JP4045300B2 - 蛍光体及びその蛍光体を用いた電球色光を発する電球色光発光ダイオードランプ - Google Patents
蛍光体及びその蛍光体を用いた電球色光を発する電球色光発光ダイオードランプ Download PDFInfo
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- JP4045300B2 JP4045300B2 JP2006525554A JP2006525554A JP4045300B2 JP 4045300 B2 JP4045300 B2 JP 4045300B2 JP 2006525554 A JP2006525554 A JP 2006525554A JP 2006525554 A JP2006525554 A JP 2006525554A JP 4045300 B2 JP4045300 B2 JP 4045300B2
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- phosphor
- emitting diode
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- alpha sialon
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Description
特開2002−363,554号公報においては、蛍光体の組成が一般式MepSi12−(m+n)Al(m+n)OnN16−nで表されている。なお、Meは、Ca、Mg、Y、又はLaとCeを除くランタニド金属と、その一部を置換する発光中心のランタニド金属であるCe、Pr、Eu、Tb、Yb、Er及びその共賦活剤としてのDyであり、金属Meが2価のとき0.6<m<3.0かつ0≦n<1.5、金属Meが3価のとき0.9<m<4.5且つ0≦n<1.5である組成範囲が開示されている。ランタニド金属とはLa、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Luの15元素である。
黒体輻射軌跡上に書かれた5つの矩形は、蛍光ランプの光源色及び演色性による区分(JIS Z 9112−1990)に標準化された蛍光ランプの光源色の区分であり、色温度の高い方からそれぞれ昼光色・昼白色・白色・温白色・電球色の色度範囲を表している。
第1の直線Aと第2の直線Bとの間にある白丸で表した蛍光体は、その組成範囲がEuの量を表すqの値が0.02≦q≦0.08である。
本発明に用いる青色光発光ダイオード素子の発光中心波長は、図11及び図18(詳細は後述)の励起スペクトルから明らかなように、励起スペクトルのピーク波長に一致した450nmが最適である。より詳しくは、例えば図18に示した試料Y6の励起スペクトルでは、励起ピーク波長は449.0nmである。ピークに対して95%の発光強度が得られる励起波長帯域は433.6〜461.8nmであり、90%の発光強度が得られる励起波長帯域は415.6〜469.2nmである。
前記の説明に引き続いて、電球色の色度範囲を実現するのに最適なアルファサイアロン蛍光体の組成をさらに検討する。図19は、図13とほぼ同様のものであるが、第1の直線及び第2の直線に代えて第3の直線C及び第4の直線Dによってその色度範囲を限定していることが異なっている。
2価のユーロピウムにより賦活されたアルファサイアロン蛍光体は、固溶金属元素の主たるものがCaであるかあるいはYであることが好ましい。
アルファサイアロン結晶を得られる組成領域のうち、本発明のように固溶金属元素の出発原料としてCaCO3やEu2O3などの酸化物等を用いたものでは、SiとAlの比及びOとNの比において、組成を一般式M2jM3kSi12−(m+n)Al(m+n)OnN16−nで表した際に、M2は2価のカチオン、M3は3価のカチオンとして、2×j+3×kをm、(2×j+3×k)/2をnとして組成設計することが好ましい。
アルファサイアロン蛍光体を白色光発光ダイオードランプに実装するにあたっては、透明樹脂に分散させ、その樹脂を適量塗布し、硬化させる。ここで、粉末の粒径が大きいと、樹脂が硬化しきらない段階で蛍光体の沈殿が生じ、均一に実装することができない。
また、さらに、JIS Z 8801に準拠した公称目開き20μmのステンレス製の試験用網ふるいとエタノール溶液とを用いて20μm以下のものだけを湿式分級して乾燥させて使用したところ、さらに樹脂中での沈殿が起きにくく、より均一に蛍光体を実装することができ、電球色光発光ダイオードランプの色度の配光特性がさらに改善された。
一般に粉末蛍光体の発光効率は、粒子が大きい方が高く、その一方で粒子が小さい方が塗布性に優れる。
高発光効率の蛍光体粉末を得るためには、焼結後に機械的な粉砕工程を必要としないことが重要である。そのためには、原料粉末をペレット状に仮成形せずに粉末状態のままでガス加圧焼結炉に入れ、ホットプレスによるのではなくガス加圧焼結して、粉末状のまま焼結し、粉末状の焼結体を得ることが好ましい。
焼結後の固まりを粉末にくずしたアルファサイアロン蛍光体粉末の粒径は、事前に試験用網ふるいなどを用いて造粒した際の凝集体粒径から若干大きくなる程度の変化で、ほぼ粒径を引き継いだものとなる。
焼結を行うにあたっては、窒素雰囲気におけるガス加圧焼結が好適である。焼結中の酸化や分解を防止するため、窒素雰囲気にするだけではなく加圧することが重要である。なお、これに際しては、大気圧よりも高い圧力が加えられていれば良いと考えられるが、より確実に焼結を行うためには2気圧以上とすることが好ましい。
上記の焼成を行う温度は、1700℃前後であることが好ましい。最適な焼成温条件を求めるために1500℃、1600℃、1700℃、1800℃でアルファサイアロン蛍光体の焼成を実施したところ、1500℃で焼成したものは発光強度も弱く、また粉末X線回折測定を行ったところ、出発原料粉末のピークが多数観測され、焼成が不十分であり、1600℃以上で焼成したものは、粉末X線回折測定の結果からアルファサイアロン結晶相単相であることがわかった。
焼成温度での保持時間は、20時間以上であることが好ましい。2時間、8時間、24時間、50時間の焼成を試み、2時間のものよりは8時間のもの、8時間のものよりは24時間のものの方が発光強度が強かった。24時間のものと50時間のものとではそれほど差はみられなかった。したがって、保持時間は24時間で十分と考えられ、また、さらなる検討の結果、20時間以上でも十分であることが判明した。
原料粉末としては、アルファ窒化珪素(αSi3N4)、窒化アルミニウム(AlN)の他に、炭酸カルシウム(CaCO3)、酸化ユーロピウム(Eu2O3)を用いることが好ましい。
出発原料であるアルファ窒化珪素(αSi3N4)、窒化アルミニウム(AlN)、炭酸カルシウム(CaCO3)、酸化ユーロピウム(Eu2O3)を遊星ボールミルにより湿式混練する工程においては、窒化珪素製容器の中に出発原料粉末及び窒化珪素製ボールとともに投入する溶媒がノルマルヘキサンであることが好ましい。
ガス加圧焼結装置により窒素雰囲気で焼結を実施するためには、焼結炉内の空気を窒素に置換する必要があり、これには真空ポンプを用いる。
特開2003−124,527号公報では、アルファサイアロン蛍光体の量子効率が80℃まで加熱しても低下しないことが報告されている。今回発明者らは、アルファサイアロン蛍光体を使用した発光ダイオードランプの色度の温度安定性について検証し、従来の酸化物蛍光体を用いた発光ダイオードランプに対するアルファサイアロン蛍光体を用いた発光ダイオードランプの進歩性を確認した。
また、以下の実施形態を説明するための全図において、同一の要素には同一の符号を付与し、これに関する反復説明は省略する。
図21は、本発明の第1の実施形態(実施形態1)に係る砲弾型発光ダイオードランプ1aの断面図であり、図22は、この砲弾型発光ダイオードランプ1aの斜視図である。
まず、図中の蛍光体11について説明する。
蛍光体11の設計組成は、試料Fと同じCa0.875Si9.06Al2.94O0.96N15.02:Eu2+ 0.07とした。
励起スペクトル測定時の発光モニタ波長は585nmに、発光スペクトル測定時の励起波長は450nmにそれぞれ設定した。また、励起ピーク波長は449.0nmである。
図21及び図22に示すように、砲弾型発光ダイオードランプ1aは、上部がレンズ状の球面となっている略円筒形状、換言すれば砲弾と類似した形状を有し、リードワイヤ2及び3、青色の光を発する青色光発光ダイオード素子5、ボンディングワイヤ10、上記の蛍光体11、樹脂12及び13からなり、リードワイヤ2及び3の下部は露出している。
第1の工程では、凹部4に青色光発光ダイオード素子5を導電性ペーストを用いてダイボンディングする。
次いで、第2の実施形態(実施形態2)に係る発光ダイオードランプについて説明する。この発光ダイオードランプは、以下の点を除き、第1の実施形態の砲弾型発光ダイオードランプと同一の構成を有する。すなわち、第2の実施形態に係る発光ダイオードランプにおいては、第1の実施形態の砲弾型発光ダイオードランプにおける青色光発光ダイオード素子に比べて発光効率の高い青色光発光ダイオード素子が使用され、青色光発光ダイオード素子の実装工程における若干の改善により光の取り出し効率の向上が実現されている。なお、使用される蛍光体は、言うまでもなく、第1の実施形態の砲弾型発光ダイオードで使用された試料Y6である。
図28は、本発明の第3の実施形態(実施形態3)に係る砲弾型発光ダイオードランプ1bの断面図であり、図29は、この砲弾型発光ダイオードランプ1bの斜視図である。
図30は、本発明の第4の実施形態(実施形態4)に係るチップ型発光ダイオードランプ14の断面図であり、図31は、このチップ型発光ダイオードランプ14の斜視図である。
チップ型発光ダイオードランプ14は、青色光発光ダイオード素子5、アルミナセラミックス基板15、電極パターン16及び17、リードワイヤ18及び19と、側面部材20、ボンディングワイヤ22、樹脂23及び24からなる。
なお、樹脂23及び24はともに透明であり、同一のエポキシ樹脂である。
つぎに、第5の実施形態(実施形態5)に係る白色光発光ダイオードランプについて説明する。図32は、砲弾型発光ダイオードランプの構成を示す図である。
Claims (14)
- m および n を m+n<12 を満たす 0 を越える任意数とし、 2 × p + 3 × q を m 、 (2 × p + 3 × q) / 2 を n として、設計組成 Ca p Eu q Si 12-(m+n) Al (m+n) O n N 16-n が得られるべき混合比にて窒化珪素粉末、炭酸カルシウム粉末、窒化アルミニウム粉末及び酸化ユーロピウム粉末を含む出発原料粉末を混練し、焼成して得られた一般式Cap(Si,Al)12(O,N)16:Eu2+ qで表される酸窒化物であり、主相がアルファサイアロン構造であるアルファサイアロン蛍光体であり、0.75≦p≦1.0且つ0.02<q<0.09であることを特徴とする蛍光体。
- 前記一般式中、0.03≦q≦0.08であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の蛍光体。
- 前記アルファサイアロン蛍光体は、出発原料粉末を湿式混練し、乾燥させた後に、粒径が一定の寸法以下の凝集体のみを選別し、加圧成形することなく、かさ密度20%以下の粉末状態のままで焼結炉内に収容され、窒素雰囲気で焼成されたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至2のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体。
- 粒径が45μm以下の凝集体のみが選別されたことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の蛍光体。
- 前記アルファサイアロン蛍光体は、窒素雰囲気において2気圧以上の圧力でガス加圧焼結されたことを特徴とする請求項3乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体。
- 前記アルファサイアロン蛍光体は、1650℃乃至1750℃の温度で焼成されたことを特徴とする請求項3乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体。
- 前記アルファサイアロン蛍光体は、前記温度で20時間以上保持されることにより焼成されたことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の蛍光体。
- 前記アルファサイアロン蛍光体は、ノルマルヘキサンを溶媒として混練されたことを特徴とする請求項3乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体。
- 前記アルファサイアロン蛍光体は、窒化ホウ素製の蓋付き容器に収められ、前記蓋付き容器ごと焼結炉内で焼成されたことを特徴とする請求項3乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体。
- 発光中心波長が400nm乃至480nmの範囲内にある半導体青色光発光ダイオード素子と、前記半導体青色光発光ダイオード素子から発せられた光の一部を吸収し、この光とは異なる波長の蛍光を発するアルファサイアロン蛍光体とを備え、
前記アルファサイアロン蛍光体は請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体であり、前記半導体青色光発光ダイオード素子から発せられた光と、前記アルファサイアロン蛍光体から発せられた蛍光とが混色することにより発せられる光の色度範囲がXYZ表色系色度図上の座標でx=0.4775、y=0.4283と、x=0.4594、y=0.3971と、x=0.4348、y=0.4185と、x=0.4214、y=0.3887とを示す4点を結ぶ四辺形により表される電球色の範囲内にあることを特徴とする電球色光発光ダイオードランプ。 - 前記一般式中、0.03≦q≦0.07であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の電球色光発光ダイオードランプ。
- 前記アルファサイアロン蛍光体は、粒径が45μm以下の粉末状であり、樹脂に分散された状態で実装されていることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の電球色光発光ダイオードランプ。
- 前記アルファサイアロン蛍光体は、粒径が20μm以下の粉末状であることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の電球色光発光ダイオードランプ。
- 前記アルファサイアロン蛍光体は、粒径が2μm以下の粒子の割合が10%以下であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の電球色光発光ダイオードランプ。
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