JP3648307B2 - Smoke detection system - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a smoke detection system, and is particularly suitable for application to a system that detects the generation of smoke in the event of a fire by sucking air in a protected area into an air sampling pipe.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, smoke generated at the time of fire is generally detected by a smoke detector installed on the ceiling.
[0003]
However, this smoke detection method is based on the premise that the smoke reaches the position of the smoke detector by the thermal convection moved by the temperature rise at the fire point. Has the problem of slowing down. For example, recently, it has become common to install cable pits under the floor and lay electrical cables, etc., but if a fire breaks out in such cable pits, Even if the smoke leaks into the room through the floor, almost no heat convection occurs in the room, so that the detection with the smoke detector installed on the ceiling is delayed.
[0004]
Therefore, a suction type smoke detection system shown in FIG. 2 that can quickly detect the generation of smoke even in the absence of thermal convection has already been proposed.
[0005]
In FIG. 2, a pipe (hereinafter referred to as an air sampling pipe) 1 in which an air suction hole 1a is drilled at an appropriate position is provided so as to form a network on a ceiling surface, a wall surface or the like, and has a built-in fan. The sucked smoke detector 2 is sucked to take in the air sucked into the air sampling pipe 1 from the monitoring area. Then, the suction smoke detection device 2 detects the presence of smoke when a fire occurs based on the taken-in air, and causes the display device 3 to perform an abnormal display at the time of detection.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the conventional suction type smoke detection system, since air is introduced into the air sampling pipe 1 from many air suction holes 1a, the smoke introduced from a certain air suction hole 1a reaches the suction smoke detection device 2. When diluted, it is diluted to a considerably low concentration. Therefore, as the smoke detection device 2, a smoke detector that employs a general detection method cannot be applied, and the detection sensitivity capability that enables detection at the particle level using laser light is very high. A high (generally, for example, about 1000 times) detector is built in, and the system is very expensive.
[0007]
In the case of the suction type smoke detection system, if the laying length of the air sampling pipe 1 is short, the function of suction detection is not sufficiently exhibited. In addition, since the suction smoke detection device 2 is expensive, cost performance is improved by laying the air sampling pipe 1 over a wide range as long as its capability permits. In practice, the single suction smoke detector 2 can cover the 200 m air sampling tube 1. However, since the smoke generation point can be specified only in units of the suction smoke detection device 2, if the cover range of the air sampling pipe 1 is widened, the range to be checked by the worker at the time of detection becomes wide, and it takes a long time to specify the location. Produce.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and aims to provide a suction type smoke detection system that can easily identify the smoke generation point and is inexpensive if possible.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve such a problem, a smoke detection system according to the present invention includes (1) an air sampling pipe laid in a network shape in which a plurality of air suction holes are formed at appropriate positions, and (2) this An air suction device that sucks air into the air sampling tube, (3) a plurality of smoke detectors distributed inside the air sampling tube, and (4) receiving detection signals from any of the smoke detectors. a display device for displaying, characterized by comprising a (5) provided close to the air suction device, than the sensitivity capability is higher the smoke detectors which are distributed smoke detectors.
[0010]
In the present invention, by arranging the smoke detectors in a distributed manner as described above, it becomes easy to specify the smoke generation point, and the possibility that a plurality of smoke detectors perform detection operation increases, thereby improving the reliability of the system. It can be improved.
[0011]
Also, the sensitivity capability than the smoke detector, which is distributed to high smoke detectors since provided close to the air suction device, Ru can further improve the reliability of the system.
[0012]
Further, it is preferable that the smoke detectors arranged in a distributed manner send a detection signal to the display device via a common bus because the installation amount of the detection signal transmission cable as a whole can be reduced .
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(A) 1st Embodiment Hereinafter, 1st Embodiment of the suction type smoke detection system by this invention is described in full detail, referring drawings. Here, FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram of the first embodiment.
[0014]
1, in the suction type smoke detection system according to the first embodiment, a pipe (air sampling tube) 12 having an air suction hole 11 drilled at an appropriate position forms a network on a ceiling surface, a wall surface, or the like. The suction smoke detection device 13 including the fan 13B and the high-sensitivity smoke detector 13A is sucked so as to take in the air sucked into the air sampling pipe 12 from the room. Has been made. Then, the high-sensitivity smoke detector 13A in the suction smoke detector 13 detects the presence of smoke when a fire occurs based on the taken-in air, and causes the display device 14 to execute an abnormal display at the time of detection.
[0015]
The diameter of the air sampling tube 12 and the diameter of the air suction hole 11 are appropriately selected according to the distance from the suction source (fan 13B inside the suction smoke detection device 13). The amount of suction air is made as uniform as possible in each air suction hole 11.
[0016]
In the first embodiment, a plurality of smoke detectors 15-1, 15 distributed in appropriate positions inside the air sampling pipe 12 in addition to the above-described conventional components. -2, ... are provided. The plurality of smoke detectors 15-1, 15-2,... Are connected to the display device 14 through a common bus 16 laid outside the air sampling pipe 12, for example.
[0017]
Each of the smoke detectors 15-1, 15-2,... Dispersedly arranged (hereinafter also referred to as a “distributed smoke detector”) 15-1, 15-2, for example, is a joint between the main pipe 12A and the branch pipe 12B of the air sampling pipe 12. 12C. Each branch pipe 12B may be provided not only in an indoor ceiling or wall surface, but also in a cable pit, a large apparatus (large computer or electronic exchange), a duct, or the like.
[0018]
FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration example of the coupling portion 12C. In FIG. 3, the coupling portion 12 </ b> C has, for example, a branch pipe 12 </ b> B attached to the lower surface, and a main pipe (or connecting pipe to the main pipe) 12 </ b> A attached to a certain one side surface. The inside of the coupling portion 12C is divided into two by an air flow direction changing plate 17 that converts an air flow from the lower side to the upper side into a lateral air flow. , 15-2, ...) are fixed. Further, a through-hole 18 with a seal member through which a cable (common bus 16 or other power supply cable or the like) is passed is provided, and a distributed smoke detector is connected to the cable communicated inside and outside through this through-hole 18. 15 is connected.
[0019]
As each of the distributed smoke detectors 15-1, 15-2,..., The air sampling pipe length assigned to itself is short, so the sensitivity capability as high as the high-sensitivity smoke detector 13A is not necessary. Various existing smoke detectors such as can be applied. However, in the case of this embodiment, it is necessary to be an addressing type that transmits a detection signal with identification information for identifying itself. Further, each of the distributed smoke detectors 15-1, 15-2,... May send a detection signal that is an on / off signal indicating whether or not the detection is made, but the detection degree (smoke density stage) is a digital value. An analog type that outputs a detection signal represented by
[0020]
The display device 14 according to the first embodiment is not only for the high-sensitivity smoke detector 13A but also for the smoke detectors 15-1, 15-2,. Is different. That is, the smoke detectors 13, 15-1, 15-2,. Moreover, it is preferable to have a function of displaying the order of smoke detectors that have transmitted effective detection signals based on a built-in timer. In addition, various methods, such as a polling method and a token passing method, can be applied to the method in which the display device 14 captures the detection signals of the respective distributed smoke detectors 15-1, 15-2,.
[0021]
When smoke is generated in the monitoring area of the suction type smoke detection system of the first embodiment composed of the above parts, the smoke is introduced into the air sampling pipe 12 and detected by the high-sensitivity smoke detector 13A. The dispersed smoke detector 15-i (i is 1, 2,...) Near the smoke generation point detects it, and a detection signal is given to the display device 14 to display the generation of smoke.
[0022]
Here, even if the detection signal from the high-sensitivity smoke detector 13A is the earliest, the smoke generation point is specified by the display device 14 or the worker by the detection signal from the distributed smoke detector 15-i that comes after that. be able to. In other words, if the distributed smoke detector 15-i is a digital type that outputs a detection signal that is an on / off signal, the display device 14 can be automatically specified by the arrival order, or the display device 14 can be the arrival order. By displaying, the worker can specify. Further, if the dispersion smoke detector 15-i is an analog type that outputs a detection signal that is a digital signal, the display device 14 can be automatically identified by the detection signal having the maximum detection level, or the display device The operator can specify the detection level 14 by displaying the detection level of each of the smoke detectors 15-i.
[0023]
As described above, according to the first embodiment, in addition to the high-sensitivity smoke detector 13 </ b> A in the suction smoke detector 13, a plurality of dispersed smoke detectors 15-i are provided. Even if the smoke detector 13A or some of the distributed smoke detectors are out of order, the generation of smoke can be reliably detected. Moreover, the generation | occurrence | production location can be specified and the countermeasure with respect to smoke generation can be performed efficiently and rapidly.
[0024]
Further, the smoke detectors 15-i arranged in a distributed manner send a detection signal to the display device 14 via the common bus 16, so that the number of smoke detection cables attached to the protection section can be minimized. it can.
[0025]
(B) Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment of the suction type smoke detection system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Here, FIG. 4 is a system configuration diagram of the second embodiment, and the same reference numerals are given to the same and corresponding parts as in FIG.
[0026]
As apparent from the comparison with FIGS. 1 and 4, in the second embodiment, instead of the suction smoke detection device 13 in the first embodiment, only a fan 20 that sucks air is provided at that position. Is.
[0027]
When smoke is generated in the monitoring area of the suction type smoke detection system according to the second embodiment, the smoke is introduced into the air sampling pipe 12 by suction by the fan 20 and one or more dispersions at positions near the smoke generation point. Smoke detector 15-i detects and a detection signal is given to display device 14, and the generation of smoke is displayed.
[0028]
According to the second embodiment, since the plurality of smoke detectors 15-i that are distributed are provided, the probability that the generation of smoke can be detected even if some of the smoke detectors are broken is increased. ing. Moreover, the generation | occurrence | production location can be specified and the countermeasure with respect to smoke generation can be performed efficiently and rapidly.
[0029]
In addition, according to the second embodiment, the smoke detectors 15-i that are arranged in a distributed manner send a detection signal to the display unit 14 via the common bus 16, so that the smoke detectors 15-i that are laid in the protective compartment are used for detection. Cables can be minimized.
[0030]
Furthermore, according to the second embodiment, since the suction smoke detection system is configured without using the high-sensitivity smoke detector 13A, the system can be made inexpensive. Even if the high-sensitivity smoke detector 13A is not used, it is possible to prevent the detection capability from being deteriorated by appropriately selecting the length of the air sampling pipe 12 that each dispersed smoke detector 15-i is in charge of.
[0031]
(C) Third Embodiment Next, a third embodiment of the suction type smoke detection system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0032]
Here, FIG. 5 is a system configuration diagram of the third embodiment, and the same reference numerals are given to the same and corresponding parts as in FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the suction smoke detection device.
[0033]
5, in the case of the third embodiment, a plurality of air sampling pipes 12-1,..., 12-N are attached independently from each other without communicating with a communication pipe or the like. Each of the air sampling pipes 12-1,..., 12-N is attached to a corresponding suction smoke detector 21-1,.
[0034]
As shown in FIG. 6, each of the smoke detection devices 21-1,..., 21-N is an addressable smoke detector 15-1,..., 15 connected to the display unit 14 via the common bus 16, respectively. In addition to -N, fans 20-1, ..., 20-N driven by an internal power supply or an external power supply are incorporated.
[0035]
In each suction smoke detector 21-i, the air sucked into the air sampling pipe 12-i is taken into the suction smoke detector 21-i by the rotation of the fan 20-i, and the direction of the taken air flow Is converted by the air flow direction changing plate 17-i, passes through the distributed smoke detector 15-i, and is discharged to the outside through the discharge hole 22-i. Here, if smoke is mixed in the air sucked into the air sampling pipe 12-i, the distributed smoke detector 15-i performs a detection operation and sends a detection signal to the display device 14 via the common bus 16. .
[0036]
According to the third embodiment, since a plurality of smoke detectors 15-i arranged in a distributed manner are provided, even if some of the smoke detectors are out of order, other smoke detectors in which the air sampling pipes are close to each other Smoke can be detected by the vessel, and the detection probability of the entire system can be increased. Moreover, the generation | occurrence | production location can be specified and the countermeasure with respect to smoke generation can be performed efficiently and rapidly.
[0037]
In addition, according to the third embodiment, the smoke detectors 15-i that are arranged in a distributed manner send a detection signal to the display device 14 via the common bus 16, so that the smoke detectors 15-i installed in the protective compartment are for detecting smoke. Cables can be minimized.
[0038]
Furthermore, according to the third embodiment, the suction smoke detection system is configured without using the high-sensitivity smoke detector 13A, so that the system can be made inexpensive.
[0039]
Furthermore, according to the third embodiment, since the fans are individually provided corresponding to the respective smoke detectors, the suction capacity can be increased, and the air can be discharged even if there is an air conditioner near the air sampling pipe. Suction can be reliably performed, and the suction smoke detection device can be provided at a low position such as a floor surface. Further, it may be unnecessary to change the diameter of the air sampling tube or the diameter of the air suction hole depending on the location.
[0040]
(D) Other Embodiments In the first and second embodiments, the transmission of the detection signal from each smoke detector arranged in a distributed manner to the display device is shown via the common bus. Each distributed smoke detector and the display device may be connected individually, and the display device may identify the smoke detector that detects the generation of smoke through the connection line.
[0041]
In the first and second embodiments, each distributed smoke detector is placed in the air sampling tube so that the air that has passed through the distributed smoke detector located at a position far from the suction source does not flow through the dispersed smoke detector located near the position. Each of the smoke detectors may be provided in the air sampling pipe so that the air that has passed through the smoke detector at a position far from the suction source flows through the smoke detector at a close position. Of course.
[0042]
Furthermore, in the first and second embodiments, the distributed smoke detectors having the same sensitivity capability are shown, but those having different sensitivity capabilities may be applied. For example, when the network of air sampling pipes is constructed as a tree-like network, a distributed smoke detector located closer to the root may have a higher sensitivity capability.
[0043]
Furthermore, in each of the above embodiments, one display device is shown, but a plurality of display devices may be provided so that each display device is responsible for a plurality of distributed smoke detectors.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a plurality of smoke detectors that disperse a plurality of smoke detectors that detect air sucked into an air sampling tube that is divided into a plurality of pieces or communicated and laid in a network shape are arranged. As a result, the smoke generation point can be easily identified, and the possibility that a plurality of smoke detectors can perform detection increases, thereby improving the reliability of the system.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a system configuration of a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional system configuration.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a method for installing the distributed smoke detector according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a system configuration of a second embodiment.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a system configuration of a third embodiment.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a suction smoke detector according to a third embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
11 ... Air suction hole,
12 ... Air sampling tube,
13, 21-i ... Suction smoke detection device,
13A ... High-sensitivity smoke detector,
13B, 20, 20-i ... fans,
14 ... display device,
15-i: Smoke detectors arranged in a distributed manner.

Claims (2)

A plurality of air suction holes perforated at appropriate positions, an air sampling pipe laid in a network, and
An air suction device for sucking air into the air sampling tube;
A plurality of smoke detectors distributed in the air sampling pipe;
A display device that receives and displays a detection signal from any of the smoke detectors ;
A smoke detection system comprising: a smoke detector having a higher sensitivity capability than each of the smoke detectors arranged in a distributed manner provided in the vicinity of the air suction device . The smoke detection system according to claim 1, wherein each of the smoke detectors arranged in a distributed manner sends a detection signal to the display device via a common bus.

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