JP4412450B2 - Anti-reflective filter - Google Patents
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- JP4412450B2 JP4412450B2 JP2002282847A JP2002282847A JP4412450B2 JP 4412450 B2 JP4412450 B2 JP 4412450B2 JP 2002282847 A JP2002282847 A JP 2002282847A JP 2002282847 A JP2002282847 A JP 2002282847A JP 4412450 B2 JP4412450 B2 JP 4412450B2
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- antireflection
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、撥水撥油性、離型性、耐薬品性、潤滑性などに優れ、かつ耐久性、防汚性、特に指紋拭き取り性に優れた新規なパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シラン及び/又はその部分加水分解縮合物を主成分とする表面処理剤の硬化皮膜からなる防汚層を有する反射防止フィルターに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般にパーフルオロポリエーテル基含有化合物は、その表面エネルギーが非常に小さいために、撥水撥油性・耐薬品性・潤滑性・離型性・防汚性などを有する。その性質を利用して、工業的には紙・繊維などの撥水撥油防汚剤、磁気記録媒体の滑剤、精密機器の防油剤、離型剤、化粧料、保護膜などに幅広く利用されている。
【0003】
しかし、その性質は同時に他の基材に対する非粘着性、非密着性があることを示しており、基材表面に塗布することはできても、被膜を形成し密着させることは困難であった。
【0004】
一方、ガラスや布などの基材表面と有機化合物とを結合させるものとしては、シランカップリング剤が良く知られている。シランカップリング剤は、1分子中に有機官能基と反応性シリル基(一般にはアルコキシシリル基)を有する。アルコキシシリル基は、空気中の水分などによって自己縮合反応をおこしてシロキサンとなり被膜を形成する。それと同時に、ガラスや金属などの表面と化学的・物理的に結合することによって、耐久性を有する強固な被膜となる。シランカップリング剤はこの性質を利用して各種基材表面のコーティング剤として幅広く利用されている。
【0005】
これらの特徴を生かしたものとして、特開昭58−167597号公報では、下記式(2)
【化3】
(式中、R1、R2は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、Q1はCH2CH2CH2又は
CH2CH2NHCH2CH2CH2、hは1〜4の整数、iは2又は3である。)で示されるフルオロアミノシラン化合物が開示されている。しかしながら、この化合物は、パーフルオロポリエーテル基の部分が、ヘキサフルオロプロピレンオキサイド(HFPO)の2〜5量体と短いため、上記パーフルオロポリエーテル基の持つ特徴を十分に出すことができなかった。
【0006】
また、特開昭58−122979号公報では、ガラス表面の撥水撥油剤として下記式(3)
【化4】
(式中、Rf1は炭素数1〜20個のポリフルオロアルキル基であってエーテル結合を1個以上含んでもよい。R3は水素原子又は低級アルキル基、Aはアルキレン基、X1は−CON(R4)−Q−又はSO2N(R4)−Q−(但し、R4は低級アルキル基、Qは2価の有機基を示す)、Zは低級アルキル基、Yはハロゲン、アルコキシ基又はR5COO−(但し、R5は水素原子又は低級アルキル基を示す)、sは0又は1の整数、tは1〜3の整数、uは0又は1〜2の整数を示す。)
で示される化合物が提示されているが、この場合も含フッ素基の部分の炭素数が1〜20個と少なく、十分な効果が得られていない。
【0007】
特に最近では、建築物の高層化に伴い窓ガラスをメンテナンスフリー化することや、外観や視認性をよくするためにディスプレイの表面に指紋が付きにくくするなど「汚れにくくする」技術や、「汚れを落とし易くする」技術に対する要求は年々高まってきており、これらの要求に応えることのできる材料の開発が望まれていた。
【0008】
上記パーフルオロポリエーテル基含有化合物及びシランカップリング剤の特性を活かし、基材表面に強固な被膜を形成し、撥水撥油性、防汚性、耐薬品性、潤滑性、離型性等に優れた表面処理剤として、下記式(4)で表される含フッ素シラン化合物を防汚層に用いたレンズが知られている(特開平9−258003号公報)。
【0009】
【化5】
(式中、Rf’は炭素数1〜16の直鎖状又は分岐状パーフルオロアルキル基、X’はヨウ素又は水素、Y1は水素又は低級アルキル基、Z1はフッ素又はトリフルオロメチル基、R12は加水分解可能な基、R13は水素又は不活性な一価の有機基、c’、d’及びf’は0〜200の整数、g’は0又は1、p’及びq’は0〜2の整数、k’は1〜10の整数を示す。)
【0010】
しかし、上記一般式(4)で表される含フッ素シラン化合物は、1分子中の加水分解性基の含有割合は比較的多いものの、片末端にしか存在しないことから、特に基材への密着性が不十分で耐久性の点で問題があり、レンズの表面処理剤として利用した場合には、所望の性能を長期間にわたって持続させ得るものではなく適切なものとはいえなかった。
【0011】
また、視認装置等の表面に設けられることが一般的な反射防止膜にあっては、手垢や指紋、汗や唾液、整髪料等の汚染物が付着し易く、その付着で表面反射率が変化したり、付着物が白く浮き出て見えて表示内容が不鮮明になるなど、単なる透明板等の場合に比べて汚染が目立ち易いという難点があるため、かかる汚染物の付着防止性や付着汚染の除去性に優れる反射防止膜の提供が久しい課題となっている。
【0012】
従来、耐汚染性の向上等を目的とした反射防止膜としては、PVD法により形成した二酸化ケイ素を主成分とする表面層を有する単層又は多層の無機物層からなる反射防止層の表面に、有機ポリシロキサン系重合物又はパーフルオロアルキル基含有重合物からなる硬化層を有するものが知られていた(特公平6−5324号公報)。
【0013】
しかしながら、手垢や指紋等の人体的汚染が付着した場合に、ティッシュペーパーなどで拭き取ることが困難で、汚染が薄膜に押し拡げられ、強く擦ると反射防止膜が傷付くため、満足できる除去を達成できないという問題点があった。
【0014】
一般に、パーフルオロポリエーテル基含有化合物は、前述の特徴を有するもので、これらの特徴を生かしたものとして、特開平11−29585号公報では、下記式(5)で示されるパーフルオロポリエーテル変性アミノシランを防汚層に用いた反射防止膜が開示されている。しかし、この反射防止膜は、撥水撥油性、防汚性、耐薬品性、潤滑性、離型性等に優れているものの、防汚層に用いたパーフルオロポリエーテル変性アミノシランの分子中に水との親和性の高いアミド基等の極性基を含有しており、また、1分子中の加水分解性基の割合(重量%)が少ないため、硬化までに時間を要することや、基材への密着性の点などの問題点を有し、表面処理剤として利用する上で更に十分な性能を与えることが望まれた。
【化6】
(式中、X3は加水分解性基、R6は低級アルキル基、R7は水素原子又は低級アルキル基、Q2はCH2CH2CH2又はCH2CH2NHCH2CH2CH2、dは6〜50の整数、eは2又は3、b及びcはそれぞれ1〜3の整数。)
【0015】
また、特開平2001−188102号公報では、下記式(6)で示されるパーフルオロポリエーテル基含有シランカップリング剤を防汚層に用いた反射防止フィルムが開示されており、この防汚層に用いられるパーフルオロポリエーテル基含有シランカップリング剤は、極性基は含有していないものの、1分子中の加水分解性基の割合が十分とは言えず、硬化までに時間を要することや、基材への密着性が劣るなど、表面処理剤として利用する上で十分な性能を有しているとは言えなかった。
【化7】
(但し、Rf2は炭素数1〜16の直鎖状又は分岐状パーフルオロアルキル基、Rは炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、kは1〜50の整数、rは0〜6の整数、jは0〜3の整数、iは0〜3の整数であるが、0<j+i≦6である。)
【0016】
よって、汚染が付着しにくく、かつ汚染が付着した場合にもその汚染が目立ちにくいと共に、手垢や指紋などの人体的汚染も含めて付着した汚染をティッシュペーパー等で容易に拭き取り除去でき、その拭き取り操作で傷付きにくくて、水滴等の付着は容易に振り落とすことができ、しかもかかる耐汚染性や易拭き取り除去性、耐擦傷性や撥水性等の性能を長期に持続する反射防止フィルターの開発が望まれていた。
【0017】
【特許文献1】
特開昭58−167597号公報
【特許文献2】
特開昭58−122979号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平9−258003号公報
【特許文献4】
特公平6−5324号公報
【特許文献5】
特開平11−29585号公報
【特許文献6】
特開平2001−188102号公報
【0018】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明は、上記要望に応えるべく、撥水撥油性、離型性、耐薬品性、潤滑性などに優れ、かつ耐久性、防汚性、特に指紋拭き取り性に優れた新規なパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シラン及び/又はその部分加水分解縮合物を主成分とする表面処理剤の硬化皮膜からなる防汚層を表面に有する反射防止フィルターを提供することを目的とする。
【0019】
【課題を解決するための手段及び発明の実施の形態】
本発明者は、上記要望に応えるために鋭意検討を行った結果、下記一般式(1)
【化8】
(式中、Rfは二価の直鎖型パーフルオロポリエーテル基、Rは炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又はフェニル基、Xは加水分解性基、nは0〜2、mは1〜5の整数、aは2又は3である。)
で表される新規なパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シランが、撥水撥油性、離型性、耐薬品性、潤滑性、耐久性、防汚性、特に指紋拭き取り性に優れており、表面処理剤として利用でき、反射防止フィルターの表面に硬化膜を形成することに適していることを知見し、本発明をなすに至った。
【0020】
また、二酸化ケイ素系無機層を有する無機系反射防止層の表面層上に防汚層を形成すること、この場合、上記式(1)のシランを用いるなどして、防汚層を、オレイン酸に対する転落角が5°以下であり、且つ、溶剤洗浄前の転落角に対する溶剤洗浄後の転落角の変化率が10%以下のものとすることで、表面エネルギーが小さく、汚染物質の付着力が小さい上に、その効果が持続し、また、指紋、皮脂、汗、化粧品などの汚染物質の付着を防止し、また、付着しても容易に拭き取れるようになり、擦過による防汚層の機能低下が少なく、反射防止層表面に傷が付き難く、傷をきっかけとした反射防止層の剥離を防ぐことができる反射防止フィルターが得られることを知見し、本発明をなすに至った。
【0021】
従って、本発明は、上記一般式(1)のパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シラン及び/又はその部分加水分解縮合物を主成分とする表面処理剤の硬化皮膜からなる防汚層を、二酸化ケイ素系無機層を有する無機系反射防止層の表面層上に、オレイン酸に対する転落角が5°以下であり、且つ、溶剤洗浄前の転落角に対する溶剤洗浄後の転落角の変化率が10%以下であるよう形成したことを特徴とする反射防止フィルターを提供する。
【0022】
以下、本発明につき更に詳しく説明する。
本発明のパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シランは、下記一般式(1)で示されるものである。
【0023】
【化9】
(式中、Rfは二価の直鎖型パーフルオロポリエーテル基、Rは炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又はフェニル基、Xは加水分解性基、nは0〜2、mは1〜5の整数、aは2又は3である。)
【0024】
ここで、Rfは、二価の直鎖型パーフルオロポリエーテル基であり、各種鎖長のパーフルオロポリエーテル基が含まれるが、好ましくは炭素数1〜4程度のパーフルオロポリエーテル基を繰返し単位とする二価の直鎖型パーフルオロポリエーテルである。この二価の直鎖型パーフルオロポリエーテルとしては、例えば、以下に示すようなものが挙げられる。
−CF2CF2O(CF2CF2CF2O)kCF2CF2−
−CF2(OC2F4)p−(OCF2)q−
上記化学構造式中のk、p及びqはそれぞれ1以上の整数を示す。具体的には1〜50、より好ましくは10〜40の範囲が好ましい。
なお、パーフルオロポリエーテルの分子構造は、これら例示したものに限定されるものではない。
【0025】
Xは加水分解性基を表す。その具体例としては、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、ブトキシ基などのアルコキシ基、メトキシメトキシ基、メトキシエトキシ基などのアルコキシアルコキシ基、アセトキシ基などのアシロキシ基、イソプロペノキシ基などのアルケニルオキシ基、クロル基、ブロモ基、ヨード基などのハロゲン基などが挙げられる。中でもアルコキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基等のオルガノオキシ基、クロル基が好ましく、特にメトキシ基、エトキシ基、イソプロペノキシ基、クロル基が好ましい。
【0026】
Rは、炭素数1〜4の低級アルキル基又はフェニル基で、具体的にはメチル基、エチル基、フェニル基などであり、中でもメチル基が好適である。
nは0〜2の整数であり、1が好ましい。また、mは1〜5の整数であり、3が好ましい。aは2又は3であり、反応性、基材に対する密着性の観点から、3が好ましい。
【0027】
本発明のパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シラン化合物の分子量は、特に制限されないが、安定性、取扱い易さ等の点から、数平均分子量で500〜2万、好ましくは1000〜1万のものが適当である。
【0028】
上記パーフルオロポリエーテル変性シランの具体例としては、例えば、下記構造式で示されるものが挙げられる。但し、下記例示に限定されるものではない。
【0029】
【化10】
(上記式中、Lは1〜50、pは1〜50、qは1〜50、p+qの和は10〜100の整数であり、式中の繰り返し単位の配列はランダムである。)
これらは1種単独でも2種以上を組み合わせても使用することができる。
【0030】
本発明のパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シランの製造方法としては、例えば、両末端にα−不飽和結合を含有するパーフルオロポリエーテルに加水分解性基を有するヒドロシランを、白金系触媒を用いたヒドロシリル化の常法より付加させる方法がある。
【0031】
【化11】
(式中、Rf、R、X、n、m及びaは前記と同じである。)
【0032】
ここで、上記両末端にα−不飽和結合を含有するパーフルオロポリエーテルの合成方法としては、下記式(7)で表される両末端アルコール変性パーフルオロポリエーテルを、K、Na、Li等のアルカリ金属、KOH、NaOH、LiOH等のアルカリ金属水酸化物と反応させて、式(8)で表される両末端アルコラート変性パーフルオロポリエーテルを生成させ、次にこの両末端アルコラート変性パーフルオロポリエーテルをα−不飽和結合含有ハロゲン化物と反応させることにより得られる。
Rf[(CH2)n−OH]2 (7)
Rf[(CH2)n−OM]2 (8)
(式中、nは前記と同じ、Mはアルカリ金属である。)
【0033】
本発明のパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シランは、分子中に特性面ではマイナス要因となり得る極性基を全く含まないことから、撥水撥油性、防汚性、耐薬品性、潤滑性、離型性等に優れており、各種基材表面にコーティングすることにより表面処理剤として利用することができる。また、分子の両末端に加水分解性のシリル基等の加水分解性基を少なくとも2個ずつ有しており、両末端が基材に強固に密着しているため、その効果を長期間持続させることができる。
【0034】
この機能を利用した応用例として、次のようなものが挙げられる。
撥水撥油剤…紙・布・金属・ガラス・プラスチック・セラミックなど、
離型剤…粘着テープ用・樹脂成形用金型・ロール用など、
防汚加工剤…紙・布・金属・ガラス・プラスチック・セラミックなど、
その他…塗料添加剤、樹脂改質剤、無機質充填材の流動性・分散性を改質、テープ・フィルムなどの潤滑性の向上など。
【0035】
本発明のパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シランは、表面処理剤として好適に用いられ、反射防止フィルターの表面に硬化被膜を形成することができる。本発明の表面処理剤は、本発明の式(1)に示すパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シラン及び/又はその部分加水分解縮合物を主成分とする。
【0036】
この表面処理剤には、必要に応じてオルガノオキシシラン加水分解縮合触媒を添加してもよい。オルガノオキシシラン加水分解縮合触媒としては、ジブチル錫ジメトキシド、ジラウリン酸ジブチル錫などの有機錫化合物、テトラn−ブチルチタネートなどの有機チタン化合物、酢酸、メタンスルホン酸などの有機酸、塩酸、硫酸などの無機酸が挙げられる。特に酢酸、テトラn−ブチルチタネート、ジラウリン酸ジブチル錫などが好ましい。添加量は通常の触媒量であり、パーフルオロポリエーテル変性シラン及び/又はその部分加水分解縮合物100重量部に対して0.01〜5重量部が好ましく、特に0.1〜1重量部が好ましい。
【0037】
また、本発明の処理剤は、パーフルオロポリエーテル変性シラン及び/又はその部分加水分解縮合物をそのまま使用してもよいが、適当な溶剤で希釈して用いてもよい。溶剤は2種以上の混合溶剤でもよく、パーフルオロポリエーテル変性シラン及び/又はその部分加水分解縮合物を、均一に溶解させるものが望ましい。
【0038】
溶剤としては、パーフルオロヘプタン、パーフルオロオクタンなどのフッ素変性脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤、m−キシレンヘキサフロライド、ベンゾトリフロライドなどのフッ素変性芳香族炭化水素系溶剤、メチルパーフルオロブチルエーテル、パーフルオロ(2−ブチルテトラヒドロフラン)などのフッ素変性エーテル系溶剤、パーフルオロトリブチルアミン、パーフルオロトリペンチルアミンなどのフッ素変性アルキルアミン系溶剤、石油ベンジン、ミネラルスピリッツ、トルエン、キシレンなどの炭化水素系溶剤、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトンなどのケトン系溶剤が挙げられる。溶解性、濡れ性などの点で、フッ素変性された溶剤が好ましく、特に、m−キシレンヘキサフロライド、パーフルオロ(2−ブチルテトラヒドロフラン)、パーフルオロトリブチルアミンが好ましい。
【0039】
被膜を形成する方法としては、刷毛塗り、ディッピング、スプレー、蒸着処理など公知の方法で処理できる。処理温度は、処理方法によって最適な温度は異なるが、例えば刷毛塗りやディッピングの場合は、室温から120℃の範囲が好ましい。処理湿度は、加湿下で行うことが反応を促進する上で好ましいが、使用するシラン化合物や他の添加剤によってその都度最適化することが好ましい。
【0040】
被膜を形成する基材としては、紙、布、金属及びその酸化物、ガラス、プラスチック、陶磁器、セラミックなど各種材質のものを用いることができる。
【0041】
ここで、硬化被膜を表面に形成する物品としては、めがねレンズ、反射防止フィルターなど光学部材(指紋、皮脂付着防止コーティング)、浴槽、洗面台のようなサニタリー製品(撥水、防汚コーティング)、自動車、電車、航空機などの窓ガラス、ヘッドランプカバーなど(防汚コーティング)、外壁用建材(撥水、防汚コーティング)、台所用建材(油汚れ防止用コーティング)、電話ボックス(撥水、防汚及び貼り紙防止コーティング)、美術品など(撥水・撥油性、及び指紋付着防止付与のコーティング)、コンパクトディスク、DVD(指紋付着防止コーティング)などが好ましい。特に、レンズ、フィルターなどの光学部材に被膜を形成し、反射防止性、防汚性などを付与するには本発明の表面処理剤は好適である。
【0042】
本発明は、更に反射防止フィルター、特に上記式(1)のパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シラン及び/又はその部分加水分解縮合物の硬化被膜を表面に有する反射防止フィルターを提供する。この場合、本発明の反射防止フィルターは、表面層として二酸化ケイ素系無機層を有する反射防止層の表面に防汚層を形成したもので、前記防汚層として、オレイン酸に対する転落角が5°以下であり、且つ、溶剤洗浄前の転落角に対する溶剤洗浄後の転落角の変化率が10%以下であるものを使用することを特徴とする。
【0043】
ここで、防汚層は、オレイン酸に対する転落角が5°以下、好ましくは3°以下であり、且つ、溶剤洗浄前の転落角に対する溶剤洗浄後の転落角の変化率が10%以下、好ましくは5%以下である。オレイン酸に対する転落角が5°より大きいと、汚染防止性に乏しく、特に指紋等が付着し易く、また汚染の拭き取り性に乏しくなり、また拭き取りの際の表面での滑り性に乏しい場合がある。
【0044】
溶剤洗浄前の転落角Aに対する溶剤洗浄後の転落角Bの変化率[(B−A)/A]×100が10%を超えると、汚染防止性及び指紋拭き取り性に関して、耐久性に乏しい場合がある。なお、オレイン酸に対する転落角は、通常用いられる接触角計で測定する。また、溶剤洗浄は、該当溶剤中に5分間浸漬後、軽く掛流す方法で行ない、溶剤は通常の洗浄で用いられるものでよく、例えば、HCFC−225、ノナフルオロブチルメチルエーテル等が挙げられる。
【0045】
また、防汚層の粘着テープに対する接着力及び溶剤洗浄後の防汚層の粘着テープに対する接着力がそれぞれそれぞれ0.2N/19mm以下であることが好ましい。防汚層の粘着テープに対する接着力が0.2N/19mmより大きいと、指紋拭き取り性に乏しい場合がある。防汚層の粘着テープに対する接着力は、防汚層表面にポリエステル粘着テープで、引張試験機を用いて180°の角度で剥離速度300mm/minで測定する。
【0046】
この場合、防汚層は、パーフルオロポリエーテル変性シランを用いて形成されることが好ましく、特に前述と同様の下記一般式(1)で示されるパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シラン又はその部分加水分解物の硬化皮膜が好ましい。
【化12】
(式中、Rfは二価の直鎖型パーフルオロポリエーテル基、Rは炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又はフェニル基、Xは加水分解性基、nは0〜2、mは1〜5の整数、aは2又は3である。)
【0047】
防汚層を形成する方法としては、刷毛塗り、ディッピング、スプレー、蒸着処理など公知の方法の処理が挙げられる。処理温度は、処理方法によって最適な温度は異なり、例えば刷毛塗りやディッピングの場合は、室温から120℃の範囲が好ましい。処理湿度は、加湿下で行うことが反応を促進する上で好ましいが、使用するシラン化合物や他の添加剤によって処理条件は異なるため、その都度最適化することが好ましい。
【0048】
この様な塗布作業において、パーフルオロポリエーテル変性シランをそのまま使用してもよいが、適当な溶剤で希釈して用いてもよい。溶剤は2種以上の混合溶媒でもよく、パーフルオロポリエーテル変性シランを均一に溶解させるものが好ましい。
【0049】
溶剤としては、上記した溶剤と同様のものを使用することができる。また、更に必要に応じて、上記したものと同様のオルガノオキシシラン加水分解縮合触媒を添加してもよい。
【0050】
なお、防汚層の膜厚は、適宜選定されるが、通常0.1nm〜5μm、特に1〜100nmが好ましい。
【0051】
本発明の反射防止フィルターは、表面層として二酸化ケイ素系無機層を有する無機系反射防止層の表面層上に上記のように防汚層を形成する反射防止フィルターであるが、この場合、無機系反射防止層は、支持基材上に直接又はハードコート層等の中間層を介して設けることが好ましい。図1,2は、これを示すもので、図中1は支持基材、2は中間層、3は無機系反射防止層、4は防汚層である。
【0052】
ここで、無機系反射防止層は、実質的な反射防止機能を担う部分であり、本発明においては、単層構造又は複層構造の適宜な構造とすることができるが、反射防止膜の表面層は二酸化ケイ素系無機層である。
【0053】
従って、無機系反射防止層としては、例えば特開昭58−46301号公報、特開昭59−49501号公報や特開昭58−50401号公報、特開平1−294709号公報や特公平6−5324号公報などに基く従来技術の如く、従来に準じた構造の反射防止層として形成することができる。
【0054】
反射防止層は、反射防止効果等の点より、複層構造とすることが好ましく、特に、表面層の二酸化ケイ素系無機層よりも高い屈折率の層を1層又は2層以上内在させた複層構造とすることが好ましい。その場合、各層の厚さや屈折率の設定等については、公知技術に準じることができる。
【0055】
無機系反射防止層の形成には、無機酸化物、無機ハロゲン化物、それらの複合物等よりなる無機物を用いることができる。その具体例としては、SiO2、ZrO2、Al2O3、Y2O3、TiO2等の無機酸化物、MgF2、BaF2、CaF2、LaF2、LiF、NaF、SrF2等の無機ハロゲン化物などが代表例として挙げられる。
【0056】
反射防止層を形成する無機物は、下記の形成方法などに応じてその1種又は2種以上が固体物、あるいはバインダー用ポリマー等と混合した分散液などの適宜の状態で用いられるが、その場合、無機物を30重量%以上含有する組成で用いることが、硬度や耐汚染性などの点より好ましい。なお、バインダー用ポリマーとしては、適宜のポリマーを用いることができ、特に限定はないが、硬度等の点より、ポリオルガノシロキサンを形成しうる各種の有機ケイ素化合物やその加水分解物などが好ましい。
【0057】
無機系反射防止層の形成は、例えば真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法、イオンプレーティング法等で代表される各種のPVD(Phisical Vapor Deposition)法、あるいはスピンコート法、浸漬コート法、カーテンフローコート法、ロールコート法、スプレーコート法、流し塗り法等で代表される流体塗布法などの適宜な薄膜形成法にて行うことができる。
【0058】
PVD法には、上記に例示したSiO2等の無機酸化物やMgF2等の無機ハロゲン化物などが好ましく用いられ、特に表面層となる二酸化ケイ素系無機層は、表面硬度の高さや防汚層の密着性などの点より、PVD法により二酸化ケイ素を主成分として含有する層に形成したものが好ましい。
【0059】
また、無機系反射防止層には、帯電によるゴミ等の付着を防止するために静電気の除去効果や電磁波のシールド効果も発揮する導電層を含ませてもよい。かかる導電層は、例えば金、銀、アルミニウム等の金属薄膜、酸化スズ、酸化インジウム、それらの混合物(ITO)等の無機酸化物薄膜などからなる透明導電膜として形成される。可視領域では、光の吸収が極めて少ない無機酸化物系の透明導電膜が特に好ましい。
【0060】
一方、支持基材としては適宜なものを用いてよく、特に限定はないが、液状コーティング法等で反射防止膜を形成する場合などには、ガラスやプラスチックからなる支持基材が好ましく用いられる。なお、図では、支持基材1の片面に無機系反射防止層3を設けてなる反射防止フィルターを例示したが、支持基材1の片面又は両面に無機系反射防止層3を設けてもよい。
【0061】
支持基材がガラス基材の場合には、反射防止層にMgF2やCaF2等の低屈折率を示すものを含ませることが、高い反射効果を得る点などより好ましい。またプラスチック基材の場合には、反射防止層にSiO2のような屈折率が比較的低くて硬度の高いものを含ませることが、耐久性などの点より好ましい。プラスチックの例としては、例えば、アクリル系樹脂、ジエチレングリコールビスアリルカーボネート樹脂、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレートや不飽和ポリエステル等のポリエステル系樹脂、トリアセチルセルロース等のアセテート系樹脂、スチレン系樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル系樹脂などが挙げられる。
【0062】
支持基材は、フィルム、シート及び板等の適宜な形態を有するものであってよく、その厚さは任意である。また支持基材は、中間層としてハードコート層を有するものであってもよい。この場合には、図2に例示のように、反射防止層3と支持基材1の間にハードコート層2を有する形態の反射防止フィルターとなる。
【0063】
ハードコート層も従来に準じて形成することができる。例えば、有機ケイ素化合物、特に下記一般式(9)で示される有機ケイ素化合物やその部分加水分解縮合物の硬化物からなるハードコート層が好ましい。
R9 fR10 gSi(OR11)4-f-g (9)
(式中、R9、R10はアルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、又はハロゲン基、エポキシ基、グリシドキシ基、アミノ基、メルカプト基、メタクリルオキシ基、シアノ基等を有する炭化水素基などであり、R11は炭素数1〜8のアルキル基、アルコキシアルキル基、アシル基、又はアリール基などである。f、gは0又は1であり、f+gは、0,1又は2である。)
【0064】
ハードコート層は、例えばゾル−ゲル法などにより平均粒径が0.5〜5μmのシリカや金属酸化物などの微粒子を含有させる方法、あるいはバフ、コロナ放電、イオンエッチングの如き適宜な方法で、中心線平均粗さが0.01〜0.5μmの凹凸表面とする方式などにより、防眩機能を有するものとして付設することもできる。
【0065】
更に、支持基材は、中間層として、ハードコート層に代えて、あるいはハードコート層と共に、例えば反射防止膜の密着性、硬度や耐薬品性、耐久性や染色性等の向上などを目的に、適宜なコート層を有したり、表面処理されたものなどであってもよい。
【0066】
なお、硬度の向上には、特公昭50−28092号公報、特公昭50−28446号公報、特公昭50−39449号公報、特公昭51−24368号公報、特公昭57−2735号公報や特開昭52−112698号公報などに記載された高硬度化用の適宜な材料を用いうる。また、チタン、アルミニウム、スズ等の金属又はケイ素の酸化物をコーティングする方法や、(メタ)アクリル酸のペンタエリトリトール等による架橋体などのアクリル系架橋体の付設なども硬度の向上に有効である。
【0067】
【実施例】
以下、合成例、実施例及び比較例を示し、本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に制限されるものではない。なお、下記の例において部は重量部を示す。
【0068】
[合成例]
下記式(10)で表される両末端にα−不飽和結合を有するパーフルオロポリエーテル160g、メタキシレンヘキサフロライド80gと塩化白金酸をCH2=CH−Si(CH3)2OSi(CH3)2−CH=CH2で変性した触媒0.1gに70℃乾燥エアー雰囲気下でトリメトキシシラン15gを滴下し、8時間撹拌反応させた後、溶媒を留去したところ、下記式(11)で示される無色透明の液体165g(粘度:45.5cSt、比重:1.730、屈折率:1.305)が得られた。
【化13】
【0069】
[実施例1]
PETフィルム(厚さ:100μm)基材上に、シリカゾル135重量部、γ−グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン129重量部の加水分解物、γ−クロロプロピルトリメトキシシラン70重量部の加水分解物を主としてなるエタノール溶液に塗布、硬化して、厚さ3μmのハードコート層を形成した。その上にスパッタリング方式で、SiO2層、TiO2層、SiO2層、TiO2層、SiO2層の5層をそれぞれλ/4光学膜厚で順次積層して反射防止層を付設した。
次に合成例で得られた上記式(11)で表される化合物1のパーフルオロエーテル変性シラン0.2gをパーフルオロ(2−ブチルテトラヒドロフラン)99.8gに溶解させ、コーティング溶液を調製した。この処理液を前記の反射防止層にスピンコート法で塗工し、25℃、湿度70%の雰囲気下で24時間放置して硬化させ防汚層を形成させた。この試料片を用いて、下記(1)〜(3)の評価を行なった。結果を表1に示す。
【0070】
(1)表面特性の評価
▲1▼転落角
接触角計(協和界面科学社製CA−A型)を用いて、直径2mmの大きさからなるオレイン酸液滴の防汚層に対する転落角を測定した。表面上の異なる5ヶ所にて測定を行ない、その平均値で示した。
▲2▼接着力
防汚層表面にポリエステル粘着テープ(日東電工社製No.31B、幅19mm)を貼り、その接着力を測定した。測定は引張試験機を用いて180°の角度で剥離速度300mm/minで行った。
(2)被膜の耐久性の評価
試料片をフッ素系溶剤(旭ガラス社製AK−225)に5分間浸漬後取出し乾燥したのち、上記測定▲1▼及び▲2▼で示した方法で転落角及び接着力を測定して耐久性の評価とした。
(3)防汚性の評価
防汚層表面に人差し指を5秒間押し当てて指紋を付着させた後、その指紋を乾いた布で拭き取った時の指紋の拭き取り易さを評価した。以下の評価基準により、被験者5人の平均をその評価とした。
指紋の拭き取り易さ
○:指紋を軽く拭き取ることができる
△:指紋は拭き取りにくいが跡は残らない
×:指紋は拭き取りにくく跡も残る
【0071】
[比較例1〜3]
実施例で用いた化合物1のパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シランのかわりに、下記化合物2〜4を用いた他は、実施例と同様の方法で評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
【0072】
【化14】
【0073】
【表1】
【0074】
実施例は、比較例以上の表面特性を有し、かつ、耐久性、指紋拭き取り性に優れている。
【0075】
【発明の効果】
本発明におけるパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シランは、分子中に特性面ではマイナス要因となり得る極性基を含まないことから、撥水撥油性、離型性、耐薬品性、潤滑性、耐久性、防汚性、指紋拭き取り性に優れており、各種基材表面にコーティングする表面処理剤として利用することができ、硬化被膜を表面に形成した反射防止フィルターに応用することができる。また、本発明の反射防止フィルターは、汚れにくく、その汚れを拭き取り易く、表面の滑り性が良好で傷付きにくく、それらの性能を長期にするなどの特徴を有して、例えばLCD等の各種の視認装置類や偏光板等の各種の光学素子類に用いることができる。
【0076】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る反射防止フィルターの一例を示す断面図である。
【図2】本発明に係る反射防止フィルターの他の例を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 支持基材
2 中間層
3 無機系反射防止層
4 防汚層[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a novel perfluoropolyether-modified silane having excellent water and oil repellency, mold release, chemical resistance, lubricity, etc., and durability, antifouling properties, and particularly excellent fingerprint wiping properties, and/ Or its partially hydrolyzed condensateSurface treatment agentConsisting of a cured film ofThe present invention relates to an antireflection filter having an antifouling layer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, a perfluoropolyether group-containing compound has water and oil repellency, chemical resistance, lubricity, releasability, antifouling property and the like because its surface energy is very small. Utilizing its properties, it is widely used industrially for water and oil repellent and antifouling agents such as paper and textiles, lubricants for magnetic recording media, oilproofing agents for precision equipment, mold release agents, cosmetics and protective films. ing.
[0003]
However, its properties indicate that it is non-adhesive and non-adhesive to other substrates at the same time, and even if it can be applied to the surface of the substrate, it was difficult to form and adhere to the film. .
[0004]
On the other hand, silane coupling agents are well known as materials for bonding a substrate surface such as glass or cloth to an organic compound. The silane coupling agent has an organic functional group and a reactive silyl group (generally an alkoxysilyl group) in one molecule. The alkoxysilyl group undergoes a self-condensation reaction with moisture in the air to form siloxane and form a film. At the same time, a strong and durable coating is obtained by chemically and physically bonding to the surface of glass or metal. Silane coupling agents are widely used as coating agents for various substrate surfaces using this property.
[0005]
As a technique utilizing these characteristics, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-167597 discloses the following formula (2):
[Chemical Formula 3]
(Wherein R1, R2Is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Q1Is CH2CH2CH2Or
CH2CH2NHCH2CH2CH2, H is an integer of 1 to 4, and i is 2 or 3. ) Is disclosed. However, since this compound has a short portion of perfluoropolyether group, which is as short as 2 to 5 mer of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO), the characteristics of the perfluoropolyether group could not be sufficiently obtained. .
[0006]
JP-A-58-122979 discloses the following formula (3) as a water / oil repellent agent on the glass surface.
[Formula 4]
(Where Rf1Is a polyfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and may contain one or more ether bonds. RThreeIs a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, A is an alkylene group, X1Is -CON (RFour) -Q- or SO2N (RFour) -Q- (however, RFourIs a lower alkyl group, Q is a divalent organic group), Z is a lower alkyl group, Y is a halogen, an alkoxy group or RFiveCOO- (however, RFiveRepresents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group), s represents an integer of 0 or 1, t represents an integer of 1 to 3, and u represents an integer of 0 or 1 or 2. )
In this case, too, the fluorine-containing part has as few as 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a sufficient effect is not obtained.
[0007]
In particular, recently, with the rise in building height, maintenance-free windows have been made, and the display surface has been improved by making it difficult to get fingerprints on the display surface to improve its appearance and visibility. The demand for technology that makes it easy to drop is increasing year by year, and the development of materials that can meet these requirements has been desired.
[0008]
Utilizing the properties of the above-mentioned perfluoropolyether group-containing compound and silane coupling agent, it forms a strong film on the surface of the base material, making it water and oil repellency, antifouling, chemical resistance, lubricity, releasability, etc. As an excellent surface treating agent, a lens using a fluorine-containing silane compound represented by the following formula (4) in an antifouling layer is known (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-258003).
[0009]
[Chemical formula 5]
Wherein Rf ′ is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, X ′ is iodine or hydrogen, Y1Is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, Z1Is a fluorine or trifluoromethyl group, R12Is a hydrolyzable group, R13Is hydrogen or an inert monovalent organic group, c ′, d ′ and f ′ are integers of 0 to 200, g ′ is 0 or 1, p ′ and q ′ are integers of 0 to 2, and k ′ is 1. An integer of -10 is shown. )
[0010]
However, the fluorine-containing silane compound represented by the above general formula (4) has a relatively large hydrolyzable group content in one molecule, but is present only at one end, so that it particularly adheres to the substrate. However, when used as a surface treatment agent for a lens, the desired performance cannot be sustained over a long period of time and cannot be said to be appropriate.
[0011]
In addition, anti-reflective coatings that are generally provided on the surface of visual devices and the like are likely to adhere to contaminants such as dirt, fingerprints, sweat, saliva, hairdressing, etc., and the surface reflectance changes due to such adhesion. Or the attached contents appear to be white and the display content is unclear. Providing an antireflection film having excellent properties has been a long-standing problem.
[0012]
Conventionally, as an antireflection film for the purpose of improving contamination resistance, etc., on the surface of an antireflection layer comprising a single layer or a multilayer inorganic layer having a surface layer mainly composed of silicon dioxide formed by the PVD method, Those having a cured layer made of an organic polysiloxane polymer or a perfluoroalkyl group-containing polymer have been known (Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-5324).
[0013]
However, when human contamination such as hand dirt or fingerprints adheres, it is difficult to wipe off with tissue paper etc., the contamination is spread on the thin film, and when rubbed strongly, the anti-reflection film is damaged, so satisfactory removal is achieved There was a problem that it was not possible.
[0014]
In general, a perfluoropolyether group-containing compound has the above-mentioned characteristics, and in order to take advantage of these characteristics, JP-A-11-29585 discloses a perfluoropolyether-modified compound represented by the following formula (5). An antireflection film using aminosilane as an antifouling layer is disclosed. However, this antireflection film is excellent in water and oil repellency, antifouling properties, chemical resistance, lubricity, releasability, etc., but in the molecule of perfluoropolyether modified aminosilane used for the antifouling layer. It contains polar groups such as amide groups that have a high affinity for water, and since the ratio (wt%) of hydrolyzable groups in one molecule is small, it takes time to cure, Therefore, it has been desired to provide sufficient performance when used as a surface treatment agent.
[Chemical 6]
(Where XThreeIs a hydrolyzable group, R6Is a lower alkyl group, R7Is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, Q2Is CH2CH2CH2Or CH2CH2NHCH2CH2CH2, D is an integer of 6-50, e is 2 or 3, b and c are integers of 1-3, respectively. )
[0015]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-188102 discloses an antireflection film using a perfluoropolyether group-containing silane coupling agent represented by the following formula (6) as an antifouling layer. Although the perfluoropolyether group-containing silane coupling agent used does not contain polar groups, it cannot be said that the ratio of hydrolyzable groups in one molecule is sufficient, and it takes time to cure, It cannot be said that it has sufficient performance for use as a surface treatment agent, such as poor adhesion to the material.
[Chemical 7]
(However, Rf2Is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, R is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, k is an integer of 1 to 50, r is an integer of 0 to 6, j is 0 to 3 I is an integer from 0 to 3, but 0 <j + i ≦ 6. )
[0016]
Therefore, the contamination is difficult to adhere to, and even if the contamination is attached, the contamination is not conspicuous, and the attached contamination including human contamination such as hand stains and fingerprints can be easily wiped off with a tissue paper, etc. Development of anti-reflective filters that are resistant to scratches and can be easily shaken off with water droplets, and that maintain such long-lasting performance as stain resistance, easy wiping removal, scratch resistance and water repellency. Was desired.
[0017]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 58-167597 A
[Patent Document 2]
JP 58-122979 A
[Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-258003
[Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-5324
[Patent Document 5]
JP-A-11-29585
[Patent Document 6]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-188102
[0018]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in order to meet the above-mentioned demands, the present invention is a novel perfluorocarbon that is excellent in water and oil repellency, releasability, chemical resistance, lubricity, etc., and has excellent durability, antifouling properties, and particularly fingerprint wiping properties. Polyether-modified silanes and/ Or its partially hydrolyzed condensateSurface treatment agentConsisting of a cured film ofAn object is to provide an antireflection filter having an antifouling layer on its surface.
[0019]
Means for Solving the Problem and Embodiment of the Invention
As a result of intensive studies to meet the above demand, the present inventor has found that the following general formula (1)
[Chemical 8]
(Wherein Rf is a divalent linear perfluoropolyether group, R is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl group, X is a hydrolyzable group, n is 0 to 2, and m is 1 to 5) , A is 2 or 3.)
The new perfluoropolyether-modified silane represented by is excellent in water and oil repellency, releasability, chemical resistance, lubricity, durability, antifouling property, especially fingerprint wiping, and as a surface treatment agent It has been found that it can be used and is suitable for forming a cured film on the surface of an antireflection filter, and has led to the present invention.
[0020]
In addition, an antifouling layer is formed on the surface layer of the inorganic antireflection layer having the silicon dioxide inorganic layer, and in this case, the antifouling layer is formed by using silane of the above formula (1), etc. And the change rate of the falling angle after solvent cleaning with respect to the falling angle before solvent cleaning is 10% or less, the surface energy is small and the adhesion of pollutants is reduced. In addition to being small, its effect lasts and prevents the adhesion of contaminants such as fingerprints, sebum, sweat, cosmetics, etc., and even if it adheres, it can be easily wiped off, and the function of the antifouling layer by rubbing The inventors have found that an antireflection filter is obtained that is less likely to be deteriorated, hardly scratches on the surface of the antireflection layer, and can prevent peeling of the antireflection layer triggered by the scratch, and has led to the present invention.
[0021]
Therefore, the present invention provides the above general formula (1).The pa-Surface treatment agent mainly composed of fluoropolyether-modified silane and / or its partially hydrolyzed condensateTwo antifouling layers consisting ofOn the surface layer of the inorganic antireflection layer having a silicon oxide-based inorganic layer, the falling angle with respect to oleic acid is 5 ° or less, and the change rate of the falling angle after solvent cleaning with respect to the falling angle before solvent cleaning is 10 % Or lessLikeAn antireflection filter characterized by being formed is provided.
[0022]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
The perfluoropolyether-modified silane of the present invention is represented by the following general formula (1).
[0023]
[Chemical 9]
(In the formula, Rf is a divalent linear perfluoropolyether group, R is an alkyl group or phenyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X is a hydrolyzable group, n is 0 to 2, and m is 1 to 5) , A is 2 or 3.)
[0024]
Here, Rf is a divalent linear perfluoropolyether group, including perfluoropolyether groups of various chain lengths, preferably repeating a perfluoropolyether group having about 1 to 4 carbon atoms. It is a divalent linear perfluoropolyether as a unit. Examples of the divalent linear perfluoropolyether include those shown below.
-CF2CF2O (CF2CF2CF2O)kCF2CF2−
-CF2(OC2FFour)p-(OCF2)q−
K, p, and q in the above chemical structural formula each represent an integer of 1 or more. Specifically, a range of 1 to 50, more preferably 10 to 40 is preferable.
The molecular structure of perfluoropolyether is not limited to those exemplified.
[0025]
X represents a hydrolyzable group. Specific examples thereof include alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group and butoxy group, alkoxyalkoxy groups such as methoxymethoxy group and methoxyethoxy group, acyloxy groups such as acetoxy group, alkenyloxy groups such as isopropenoxy group, And halogen groups such as chloro group, bromo group, and iodo group. Of these, organooxy groups such as alkoxy groups and alkenyloxy groups, and chloro groups are preferable, and methoxy groups, ethoxy groups, isopropenoxy groups, and chloro groups are particularly preferable.
[0026]
R is a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, specifically a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, or the like. Among them, a methyl group is preferable.
n is an integer of 0 to 2, and 1 is preferable. Moreover, m is an integer of 1-5, and 3 is preferable. a is 2 or 3, and 3 is preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity and adhesion to a substrate.
[0027]
The molecular weight of the perfluoropolyether-modified silane compound of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of stability, ease of handling, etc., a number average molecular weight of 500 to 20,000, preferably 1000 to 10,000 is appropriate. is there.
[0028]
Specific examples of the perfluoropolyether-modified silane include those represented by the following structural formula. However, it is not limited to the following illustration.
[0029]
[Chemical Formula 10]
(In the above formula, L is 1 to 50, p is 1 to 50, q is 1 to 50, the sum of p + q is an integer of 10 to 100, and the arrangement of repeating units in the formula is random.)
These can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
[0030]
The method for producing the perfluoropolyether-modified silane of the present invention includes, for example, hydrosilylation of hydrosilane having hydrolyzable groups in perfluoropolyether containing α-unsaturated bonds at both ends using a platinum-based catalyst. There is a method of adding the conventional method.
[0031]
Embedded image
(In the formula, Rf, R, X, n, m and a are the same as described above.)
[0032]
Here, as a method for synthesizing the perfluoropolyether containing α-unsaturated bonds at both ends, the both-end alcohol-modified perfluoropolyether represented by the following formula (7) is used as K, Na, Li, etc. Is reacted with an alkali metal hydroxide such as KOH, NaOH, LiOH or the like to produce a both-end alcoholate-modified perfluoropolyether represented by the formula (8), and then the both-end alcoholate-modified perfluoropolyether. It is obtained by reacting a polyether with a halide containing an α-unsaturated bond.
Rf [(CH2)n-OH]2 (7)
Rf [(CH2)n-OM]2 (8)
(In the formula, n is the same as described above, and M is an alkali metal.)
[0033]
The perfluoropolyether-modified silane of the present invention does not contain any polar group that can be a negative factor in the molecule in terms of characteristics, so that it has water and oil repellency, antifouling properties, chemical resistance, lubricity, releasability, etc. It can be used as a surface treating agent by coating on the surface of various substrates. In addition, it has at least two hydrolyzable groups such as hydrolyzable silyl groups at both ends of the molecule, and both ends are firmly adhered to the base material, so that the effect is maintained for a long time. be able to.
[0034]
Examples of applications utilizing this function include the following.
Water / oil repellent ... paper, cloth, metal, glass, plastic, ceramic, etc.
Mold release agent: For adhesive tape, resin mold, roll, etc.
Antifouling agent ... paper, cloth, metal, glass, plastic, ceramic, etc.
Others: Improvement of fluidity and dispersibility of paint additives, resin modifiers and inorganic fillers, and improved lubricity of tapes and films.
[0035]
The perfluoropolyether-modified silane of the present invention is suitably used as a surface treatment agent, and can form a cured film on the surface of an antireflection filter. The surface treating agent of the present invention contains a perfluoropolyether-modified silane and / or a partially hydrolyzed condensate thereof represented by the formula (1) of the present invention as a main component.
[0036]
An organooxysilane hydrolysis condensation catalyst may be added to the surface treatment agent as necessary. Examples of the organooxysilane hydrolysis condensation catalyst include organic tin compounds such as dibutyltin dimethoxide and dibutyltin dilaurate, organic titanium compounds such as tetra n-butyl titanate, organic acids such as acetic acid and methanesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and the like. An inorganic acid is mentioned. In particular, acetic acid, tetra n-butyl titanate, dibutyltin dilaurate and the like are preferable. The addition amount is a normal catalyst amount, preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, particularly 0.1 to 1 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of perfluoropolyether-modified silane and / or its partial hydrolysis condensate. preferable.
[0037]
In addition, the treatment agent of the present invention may use perfluoropolyether-modified silane and / or a partially hydrolyzed condensate thereof as it is, but may be diluted with an appropriate solvent. The solvent may be a mixed solvent of two or more, and is preferably a solvent that uniformly dissolves the perfluoropolyether-modified silane and / or its partial hydrolysis condensate.
[0038]
Solvents include fluorine-modified aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as perfluoroheptane and perfluorooctane, fluorine-modified aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as m-xylene hexafluoride and benzotrifluoride, methyl perfluorobutyl ether, Fluorine-modified ether solvents such as fluoro (2-butyltetrahydrofuran), fluorine-modified alkylamine solvents such as perfluorotributylamine and perfluorotripentylamine, hydrocarbon solvents such as petroleum benzine, mineral spirits, toluene and xylene, Examples thereof include ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone. From the viewpoint of solubility and wettability, a fluorine-modified solvent is preferable, and m-xylene hexafluoride, perfluoro (2-butyltetrahydrofuran), and perfluorotributylamine are particularly preferable.
[0039]
As a method for forming the film, it can be processed by a known method such as brushing, dipping, spraying or vapor deposition. The optimum treatment temperature varies depending on the treatment method. For example, in the case of brush coating or dipping, the treatment temperature is preferably in the range of room temperature to 120 ° C. The treatment humidity is preferably carried out under humidification in order to promote the reaction, but is preferably optimized each time depending on the silane compound and other additives used.
[0040]
As the base material for forming the coating, various materials such as paper, cloth, metal and oxide thereof, glass, plastic, ceramics, ceramics can be used.
[0041]
Here, optical articles such as eyeglass lenses and antireflection filters (fingerprints, sebum adhesion prevention coating), sanitary products such as bathtubs and washstands (water repellent and antifouling coating), Window glass for automobiles, trains, airplanes, headlamp covers, etc. (antifouling coating), building materials for exterior walls (water repellent, antifouling coating), kitchen building materials (coating for preventing oil stains), telephone boxes (water repellent, antifouling) Antifouling and anti-sticking coatings), fine arts (coating for imparting water and oil repellency and fingerprint adhesion prevention), compact discs, DVD (fingerprint adhesion prevention coating) and the like are preferred. In particular, the surface treatment agent of the present invention is suitable for forming a film on an optical member such as a lens and a filter and imparting antireflection properties and antifouling properties.
[0042]
The present invention further provides an antireflection filter, particularly an antireflection filter having a cured film of the perfluoropolyether-modified silane of the above formula (1) and / or a partially hydrolyzed condensate thereof on the surface. In this case, the antireflection filter of the present invention is a surface in which an antifouling layer is formed on the surface of the antireflection layer having a silicon dioxide-based inorganic layer as the surface layer, and the tumbling angle with respect to oleic acid is 5 ° as the antifouling layer. The following is used, and the change rate of the falling angle after the solvent cleaning with respect to the falling angle before the solvent cleaning is 10% or less.
[0043]
Here, the antifouling layer has a tumbling angle with respect to oleic acid of 5 ° or less, preferably 3 ° or less, and a rate of change of the tumbling angle after solvent cleaning with respect to the tumbling angle before solvent cleaning is preferably 10% or less. Is 5% or less. When the tumbling angle with respect to oleic acid is larger than 5 °, the anti-contamination property is poor, especially fingerprints are easily attached, the wiping property of the contamination is poor, and the slipping property on the surface during wiping may be poor. .
[0044]
When the rate of change [(BA) / A] × 100 of the falling angle B after the solvent cleaning with respect to the falling angle A before the solvent cleaning exceeds 10%, the durability with respect to the anti-contamination property and the fingerprint wiping property is poor. There is. In addition, the sliding angle with respect to oleic acid is measured with a contact angle meter that is usually used. Moreover, solvent washing is performed by a method of gently pouring after immersing in the solvent for 5 minutes, and the solvent may be used in ordinary washing, and examples thereof include HCFC-225 and nonafluorobutyl methyl ether.
[0045]
Moreover, it is preferable that the adhesive force with respect to the adhesive tape of an antifouling layer and the adhesive force with respect to the adhesive tape of the antifouling layer after solvent washing | cleaning are 0.2 N / 19mm or less, respectively. If the adhesion of the antifouling layer to the adhesive tape is greater than 0.2 N / 19 mm, the fingerprint wiping property may be poor. The adhesion force of the antifouling layer to the pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is measured with a polyester pressure-sensitive adhesive tape on the surface of the antifouling layer and using a tensile tester at an angle of 180 ° and a peeling speed of 300 mm / min.
[0046]
In this case, the antifouling layer is preferably formed using a perfluoropolyether-modified silane, and in particular, the same perfluoropolyether-modified silane represented by the following general formula (1) as described above or a partial hydrolyzate thereof. The cured film is preferred.
Embedded image
(Wherein Rf is a divalent linear perfluoropolyether group, R is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl group, X is a hydrolyzable group, n is 0 to 2, and m is 1 to 5) , A is 2 or 3.)
[0047]
Examples of the method for forming the antifouling layer include known methods such as brushing, dipping, spraying, and vapor deposition. The optimum treatment temperature varies depending on the treatment method. For example, in the case of brush coating or dipping, the treatment temperature is preferably in the range of room temperature to 120 ° C. The treatment humidity is preferably carried out under humidification in order to promote the reaction. However, since the treatment conditions differ depending on the silane compound and other additives used, the treatment humidity is preferably optimized each time.
[0048]
In such a coating operation, perfluoropolyether-modified silane may be used as it is, or may be diluted with an appropriate solvent. The solvent may be a mixed solvent of two or more, and is preferably a solvent that uniformly dissolves the perfluoropolyether-modified silane.
[0049]
As the solvent, the same solvents as those described above can be used. Further, if necessary, the same organooxysilane hydrolysis condensation catalyst as described above may be added.
[0050]
In addition, although the film thickness of an antifouling layer is selected suitably, it is 0.1 nm-5 micrometers normally, and 1-100 nm is especially preferable.
[0051]
The antireflection filter of the present invention is an antireflection filter that forms an antifouling layer as described above on the surface layer of an inorganic antireflection layer having a silicon dioxide-based inorganic layer as a surface layer. The antireflection layer is preferably provided directly on the support substrate or via an intermediate layer such as a hard coat layer. 1 and 2 show this, in which 1 is a supporting substrate, 2 is an intermediate layer, 3 is an inorganic antireflection layer, and 4 is an antifouling layer.
[0052]
Here, the inorganic antireflection layer is a part having a substantial antireflection function. In the present invention, the inorganic antireflection layer can have an appropriate structure of a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure. The layer is a silicon dioxide based inorganic layer.
[0053]
Accordingly, examples of the inorganic antireflection layer include, for example, JP-A-58-46301, JP-A-59-49501, JP-A-58-50401, JP-A-1-294709, and JP-B-6-6. As in the prior art based on Japanese Patent No. 5324, the antireflection layer can be formed as a conventional structure.
[0054]
The antireflection layer preferably has a multilayer structure from the viewpoint of the antireflection effect and the like, and in particular, a multi-layer structure in which one or two or more layers having a refractive index higher than that of the silicon dioxide-based inorganic layer on the surface layer are included. A layer structure is preferable. In that case, the thickness and refractive index of each layer can be set according to known techniques.
[0055]
For the formation of the inorganic antireflection layer, an inorganic material composed of an inorganic oxide, an inorganic halide, a composite thereof, or the like can be used. Specific examples thereof include SiO.2, ZrO2, Al2OThree, Y2OThreeTiO2Inorganic oxides such as MgF2, BaF2, CaF2, LaF2, LiF, NaF, SrF2Inorganic halides such as are typical examples.
[0056]
The inorganic material forming the antireflection layer is used in an appropriate state such as a dispersion in which one or more of the inorganic materials are mixed with a solid material or a binder polymer depending on the formation method described below. In addition, it is preferable to use a composition containing 30% by weight or more of an inorganic substance from the viewpoints of hardness and stain resistance. In addition, as a polymer for binders, an appropriate polymer can be used, and there is no particular limitation. However, various organosilicon compounds that can form polyorganosiloxane and hydrolysates thereof are preferable from the viewpoint of hardness and the like.
[0057]
The inorganic antireflection layer is formed by, for example, various PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) methods represented by a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, etc., or a spin coating method, a dip coating method, a curtain flow coating method, It can be performed by an appropriate thin film forming method such as a fluid coating method typified by a roll coating method, a spray coating method, a flow coating method or the like.
[0058]
In the PVD method, the SiO exemplified above is used.2Inorganic oxides such as MgF2Inorganic halides such as the above are preferably used, and the silicon dioxide-based inorganic layer as the surface layer in particular contains silicon dioxide as a main component by the PVD method from the viewpoint of high surface hardness and adhesion of the antifouling layer. What was formed in the layer is preferable.
[0059]
In addition, the inorganic antireflection layer may include a conductive layer that also exhibits the effect of removing static electricity and the effect of shielding electromagnetic waves in order to prevent adhesion of dust and the like due to charging. Such a conductive layer is formed as a transparent conductive film made of a metal thin film such as gold, silver, or aluminum, an inorganic oxide thin film such as tin oxide, indium oxide, or a mixture thereof (ITO). In the visible region, an inorganic oxide transparent conductive film that absorbs very little light is particularly preferable.
[0060]
On the other hand, an appropriate support substrate may be used, and is not particularly limited. However, when an antireflection film is formed by a liquid coating method or the like, a support substrate made of glass or plastic is preferably used. In the figure, the antireflection filter in which the
[0061]
When the supporting substrate is a glass substrate, MgF is used as the antireflection layer.2And CaF2It is more preferable to include a material having a low refractive index such as a high reflection effect. In the case of a plastic substrate, the antireflection layer is made of SiO.2From the viewpoint of durability, it is preferable to include a material having a relatively low refractive index and a high hardness. Examples of plastics include, for example, acrylic resins, diethylene glycol bisallyl carbonate resins, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate and unsaturated polyester, acetate resins such as triacetyl cellulose, styrene resins, and polyvinyl chloride. Based resins and the like.
[0062]
The support substrate may have an appropriate form such as a film, a sheet, and a plate, and the thickness thereof is arbitrary. Moreover, the support base material may have a hard coat layer as an intermediate layer. In this case, as illustrated in FIG. 2, an antireflection filter having a
[0063]
The hard coat layer can also be formed according to conventional methods. For example, a hard coat layer composed of a cured product of an organosilicon compound, particularly an organosilicon compound represented by the following general formula (9) or a partially hydrolyzed condensate thereof is preferable.
R9 fRTen gSi (OR11)4-fg (9)
(Wherein R9, RTenIs an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, or a hydrocarbon group having a halogen group, an epoxy group, a glycidoxy group, an amino group, a mercapto group, a methacryloxy group, a cyano group, etc., and R11Is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group, an acyl group, or an aryl group. f and g are 0 or 1, and f + g is 0, 1 or 2. )
[0064]
The hard coat layer is formed by a suitable method such as buffing, corona discharge, ion etching, or the like by adding fine particles such as silica or metal oxide having an average particle size of 0.5 to 5 μm, for example, by a sol-gel method. It can also be provided as having an antiglare function, for example, by a system having an uneven surface with a center line average roughness of 0.01 to 0.5 μm.
[0065]
Furthermore, the support substrate is used as an intermediate layer, instead of the hard coat layer, or together with the hard coat layer, for example, for the purpose of improving the adhesion, hardness, chemical resistance, durability, dyeability, etc. of the antireflection film. It may have an appropriate coat layer or may be surface-treated.
[0066]
For improving the hardness, Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-28092, Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-28446, Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-39449, Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-24368, Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-2735 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-2735 are disclosed. An appropriate material for increasing the hardness described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-112698 can be used. In addition, a method of coating an oxide of a metal such as titanium, aluminum, tin or silicon or a silicon oxide, or the addition of an acrylic cross-linked product such as a cross-linked product of pentaerythritol of (meth) acrylic acid is also effective for improving the hardness. .
[0067]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although a synthesis example, an Example, and a comparative example are shown and this invention is demonstrated concretely, this invention is not restrict | limited to the following Example. In the following examples, parts indicate parts by weight.
[0068]
[Synthesis example]
160 g of perfluoropolyether having an α-unsaturated bond at both ends represented by the following formula (10), 80 g of metaxylene hexafluoride and chloroplatinic acid are mixed with CH.2= CH-Si (CHThree)2OSi (CHThree)2-CH = CH215 g of trimethoxysilane was added dropwise to 0.1 g of the catalyst modified in step 1 in a dry air atmosphere at 70 ° C., and the mixture was allowed to react for 8 hours. After that, the solvent was distilled off to obtain a colorless and transparent liquid represented by the following formula (11). 165 g (viscosity: 45.5 cSt, specific gravity: 1.730, refractive index: 1.305) was obtained.
Embedded image
[0069]
[Example 1]
On a PET film (thickness: 100 μm) substrate, 135 parts by weight of silica sol, 129 parts by weight of γ-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, and 70 parts by weight of γ-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane were added. A hard coat layer having a thickness of 3 μm was formed by applying and curing in a main ethanol solution. On top of that, by sputtering, SiO2Layer, TiO2Layer, SiO2Layer, TiO2Layer, SiO2Five layers of layers were sequentially laminated with a λ / 4 optical film thickness, and an antireflection layer was attached.
Next, 0.2 g of perfluoroether-modified silane of Compound 1 represented by the above formula (11) obtained in Synthesis Example was dissolved in 99.8 g of perfluoro (2-butyltetrahydrofuran) to prepare a coating solution. This treatment solution was applied to the antireflection layer by a spin coating method, and allowed to cure for 24 hours in an atmosphere of 25 ° C. and 70% humidity to form an antifouling layer. The following (1) to (3) were evaluated using this sample piece. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0070]
(1) Evaluation of surface characteristics
▲ 1 Falling angle
Using a contact angle meter (CA-A type manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.), the falling angle of the oleic acid droplet having a diameter of 2 mm with respect to the antifouling layer was measured. Measurements were taken at five different locations on the surface, and the average value was shown.
▲ 2 ▼ Adhesive strength
A polyester pressure-sensitive adhesive tape (Nitto Denko No. 31B, width 19 mm) was applied to the antifouling layer surface, and the adhesive force was measured. The measurement was performed using a tensile tester at an angle of 180 ° and a peeling speed of 300 mm / min.
(2) Evaluation of coating durability
The specimen was immersed in a fluorine-based solvent (AK-225 manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) for 5 minutes, taken out and dried, and then measured for the falling angle and adhesive strength by the methods indicated in the above measurements (1) and (2). It was evaluated.
(3) Evaluation of antifouling property
After the index finger was pressed against the surface of the antifouling layer for 5 seconds to attach the fingerprint, the ease of wiping the fingerprint when the fingerprint was wiped with a dry cloth was evaluated. Based on the following evaluation criteria, the average of five subjects was used as the evaluation.
Easier to wipe fingerprints
○: Fingerprints can be wiped lightly
Δ: Fingerprints are difficult to wipe off, but no trace is left
×: Fingerprints are difficult to wipe off and marks remain
[0071]
[Comparative Examples 1-3]
Evaluations were made in the same manner as in the examples except that the following
[0072]
Embedded image
[0073]
[Table 1]
[0074]
The examples have surface characteristics higher than those of the comparative examples, and are excellent in durability and fingerprint wiping properties.
[0075]
【The invention's effect】
Since the perfluoropolyether-modified silane in the present invention does not contain a polar group that can be a negative factor in the characteristics in the molecule, it is water / oil repellency, release property, chemical resistance, lubricity, durability, antifouling. It can be used as a surface treatment agent for coating on the surface of various substrates, and can be applied to an antireflection filter having a cured film formed on the surface. Further, the antireflection filter of the present invention is resistant to dirt, easy to wipe off the dirt, has a good surface slipperiness and is not easily damaged, and has a long-term performance. It can be used for various optical elements such as visual recognition devices and polarizing plates.
[0076]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an antireflection filter according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the antireflection filter according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Supporting substrate
2 Middle layer
3 Inorganic antireflection layer
4 Antifouling layer
Claims (4)
で示されるパーフルオロポリエーテル変性シラン及び/又はその部分加水分解縮合物を主成分とする表面処理剤の硬化皮膜からなる防汚層を形成したことを特徴とする反射防止フィルター。 On the surface layer of the inorganic antireflection layer having a silicon dioxide-based inorganic layer as the surface layer, the following general formula (1)
An antireflective filter comprising an antifouling layer made of a cured film of a surface treatment agent comprising a perfluoropolyether-modified silane and / or a partially hydrolyzed condensate thereof as a main component.
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