成物。
- 移植拒絶の処置または予防を必要とする患者において、移植拒絶を処置または予防するための組成物であって、治療有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を含む、組成物。
- 前記組成物が、治療有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を含み、シクロスポリンA、FK−506、FTY720、β−インターフェロン、ラパマイシン、ミコフェノレート、プレドニゾロン、アザチオプリン、シクロホスファミドおよび抗リンパ球グロブリンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物との同時投与または連続的な投与に適する、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 多発性硬化症の処置を必要とする患者において、多発性硬化症を処置するための組成物であって、治療有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を含み、β−インターフェロン、グラチラマーアセテート、コルチコステロイド、糖質コルチコイド、メトトレキサート、アゾチオプリン、ミトザントロン、VLA−4インヒビター、FTY720、抗IL−12化合物、およびCB2選択的インヒビターからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物との同時投与または連続的な投与に適する、組成物。
- 多発性硬化症の処置を必要とする患者において、多発性硬化症を処置するための組成物であって、治療有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を含み、メトトレキサート、シクロスポリン、レフルノミド、スルファサラジン、コルチコステロイド、β−メタゾン、β−インターフェロン、グラチラマーアセテート、プレドニゾン、エトネルセプト、およびインフリキシマブからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物との同時投与または連続的な投与に適する、組成物。
- 慢性関節リウマチの処置を必要とする患者において、慢性関節リウマチを処置するための組成物であって、治療有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を含み、非ステロイド性抗炎症薬剤、COX−2インヒビター、COX−1インヒビター、免疫抑制物質、シクロスポリン、メトトレキサート、ステロイド、PDE IVインヒビター、抗TNF−α化合物、MMPインヒビター、コルチコステロイド、糖質コルチコイド、ケモカインインヒビター、CB2選択的インヒビター、カスパーゼ(ICE)インヒビター、および慢性関節リウマチの処置のために指標される他のクラスの化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物との同時投与または連続的な投与に適する、組成物。
- 乾癬の処置を必要とする患者において、乾癬を処置するための組成物であって、治療有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を含み、免疫抑制物質、シクロスポリン、メトトレキサート、ステロイド、コルチコステロイド、抗TNF−α化合物、抗IL化合物、抗IL−23化合物、ビタミンA化合物およびビタミンD化合物、ならびにフマレートからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物との同時投与または連続的な投与に適する、組成物。
- 眼の炎症の処置を必要とする患者において、眼の炎症を処置するための組成物であって、治療有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を含み、免疫抑制物質、シクロスポリン、メトトレキサート、FK506、ステロイド、コルチコステロイド、および抗TNF−α化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物との同時投与または連続的な投与に適する、組成物。
- 処置を必要とする患者において、炎症性疾患、慢性関節リウマチ、多発性硬化症、炎症性腸疾患、移植拒絶、乾癬、固定薬疹、皮膚の遅延型過敏性応答、眼の炎症、結核様らいおよび癌からなる群より選択される疾患を処置するための組成物であって、有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を含む、組成物。
- 処置を必要とする患者において、炎症性疾患、慢性関節リウマチ、多発性硬化症、炎症性腸疾患、移植拒絶、乾癬、固定薬疹、皮膚の遅延型過敏性応答および結核様らい、眼の炎症、ウイルス性髄膜炎および癌からなる群より選択される疾患を処置するための組成物であって、有効量の少なくとも1種の請求項1に記載の化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩もしくは溶媒和物を含み、疾患修飾抗リウマチ薬;非ステロイド性抗炎症薬;COX−2選択的インヒビター;COX−1インヒビター;免疫抑制物質;ステロイド;PDE IVインヒビター、抗TNF−α化合物、MMPインヒビター、コルチコステロイド、糖質コルチコイド、ケモカインインヒビター、CB2選択的インヒビター;抗炎症薬剤および治療剤からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の医薬との同時投与または連続的な投与に適する、組成物。
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WO2000059498A1 (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-12 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Pyrrolidine modulators of chemokine receptor activity |
JP2002543185A (ja) * | 1999-05-04 | 2002-12-17 | シェーリング コーポレイション | Ccr5アンタゴニストとして有用なピペラジン誘導体 |
WO2003076400A1 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2003-09-18 | Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. | New inhibitors of histone deacetylase |
WO2003082855A1 (fr) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-09 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Agent anti-inflammatoire |
WO2004113323A1 (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2004-12-29 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft | Quinolyl amide derivatives as ccr-5 antagonists |
WO2005003127A1 (en) * | 2003-06-28 | 2005-01-13 | Celltech R & D Limited | Bicyclic heteroaromatic derivatives as modulators of cxcr3 function |
JP2008530214A (ja) * | 2005-02-16 | 2008-08-07 | シェーリング コーポレイション | Cxcr3アンタゴニスト活性を有する、複素環で置換されたピペラジン |
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US7566718B2 (en) | 2009-07-28 |
US20060276480A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
EP1853583A1 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
WO2006088920A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
JP2008530219A (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
JP2011068686A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
CA2598460C (en) | 2013-05-07 |
MX2007009948A (es) | 2007-09-26 |
CA2598460A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
CN101203509A (zh) | 2008-06-18 |
EP1853583B1 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
CN101203509B (zh) | 2013-05-08 |
TWI316514B (en) | 2009-11-01 |
AR054185A1 (es) | 2007-06-06 |
ATE523506T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
TW200640902A (en) | 2006-12-01 |
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