JP2017222668A - 合成ナノキャリアからの免疫抑制剤の制御放出 - Google Patents
合成ナノキャリアからの免疫抑制剤の制御放出 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017222668A JP2017222668A JP2017129024A JP2017129024A JP2017222668A JP 2017222668 A JP2017222668 A JP 2017222668A JP 2017129024 A JP2017129024 A JP 2017129024A JP 2017129024 A JP2017129024 A JP 2017129024A JP 2017222668 A JP2017222668 A JP 2017222668A
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Abstract
【解決手段】免疫抑制剤が結合された合成ナノキャリア及びAPC(抗原提示細胞)提示可能抗原を含む組成物。あるpHにおける37℃のインビトロ水性環境への曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量が、1時間で0.01〜60重量%、24時間で25〜100重量%であるように構成され、前記pHが4.5〜6.5の範囲である、前記合成ナノキャリア。
【選択図】図6
Description
本出願は、米国特許法第119条の下で、2011年4月29日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/480,946号、2011年7月29日に出願された同第61/513,514号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,147号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,153号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,164号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,168号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,175号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,180号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,194号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,204号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,209号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,215号の利益を主張するものであり、これらの仮特許出願のそれぞれの内容全体が、参照により本明細書に援用される。
(ii)合成ナノキャリアが、以下の関係に従って免疫抑制剤を放出するか否かを判定する工程とを含み:重量%(1時間)が、0.01〜60%であり、重量%(24時間)が、25〜100%であり、重量%(1時間)が、重量パーセントとして表され、合成ナノキャリア全体を平均した、1時間にわたるあるpHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量を、1時間にわたる上記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量と、1時間にわたる上記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に合成ナノキャリア中に保持される免疫抑制剤の重量との和によって除算した重量であり、重量%(24時間)が、重量パーセントとして表され、合成ナノキャリア全体を平均した、24時間にわたる上記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量を、24時間にわたる上記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量と、24時間にわたる上記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に合成ナノキャリア中に保持される免疫抑制剤の重量との和で除算した重量であり;pHは、4.5〜6.5の範囲である。
対象とする細胞の作用部位、特にAPCにより直接的に、および/または生物学的に関連した期間内で免疫抑制剤を放出することができると、有益な免疫応答が得られる。免疫抑制剤が、時間とともに制御された方法で放出され得ることが示されている。このような制御は、特定の期間内における免疫抑制剤の最適な放出により、免疫系へのより的確な介入を可能にし得る。本明細書に提供される合成ナノキャリアは、有益な寛容原性免疫応答をもたらすことも示されている。
「投与する(administering)」または「投与(administration)」は、薬理学的に有用な方法で被験体に材料を提供することを意味する。
特定の量の免疫抑制剤を特定の期間内で放出する合成ナノキャリアを含む組成物が本明細書に提供される。実施形態において、本明細書に記載される組成物は、(i)免疫抑制剤が結合された合成ナノキャリア、および(ii)APC提示可能抗原を含む組成物であり、ここで、免疫抑制剤が、以下の関係に従って合成ナノキャリアから放出され:重量%(1時間)が、0.01〜60%であり、重量%(24時間)が、25〜100%である。これらの組成物は、免疫応答を寛容原性免疫応答に有利に変化させることが予測される。実施形態において、提供される組成物は、本明細書に記載される寛容原性免疫応答の何れかをもたらし得る。
合成ナノキャリアは、当該技術分野において公知の様々な方法を用いて調製され得る。例えば、合成ナノキャリアは、ナノ析出(nanoprecipitation)、流体チャネルを用いたフローフォーカシング(flow focusing)、噴霧乾燥、単一および二重乳化溶媒蒸発、溶媒抽出、相分離、ミリング、マイクロエマルジョン法、マイクロ加工、ナノ加工(nanofabrication)、犠牲層、単純コアセルベーションおよび複合コアセルベーション、並びに当業者に周知の他の方法のような方法によって形成され得る。その代わりにまたはそれに加えて、単分散半導体ナノ材料、伝導性ナノ材料、磁性ナノ材料、有機ナノ材料、および他のナノ材料のための水性および有機溶媒合成が、記載されている(Pellegrino et al.,2005,Small,1:48;Murray et al.,2000,Ann.Rev.Mat.Sci.,30:545;およびTrindade et al.,2001,Chem.Mat.,13:3843)。更なる方法が、文献に記載されている(例えば、Doubrow,Ed.,“Microcapsules and Nanoparticles in Medicine and Pharmacy,” CRC Press,Boca Raton,1992;Mathiowitz et al.,1987,J.Control.Release,5:13;Mathiowitz et al.,1987,Reactive Polymers,6:275;およびMathiowitz et al.,1988,J.Appl.Polymer Sci.,35:755;米国特許第5578325号明細書および同第6007845号明細書;P.Paolicelli et al.,“Surface−modified PLGA−based Nanoparticles that can Efficiently Associate and Deliver Virus−like Particles” Nanomedicine.5(6):843−853(2010)を参照されたい)。
メソ多孔質SiO2ナノ粒子コアを、ゾル・ゲル法によって生成する。ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(CTAB)(0.5g)を、脱イオン水(500mL)に溶解させ、次に、2MのNaOH水溶液(3.5mL)を、CTAB溶液に加える。溶液を30分間撹拌し、次に、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS)(2.5mL)を溶液に加える。得られたゲルを、80℃の温度で3時間撹拌する。生じる白色の沈殿物を、ろ過によって捕捉した後、脱イオン水で洗浄し、室温で乾燥させる。次に、残っている界面活性剤を、HClのエタノール溶液中で一晩懸濁させることによって粒子から抽出する。粒子を、エタノールで洗浄し、遠心分離し、超音波処理により再分散させる。この洗浄手順を更に2回繰り返す。
リポソームを、薄膜水和(thin film hydration)を用いて形成する。1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン(DPPC)(32μmol)、コレステロール(32μmol)、およびシクロスポリンA(6.4μmol)を、純粋なクロロホルム(3mL)に溶解させる。この脂質溶液を、50mLの丸底フラスコに加え、溶媒を、60℃の温度でロータリーエバポレータにおいて蒸発させる。次に、フラスコを、窒素ガスでフラッシュして、残りの溶媒を除去する。リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(2mL)および5つのガラスビーズをフラスコに加え、60℃で1時間振とうすることによって脂質膜を水和して、懸濁液を形成する。懸濁液を小型の圧力管に移し、各パルス間に30秒の遅延を伴う30秒のパルスの4回のサイクルにわたって、60℃で、超音波で分解する。次に、懸濁液を室温で2時間そのままにしておき、完全に水和させる。リポソームを、遠心分離によって洗浄した後、新鮮なリン酸緩衝生理食塩水に再懸濁させる。
PLGA−ラパマイシンコンジュゲートの調製:
酸性末端基を有するPLGAポリマー(7525 DLG1A、酸価0.46mmol/g、Lakeshore Biomaterials;5g、2.3mmol、1.0当量)を、30mLのジクロロメタン(DCM)に溶解させる。N,N−ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(1.2当量、2.8mmol、0.57g)を加えた後、ラパマイシン(1.0当量、2.3mmol、2.1g)および4−ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)(2.0当量、4.6mmol、0.56g)を加える。混合物を室温で2日間撹拌する。次に、混合物をろ過して、不溶性ジシクロヘキシル尿素を除去する。ろ液を、約10mLの体積に濃縮し、100mLのイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)に加えて、PLGA−ラパマイシンコンジュゲートを析出させる。IPA層を除去し、次に、ポリマーを、50mLのIPAおよび50mLのメチルt−ブチルエーテル(MTBE)で洗浄する。次に、ポリマーを、35Cで2日間、真空下で乾燥させて、白色の固体としてPLGA−ラパマイシン(約6.5g)を得る。
PLGA−ラパマイシンを含有するナノキャリアを、実施例1に記載される手順に従って、以下のとおりに調製する:
溶液1:希塩酸水溶液中20mg/mLのオボアルブミンペプチド323−339。オボアルブミンペプチドを0.13Mの塩酸溶液に室温で溶解させることによって溶液を調製する。溶液2:塩化メチレン中100mg/mLのPLGA−ラパマイシン。LGA−ラパマイシンを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製する。溶液3:塩化メチレン中100mg/mLのPLA−PEG。PLA−PEGを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製する。溶液4:100mMのpH8のリン酸緩衝液中50mg/mLのポリビニルアルコール。
HS−PEG−ラパマイシンの調製:
乾燥DMF中のPEG酸ジスルフィド(1.0当量)、ラパマイシン(2.0〜2.5当量)、DCC(2.5当量)およびDMAP(3.0当量)の溶液を、室温で一晩撹拌する。不溶性ジシクロヘキシル尿素を、ろ過によって除去し、ろ液をイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)に加えて、PEG−ジスルフィド−ジ−ラパマイシンエステルを析出させ、IPAで洗浄し、乾燥させる。次に、ポリマーを、DMF中のトリス(2−カルボキシエチル)ホスフィン塩酸塩で処理して、PEGジスルフィドを還元して、チオールPEGラパマイシンエステル(HS−PEG−ラパマイシン)にする。得られたポリマーを、IPAからの沈殿によって回収し、上述されるように乾燥させ、H NMRおよびGPCによって分析する。
500mLの1mMのHAuCl4の水溶液を、凝縮器を備えた1Lの丸底フラスコ中で激しく撹拌しながら、10分間加熱還流させる。次に、50mLの40mMのクエン酸三ナトリウムの溶液を、撹拌溶液に素早く加える。得られた濃いワインレッドの溶液を、25〜30分間還流状態に保ち、熱を取り除いて、溶液を室温に冷ます。次に、溶液を、0.8μmの薄膜フィルタを通してろ過して、AuNC溶液を得る。AuNCを、可視分光法および透過電子顕微鏡法を用いて特性評価する。AuNCは、直径が約20nmであり、クエン酸塩でキャッピングされ、520nmでピーク吸収を有する。
150μlのHS−PEG−ラパマイシン(10mMのpH9.0の炭酸緩衝液中10μΜ)の溶液を、1mLの20nmの直径のクエン酸塩でキャッピングされた金ナノキャリア(1.16nM)に加えて、2500:1のチオール対金のモル比を得る。混合物を、アルゴン下で、室温で1時間撹拌して、金ナノキャリア上でチオールとクエン酸塩との完全な交換を可能にする。次に、表面におけるPEG−ラパマイシンと複合したAuNCを、12,000gで30分間の遠心分離によって精製する。上清をデカントし、次に、AuNC−S−PEG−ラパマイシンを含有するペレットを、1×PBS緩衝液で洗浄する。次に、精製された金−PEG−ラパマイシンナノキャリアを、更なる分析およびバイオアッセイのために、好適な緩衝液に再懸濁させる。
メソ多孔質SiO2ナノ粒子コアを、ゾル・ゲル法によって生成する。ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(CTAB)(0.5g)を、脱イオン水(500mL)に溶解させ、次に、2MのNaOH水溶液(3.5mL)を、CTAB溶液に加える。溶液を30分間撹拌し、次に、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS)(2.5mL)を溶液に加える。得られたゲルを、80℃の温度で3時間撹拌する。生じる白色の沈殿物を、ろ過によって捕捉した後、脱イオン水で洗浄し、室温で乾燥させる。次に、残っている界面活性剤を、HClのエタノール溶液中で一晩懸濁させることによって粒子から抽出する。粒子を、エタノールで洗浄し、遠心分離し、超音波処理により再分散させる。この洗浄手順を更に2回繰り返す。
リポソームを、薄膜水和によって形成する。1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン(DPPC)(32μmol)、コレステロール(32μmol)、およびラパマイシン(6.4μmol)を、純粋なクロロホルム(3mL)に溶解させる。この脂質溶液を、10mLのガラス管に加え、溶媒を窒素ガス流下で除去し、真空下で6時間乾燥させる。過剰量のオボアルブミンを含有する2.0mlの25mMのMOPS緩衝液(pH8.5)による薄膜の水和によって、多重膜ベシクルを得る。脂質薄膜が管表面から剥がれるまで、管をボルテックスする。多重膜ベシクルを単層膜へと分解するために、10回のサイクルの凍結(液体窒素)および解凍(30℃の水浴)を行う。次に、試料を25mMのMOPS緩衝液(pH8.5)中で1mlまで希釈する。200nmの細孔のポリカーボネートフィルタに試料を10回通すことによって、得られたリポソームのサイズを、押出しによって均一にする。次に、得られたリポソームを、更なる分析およびバイオアッセイのために使用する。
工程1。L−フェニルアラニンエチルエステル(L−PAE)で修飾されたポリ(γ−グルタミン酸)(γ−PGA)の調製:4.7mmol単位のγ−PGA(Mn=300kD)を、0.3NのNaHCO3水溶液(50mL)に溶解させる。L−PAE(4.7mmol)およびEDC.HCl(4.7mmol)を溶液に加え、4Cで30分間撹拌する。次に、溶液を24時間撹拌しながら室温に維持する。低分子量の化学物質を、50kDのMWCOを有する透析膜を用いて透析によって除去する。得られたγ−PGA−グラフト−L−PAEは、凍結乾燥によって得られる。
EPO封入γ−PGAナノ粒子を調製するために、0.25〜4mgのEPOを、1mLのPBS(pH7.4)に溶解させ、1mLのγ−PGA−グラフト−L−PAE(DMSO中10mg/mL)をEPO溶液に加える。得られた溶液を、14,000×gで15分間遠心分離し、PBSで繰り返しすすぐ。次に、得られたEPO封入γ−PGAナノ粒子を、更なる分析およびバイオアッセイのためにPBS(5mg/mL)に再懸濁させる。
工程1。金NC(AuNC)の形成:500mLの1mMのHAuCl4の水溶液を、凝縮器を備えた1Lの丸底フラスコ中で激しく撹拌しながら、10分間加熱還流させる。次に、50mLの40mMのクエン酸三ナトリウムの溶液を、撹拌溶液に素早く加える。得られた濃いワインレッドの溶液を、25〜30分間還流状態に保ち、熱を取り除いて、溶液を室温に冷ます。次に、溶液を、0.8μmの薄膜フィルタを通してろ過して、AuNC溶液を得る。AuNCを、可視分光法および透過電子顕微鏡法を用いて特性評価する。AuNCは、直径が約20nmであり、クエン酸塩でキャッピングされ、520nmでピーク吸収を有する。
材料
オボアルブミンタンパク質のTおよびB細胞エピトープであることが知られている17アミノ酸のペプチドである、オボアルブミンペプチド323−339を、Bachem Americas Inc.(3132 Kashiwa Street,Torrance CA 90505;パーツ番号4065609)から購入した。ラパマイシンを、TSZ CHEM(185 Wilson Street,Framingham,MA 01702;製品カタログ番号R1017)から購入した。3:1のラクチド:グリコリド比および0.75dL/gの固有粘度を有するPLGAを、SurModics Pharmaceuticals(756 Tom Martin Drive,Birmingham,AL 35211;製品コード7525 DLG 7A)から購入した。ポリビニルアルコール(85〜89%加水分解されたもの)を、EMD Chemicals(製品番号1.41350.1001)から購入した。
第1の油中水型エマルジョンをまず調製した。溶液1(0.2mL)、溶液2(0.2mL)、および溶液3(1.0mL)を、小型の圧力管中で組み合わせて、Branson Digital Sonifier 250を用いて、50%の振幅で40秒間、超音波で分解することによって、W1/O1を調製した。次に、溶液4(3.0mL)を、第1のW1/O1エマルジョンと組み合わせて、10秒間ボルテックスし、Branson Digital Sonifier 250を用いて、30%の振幅で60秒間、超音波で分解することによって、第2のエマルジョン(W1/O1/W2)を調製した。
第1の油中水型エマルジョンをまず調製した。0.13Mの塩酸溶液(0.2mL)、溶液2(0.2mL)、および溶液3(1.0mL)を、小型の圧力管中で組み合わせて、Branson Digital Sonifier 250を用いて、50%の振幅で40秒間、超音波で分解することによって、W1/O1を調製した。次に、溶液4(3.0mL)を、第1のW1/O1エマルジョンと組み合わせて、10秒間ボルテックスし、Branson Digital Sonifier 250を用いて、30%の振幅で60秒間、超音波で分解することによって、第2のエマルジョン(W1/O1/W2)を調製した。
約3mgの合成ナノキャリアを収集し、遠心分離して、上清を合成ナノキャリアペレットから分離した。アセトニトリルをペレットに加え、試料を超音波で分解し、遠心分離して、あらゆる不溶性材料を除去した。上清およびペレットをRP−HPLCに注入し、吸光度を278nmで読み取った。ペレットに見られたμgを用いて、取り込み%(負荷)を計算し、上清およびペレットのμgを用いて、回収された合計μgを計算した。
約3mgの合成ナノキャリアを収集し、遠心分離して、上清を合成ナノキャリアペレットから分離した。トリフルオロエタノールをペレットに加え、試料を超音波で分解して、ポリマーを溶解させ、0.2%のトリフルオロ酢酸を加え、試料を超音波で分解し、次に、遠心分離して、あらゆる不溶性材料を除去した。上清およびペレットをRP−HPLCに注入し、吸光度を215nmで読み取った。ペレットに見られたμgを用いて、取り込み%(負荷)を計算し、上清およびペレットのμgを用いて、回収された合計μgを計算した。
このアッセイには、免疫優性(immune−dominant)オボアルブミンペプチド(323−339)に特異的なトランスジェニックT細胞受容体を有するOTIIマウスの使用が含まれていた。抗原特異的なtDCを生成するために、CD11c+脾細胞を単離し、オボアルブミンペプチド(323−339)をインビトロで1μg/mLでまたは抗原なしで加えた。次に、可溶性またはナノキャリア封入ラパマイシンを、2時間にわたってDCに加え、次に、それを十分に洗浄して、遊離ラパマイシンを培養物から除去した。精製されたレスポンダーCD4+CD25−細胞を、OTIIマウスから単離し、10:1のT対DC比でtDCに加えた。次に、tDCとOTII T細胞との混合物を4〜5日間培養し、Treg細胞(CD4+CD25highFoxP3+)の頻度を、図1に示されるようにフローサイトメトリーによって分析した。アイソタイプコントロールに基づいて領域を選択した。
合成ナノキャリアの寸法の測定を、動的光散乱(DLS)によって行った。合成ナノキャリアの懸濁液を、精製水で希釈して、約0.01〜0.1mg/mLの最終的な合成ナノキャリア懸濁液濃度を得た。希釈された懸濁液を、DLS分析のために、好適なキュベットの中で直接調製した。次に、キュベットを、Brookhaven Instruments Corp.のZetaPALS中に入れ、25℃へと平衡化してから、十分な時間にわたって走査して、媒体の粘度および試料の屈折率についての適切な入力に基づいて安定した再現可能な分布を得た。次に、有効直径、または分布の平均を報告した。
概念実証実験では、寛容誘導薬剤ラパマイシンを、クラスII結合オボアルブミンペプチド323−339と組み合わせて使用した。ラパマイシンは、同種異系間移植の拒絶反応を抑制するのに使用される免疫抑制剤であり、mTORの阻害剤であり、これは、APCおよびT細胞の挙動を含むいくつかの細胞機能の調節剤である。合成ナノキャリアを、上記に従って調製した。その代表例が、以下の表(表2〜4)により詳細に記載されている。
本発明の組成物を、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)に溶解させ、500μgの組成物を含有する0.1〜0.2mlで雌のLewisラットに筋肉注射する。ラットの対照群には、0.1〜0.2mlのPBSを投与する。注射の9〜10日後、脾臓およびリンパ節を、ラットから採取し、組織を40μmのナイロンのセルストレーナー(cell strainer)に通して浸軟させることによって単細胞懸濁液を得る。関連するモノクローナル抗体の適切な希釈でPBS(1%のFCS)中で試料を染色する。プロピジウムヨージド染色細胞は、分析から除外する。試料をLSR2フローサイトメータ(BD Biosciences,USA)で取得し、FACS Divaソフトウェアを用いて分析する。マーカーCD4、CD25highおよびFoxP3の発現を細胞において分析する。CD4+CD25highFoxP3+細胞の存在は、Treg細胞の誘導を示唆する。
Balb/cマウスに、不完全フロイントアジュバント中のAPC提示可能抗原で免疫を与えて、T細胞増殖(例えば、CD4+T細胞)を誘導し、そのレベルを評価する。その後、APC提示可能抗原および免疫抑制剤を含む本発明の組成物を、用量依存的に皮下投与する。次に、同じマウスをAPC提示可能抗原に再度曝露し、T細胞増殖のレベルを再度評価する。次に、T細胞集団の変化を、寛容原性免疫応答を誘導するAPC提示可能抗原を引き続き負荷した際のT細胞増殖の減少によって監視する。
合成ナノキャリアロット1の材料
オボアルブミンタンパク質のTおよびB細胞エピトープであることが知られている17アミノ酸のペプチドであるオボアルブミンペプチド323−339を、Bachem Americas Inc.(3132 Kashiwa Street,Torrance CA 90505;パーツ番号4065609)から購入した。ラパマイシンを、TSZ CHEM(185 Wilson Street,Framingham,MA 01702;製品カタログ番号R1017)から購入した。0.71dL/gの固有粘度を有するPLAを、SurModics Pharmaceuticals(756 Tom Martin Drive,Birmingham,AL 35211;製品コード100 DL 7A)から購入した。ポリビニルアルコール(85〜89%加水分解されたもの)を、EMD Chemicals(製品番号1.41350.1001)から購入した。
溶液を以下のとおりに調製した:
溶液1:希塩酸水溶液中50mg/mLのオボアルブミンペプチド323−339。オボアルブミンペプチドを0.13Mの塩酸溶液に室温で溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液2:塩化メチレン中50mg/mLのラパマイシン。ラパマイシンを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液3:塩化メチレン中100mg/mLのPLA。PLAを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって、溶液を調製した。溶液4:100mMのpH8のリン酸緩衝液中50mg/mLのポリビニルアルコール。
オボアルブミンタンパク質のTおよびB細胞エピトープであることが知られている17アミノ酸のペプチドであるオボアルブミンペプチド323−339を、Bachem Americas Inc.(3132 Kashiwa Street,Torrance CA 90505;パーツ番号4065609)から購入した。ラパマイシンを、TSZ CHEM(185 Wilson Street,Framingham,MA 01702;製品カタログ番号R1017)から購入した。0.21dL/gの固有粘度を有するPLAを、SurModics Pharmaceuticals(756 Tom Martin Drive,Birmingham,AL 35211;製品コード100 DL 2A)から購入した。ポリビニルアルコール(85〜89%加水分解されたもの)を、EMD Chemicals(製品番号1.41350.1001)から購入した。
溶液を以下のとおりに調製した:
溶液1:希塩酸水溶液中50mg/mLのオボアルブミンペプチド323−339。オボアルブミンペプチドを0.13Mの塩酸溶液に室温で溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液2:塩化メチレン中50mg/mLのラパマイシン。ラパマイシンを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液3:塩化メチレン中100mg/mLのPLA。PLAを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって、溶液を調製した。溶液4:100mMのpH8のリン酸緩衝液中50mg/mLのポリビニルアルコール。
オボアルブミンタンパク質のTおよびB細胞エピトープであることが知られている17アミノ酸のペプチドであるオボアルブミンペプチド323−339を、Bachem Americas Inc.(3132 Kashiwa Street,Torrance CA 90505;パーツ番号4065609)から購入した。ラパマイシンを、TSZ CHEM(185 Wilson Street,Framingham,MA 01702;製品カタログ番号R1017)から購入した。3:1のラクチド:グリコリド比および0.75dL/gの固有粘度を有するPLGAを、SurModics Pharmaceuticals(756 Tom Martin Drive,Birmingham,AL 35211;製品コード7525 DLG 7A)から購入した。ポリビニルアルコール(85〜89%加水分解されたもの)を、EMD Chemicals(製品番号1.41350.1001)から購入した。
溶液を以下のとおりに調製した:
溶液1:希塩酸水溶液中50mg/mLのオボアルブミンペプチド323−339。オボアルブミンペプチドを0.13Mの塩酸溶液に室温で溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液2:塩化メチレン中50mg/mLのラパマイシン。ラパマイシンを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液3:塩化メチレン中100mg/mLのPLGA。PLGAを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液4:100mMのpH8のリン酸緩衝液中50mg/mLのポリビニルアルコール。
オボアルブミンタンパク質のTおよびB細胞エピトープであることが知られている17アミノ酸のペプチドであるオボアルブミンペプチド323−339を、Bachem Americas Inc.(3132 Kashiwa Street,Torrance CA 90505;パーツ番号4065609)から購入した。ラパマイシンを、TSZ CHEM(185 Wilson Street,Framingham,MA 01702;製品カタログ番号R1017)から購入した。3:1のラクチド:グリコリド比および0.22dL/gの固有粘度を有するPLGAを、SurModics Pharmaceuticals(756 Tom Martin Drive,Birmingham,AL 35211;製品コード7525 DLG 2.5A)から購入した。ポリビニルアルコール(85〜89%加水分解されたもの)を、EMD Chemicals(製品番号1.41350.1001)から購入した。
溶液を以下のとおりに調製した:
溶液1:希塩酸水溶液中50mg/mLのオボアルブミンペプチド323−339。オボアルブミンペプチドを0.13Mの塩酸溶液に室温で溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液2:塩化メチレン中50mg/mLのラパマイシン。ラパマイシンを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液3:塩化メチレン中100mg/mLのPLGA。PLGAを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液4:100mMのpH8のリン酸緩衝液中50mg/mLのポリビニルアルコール。
オボアルブミンタンパク質のTおよびB細胞エピトープであることが知られている17アミノ酸のペプチドであるオボアルブミンペプチド323−339を、Bachem Americas Inc.(3132 Kashiwa Street,Torrance CA 90505;パーツ番号4065609)から購入した。ラパマイシンを、TSZ CHEM(185 Wilson Street,Framingham,MA 01702;製品カタログ番号R1017)から購入した。1:1のラクチド:グリコリド比および0.69dL/gの固有粘度を有するPLGAを、SurModics Pharmaceuticals(756 Tom Martin Drive,Birmingham,AL 35211;製品コード5050 DLG 7A)から購入した。ポリビニルアルコール(85〜89%加水分解されたもの)を、EMD Chemicals(製品番号1.41350.1001)から購入した。
溶液を以下のとおりに調製した:
溶液1:希塩酸水溶液中50mg/mLのオボアルブミンペプチド323−339。オボアルブミンペプチドを0.13Mの塩酸溶液に室温で溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液2:塩化メチレン中50mg/mLのラパマイシン。ラパマイシンを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液3:塩化メチレン中100mg/mLのPLGA。PLGAを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液4:100mMのpH8のリン酸緩衝液中50mg/mLのポリビニルアルコール。
オボアルブミンタンパク質のTおよびB細胞エピトープであることが知られている17アミノ酸のペプチドであるオボアルブミンペプチド323−339を、Bachem Americas Inc.(3132 Kashiwa Street,Torrance CA 90505;パーツ番号4065609)から購入した。ラパマイシンを、TSZ CHEM(185 Wilson Street,Framingham,MA 01702;製品カタログ番号R1017)から購入した。1:1のラクチド:グリコリド比および0.25dL/gの固有粘度を有するPLGAを、SurModics Pharmaceuticals(756 Tom Martin Drive,Birmingham,AL 35211;製品コード5050 DLG 2.5A)から購入した。ポリビニルアルコール(85〜89%加水分解されたもの)を、EMD Chemicals(製品番号1.41350.1001)から購入した。
溶液を以下のとおりに調製した:
溶液1:希塩酸水溶液中50mg/mLのオボアルブミンペプチド323−339。オボアルブミンペプチドを0.13Mの塩酸溶液に室温で溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液2:塩化メチレン中50mg/mLのラパマイシン。ラパマイシンを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液3:塩化メチレン中100mg/mLのPLGA。PLGAを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液4:100mMのpH8のリン酸緩衝液中50mg/mLのポリビニルアルコール。
ラパマイシン放出を、pH4.5およびpH6.5において試験した。図4〜7は、免疫抑制剤ラパマイシンの放出が、免疫抑制剤が結合される合成ナノキャリアのポリマーの平均分子量、モノマー組成などにどのように影響されるかを示す。ラパマイシン放出は、主に、使用されるポリマーの分子量に影響され、高い分子量のポリマーほど、放出が少なかった。小さい(20〜25kDa)分子量を有するポリマーを用いた3つの製剤は全て、何れかのpHにおいて24時間後に73〜92%の封入ラパマイシンを放出した一方、約100kDaのポリマーを用いた3つの製剤は、同じ期間にわたってわずか27〜39%の封入ラパマイシンを放出した。ラパマイシンのバースト放出は、主に、ポリマーラクチド:グリコリド比によって制御され、増加したグリコリド含量はバーストを減少させた。
材料および方法
ナノキャリア1
オボアルブミンタンパク質のTおよびB細胞エピトープであることが知られている17アミノ酸のペプチドであるオボアルブミンペプチド323−339を、Bachem Americas Inc.(3132 Kashiwa Street,Torrance CA 90505;パーツ番号4065609)から購入した。3:1のラクチド:グリコリド比および0.75dL/gの固有粘度を有するPLGAを、SurModics Pharmaceuticals(756 Tom Martin Drive,Birmingham,AL 35211;製品コード7525 DLG 7A)から購入した。約5,000DaのPEGブロックと約20,000DaのPLAブロックとのPLA−PEGブロックコポリマーを合成した。ポリビニルアルコール(85〜89%加水分解されたもの)を、EMD Chemicals(製品番号1.41350.1001)から購入した。
溶液1:希塩酸水溶液中20mg/mLのオボアルブミンペプチド323−339。オボアルブミンペプチドを0.13Mの塩酸溶液に室温で溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液2:塩化メチレン中100mg/mLのPLGA。PLGAを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液3:塩化メチレン中100mg/mLのPLA−PEG。PLA−PEGを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液4:100mMのpH8のリン酸緩衝液中50mg/mLのポリビニルアルコール。
オボアルブミンタンパク質のTおよびB細胞エピトープであることが知られている17アミノ酸のペプチドであるオボアルブミンペプチド323−339を、Bachem Americas Inc.(3132 Kashiwa Street,Torrance CA 90505;パーツ番号4065609)から購入した。ラパマイシンを、TSZ CHEM(185 Wilson Street,Framingham,MA 01702;製品カタログ番号R1017)から購入した。3:1のラクチド:グリコリド比および0.75dL/gの固有粘度を有するPLGAを、SurModics Pharmaceuticals(756 Tom Martin Drive,Birmingham,AL 35211;製品コード7525 DLG 7A)から購入した。約5,000DaのPEGブロックと約20,000DaのPLAブロックとのPLA−PEGブロックコポリマーを合成した。ポリビニルアルコール(85〜89%加水分解されたもの)を、EMD Chemicals(製品番号1.41350.1001)から購入した。
溶液1:希塩酸水溶液中20mg/mLのオボアルブミンペプチド323−339。オボアルブミンペプチドを0.13Mの塩酸溶液に室温で溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液2:塩化メチレン中50mg/mLのラパマイシン。ラパマイシンを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液3:塩化メチレン中100mg/mLのPLGA。PLGAを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液4:塩化メチレン中100mg/mLのPLA−PEG。PLA−PEGを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製した。溶液5:100mMのpH8のリン酸緩衝液中50mg/mLのポリビニルアルコール。
動物に治療を行うと同時に、2週間ごとに動物に免疫を与えた。これらの群のそれぞれを、誘導されたIg力価を調節するための様々な治療剤の能力を試験するためにサブグループに分けた。対照サブグループには、寛容原性治療剤を投与しなかった。2つのサブグループに、OVA323−339ペプチドのみを有するかまたはラパマイシンと組み合わせられたナノキャリアを投与した。
IgG抗体のレベルを測定した。このレベルは、アレルギーに特に関連する、IgEを含む、免疫グロブリン一般の指標である。PBS中のBlocker Casein(Thermo Fisher、カタログ番号37528)を、希釈剤として使用した。10mlのTween−20((Sigma、カタログ番号P9416−100mL)を、2リットルの10×PBSストック(PBS:OmniPur(登録商標)10×PBS液体濃縮物、4L、EMD Chemicals、カタログ番号6505)および18リットルの脱イオン水に加えることによって調製されたPBS中0.05%のTween−20を、洗浄緩衝液として使用した。5mg/mlのストック濃度におけるOVAタンパク質を、コーティング材料として使用した。5μg/mlへの1:1000の希釈を、作用濃度として使用した。アッセイプレートの各ウェルを、ウェル当たり100μlの希釈されたOVAでコーティングし、プレートを、密封フィルム(VWRカタログ番号60941−120)で密封し、4℃で一晩インキュベートした。Costar9017の96ウェル平底プレートを、アッセイプレート、Costar9017として使用した。
オボアルブミン+B細胞分裂を、フローサイトメトリーによって評価した。実験動物からの脾細胞を、長期間の細胞標識に好適なチオール反応性の蛍光プローブであるCell Tracker Orange(CTO)で染色し、オボアルブミンタンパク質またはペプチドとともに5%のCO2で37Cの完全培地において3日間培養した。3日目に、細胞を洗浄し、抗CD16/32抗体でブロックし、次に、B220およびCD19に特異的な共役された抗体で染色した。Alexa 647共役オボアルブミンタンパク質も、オボアルブミン特異的BCRを標識するために、細胞とともにインキュベートした。CD19+B220+OVA−Alexa647+であったそれらの脾細胞を、CTO染色の差を比較することによって、増殖について評価した。CTO染色濃度が低い(CTO low)ものを、増殖オボアルブミン+B細胞として標識し、パーセンテージを定量化するために、CTO染色濃度が高い(CTO high)オボアルブミン+B細胞と比較した。
図8は、ovaペプチドおよび免疫抑制剤ラパマイシンを含む合成ナノキャリアの投与による、抗原特異的なIgGレベルの減少を示す。図9も、合成ナノキャリアによる減少(但し、抗原特異的なB細胞の数の減少)を示す。これらの結果は、ovaペプチド(MHCクラスII拘束性エピトープを含む)および免疫抑制剤に結合された合成ナノキャリアによるアレルギーおよびアレルギー応答に関連する望ましくない免疫応答の減少を示す。
ナノキャリア
ナノキャリアを、上で提供される方法に従って調製した(実施例14)。
ナノキャリアを解凍し、平衡化した。初期希釈は、10倍ストック溶液であり、これを、OVA323−339中100μg/mlの濃度に、即ち1倍溶液へと更に希釈した。この1倍溶液を、静脈注射当たり200μlで注射に使用した。動物をOVAタンパク質(OVA)で免疫化し、OVA323−339ペプチドで処理して、B細胞抗原の非存在下でアレルギー応答を制御するナノキャリアの能力を評価した。免疫化経路は以下のとおりであった:免疫学的にナイーブな雌のBalb/Cマウスのそれぞれにつき400μlで、10μgのOVA+4mgのミョウバンの腹腔内投与。実験群は、それぞれ5匹の動物からなっていた。脾臓細胞を、CFSEまたはCTOを用いて抗原で再度刺激して、Ag特異的な増殖の量を測定した。
FCSファイルを、FlowJoソフトウェアを用いて分析した。7AAD陽性細胞(死細胞を標識する核染料)陽性細胞を、除外し、CD4、CD8、Gr−1、F4/80、B220、TCRbおよびCD11bの細胞形態に依存する発現を定量化した。
T細胞サブセットについてのゲーティング法→7AAD−F4/80−GR−1−TCRb+CD4+/−CD8+/−
B細胞サブセットについてのゲーティング法→7AAD−B220+TCRb−
好酸球についてのゲーティング法→7AAD−F4/80−Gr−1+TCRb−CD11b+Gr−1+
オボアルブミン反応性CD4+T細胞の頻度を、フローサイトメトリーによって計算した。実験動物からの脾細胞を、長期間の細胞標識に好適なチオール反応性の蛍光プローブであるCFSEで染色し、オボアルブミンタンパク質とともに5%のCO2の37Cの完全培地において3日間培養した。3日目に、細胞を洗浄し、抗CD16/32抗体でブロックし、次に、TCR CD4およびCD8aに特異的な共役された抗体で染色した。TCR+CD4またはTCR+CD8a+であったそれらの脾細胞を、CFSE染色の差を比較することによって、増殖について評価した。
図10および11は、動物モデルにおけるナノキャリアの有効性を示す。具体的には、図10は、OVA323−339(MHCクラスII拘束性エピトープ)および免疫抑制剤を含む合成ナノキャリアで処理された動物被験体からの洗浄試料におけるCD4+T細胞の数の減少を示す。図11は、同じ処理の結果としての分裂CD4+T細胞のパーセンテージの低下を示す。
Claims (81)
- (i)免疫抑制剤が結合された合成ナノキャリア、および
(ii)APC提示可能抗原
を含む組成物であって;
前記合成ナノキャリアが、以下の関係に従って、前記免疫抑制剤を放出するように構成され:
重量%(1時間)が、0.01〜60%であり、重量%(24時間)が、25〜100%であり、
重量%(1時間)が、重量パーセントとして表され、前記合成ナノキャリア全体を平均した、1時間にわたるあるpHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量を、1時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量と、1時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に前記合成ナノキャリア中に保持される免疫抑制剤の重量との和によって除算した重量であり、
重量%(24時間)が、重量パーセントとして表され、前記合成ナノキャリア全体を平均した、24時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量を、24時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量と、24時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に前記合成ナノキャリア中に保持される免疫抑制剤の重量との和で除算した重量であり;
前記pHが、4.5〜6.5の範囲である組成物。 - 重量%(1時間)が、10〜60%である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 重量%(1時間)が、15〜50%である、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 重量%(1時間)が、20〜45%である、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 重量%(1時間)が、20〜35%である、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 重量%(24時間)が、20〜90%である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 重量%(24時間)が、20〜40%である、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 重量%(24時間)が、70〜90%である、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 重量%(24時間)が、80〜90%である、請求項8に記載の組成物。
- 前記水性環境が、100mMのpH4.5のクエン酸ナトリウム緩衝液中0.5% wt/vのドデシル硫酸ナトリウムである、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記水性環境が、100mMのpH6.5のクエン酸ナトリウム緩衝液中0.5% wt/vのドデシル硫酸ナトリウムである、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、少なくとも10kDaの重量平均分子量を有するポリマーを含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、少なくとも15kDaの重量平均分子量を有するポリマーを含む、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、少なくとも20kDaの重量平均分子量を有するポリマーを含む、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、少なくとも25kDaの重量平均分子量を有するポリマーを含む、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、少なくとも30kDaの重量平均分子量を有するポリマーを含む、請求項15に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、130kDa未満の重量平均分子量を有するポリマーを含む、請求項12〜16のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、120kDa未満の重量平均分子量を有するポリマーを含む、請求項17に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、110kDa未満の重量平均分子量を有するポリマーを含む、請求項18に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、20kDaの重量平均分子量を有するポリマーを含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、25kDaの重量平均分子量を有するポリマーを含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、70kDaの重量平均分子量を有するポリマーを含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、100kDaの重量平均分子量を有するポリマーを含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、ラクチドおよびグリコリドを含むポリマーを含む、請求項1〜23のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリマーのラクチド:グリコリド比が、少なくとも0.5である、請求項24に記載の組成物。
- 前記ラクチド:グリコリド比が、少なくとも0.75である、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、ラクチドを含み、かつグリコリドを含まないポリマーを含む、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、非メトキシ末端プルロニックポリマーであるポリマーを含む、請求項1〜27のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制剤が、スタチン、mTOR阻害剤、TGF−βシグナル伝達剤、コルチコステロイド、ミトコンドリア機能の阻害剤、P38阻害剤、NF−κβ阻害剤、アデノシン受容体アゴニスト、プロスタグランジンE2アゴニスト、ホスホジエステラーゼ4阻害剤、HDAC阻害剤またはプロテアソーム阻害剤を含む、請求項1〜28のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記mTOR阻害剤が、ラパマイシンである、請求項29に記載の組成物。
- 組成物中の前記免疫抑制剤が、前記APC提示可能抗原に対する寛容原性免疫応答を生成するのに有効な量である、請求項1〜30のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記APC提示可能抗原が、MHCクラスI拘束性および/またはMHCクラスII拘束性エピトープおよび/またはB細胞エピトープを含む、請求項1〜31のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記APC提示可能抗原が、Cd1dに結合する脂質を含む、請求項1〜31のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記APC提示可能抗原が、治療用タンパク質またはその部分、自己抗原またはアレルゲンであるか、或いは自己免疫疾患、炎症性疾患、アレルギー、臓器若しくは組織拒絶反応または移植片対宿主病と関連する、請求項1〜33のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗原が、前記合成ナノキャリアに結合される、請求項1〜34のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗原が、他の合成ナノキャリアに結合される、請求項1〜35のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制剤および/またはAPC提示可能抗原の負荷が、前記合成ナノキャリアまたは他の合成ナノキャリア全体を平均して、0.0001%〜50%(重量/重量)である、請求項1〜36のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制剤および/またはAPC提示可能抗原の負荷が、前記合成ナノキャリアまたは他の合成ナノキャリア全体を平均して、0.1%〜15%(重量/重量)である、請求項37に記載の組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制剤および/またはAPC提示可能抗原の負荷が、前記合成ナノキャリアまたは他の合成ナノキャリア全体を平均して、0.1%〜10%(重量/重量)である、請求項38に記載の組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制剤および/またはAPC提示可能抗原の負荷が、前記合成ナノキャリアまたは他の合成ナノキャリア全体を平均して、2%〜10%(重量/重量)である、請求項39に記載の組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制剤および/またはAPC提示可能抗原の負荷が、前記合成ナノキャリアまたは他の合成ナノキャリア全体を平均して、5%〜10%(重量/重量)である、請求項40に記載の組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制剤および/またはAPC提示可能抗原の負荷が、前記合成ナノキャリアまたは他の合成ナノキャリア全体を平均して、5%〜15%(重量/重量)である、請求項38に記載の組成物。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアまたは他の合成ナノキャリアの動的光散乱を用いて得られる粒度分布の平均が、100nmを超える直径である、請求項1〜42のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記直径が、150nmを超える、請求項43に記載の組成物。
- 前記直径が、200nmを超える、請求項44に記載の組成物。
- 前記直径が、250nmを超える、請求項45に記載の組成物。
- 前記直径が、300nmを超える、請求項46に記載の組成物。
- 前記アスペクト比が、前記合成ナノキャリアまたは他の合成ナノキャリア全体を平均して、1:1、1:1.2、1:1.5、1:2、1:3、1:5、1:7または1:10を超える、請求項1〜47のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 薬学的に許容できる賦形剤を更に含む、請求項1〜48のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1〜49のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含む剤形。
- 請求項50に記載の剤形を被験体に投与する工程を含む方法。
- 前記被験体が、抗原特異的な寛容を必要としている、請求項51に記載の方法。
- (i)免疫抑制剤が結合された合成ナノキャリア、および
(ii)APC提示可能抗原
を含む組成物を被験体に提供する工程と;
前記免疫抑制剤を前記合成ナノキャリアから放出する工程と
を含む方法であって、前記合成ナノキャリアが、以下の関係に従って前記免疫抑制剤を放出するように構成されており:
重量%(1時間)が、0.01〜60%であり、重量%(24時間)が、25〜100%であり、
重量%(1時間)が、重量パーセントとして表され、前記合成ナノキャリア全体を平均した、1時間にわたるあるpHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量を、1時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量と、1時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に前記合成ナノキャリア中に保持される免疫抑制剤の重量との和によって除算した重量であり、
重量%(24時間)が、重量パーセントとして表され、前記合成ナノキャリア全体を平均した、24時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量を、24時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量と、24時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に前記合成ナノキャリア中に保持される免疫抑制剤の重量との和で除算した重量であり;
前記pHが、4.5〜6.5の範囲である方法。 - 前記剤形または組成物が、前記APC提示可能抗原に対する寛容原性免疫応答をもたらすのに有効な量で投与される、請求項51〜53のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記剤形または組成物が、一体以上の被験体における前記APC提示可能抗原に対する寛容原性免疫応答をもたらすかまたは望ましくない免疫応答を減少させることが既に示されたプロトコルに従って前記被験体に投与される、請求項51〜54のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体を提供または同定する工程を更に含む、請求項51〜55のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体における前記APC提示可能抗原に対する前記寛容原性免疫応答の生成または前記望ましくない免疫応答の減少を評価する工程を更に含む、請求項51〜56のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が、自己免疫疾患、炎症性疾患、アレルギー、移植片対宿主病に罹患しているか、或いは移植を行ったかまたは移植を行う予定である、請求項51〜57のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が、望ましくない免疫応答を起こしたか、起こしているかまたは起こすことが予測される治療用タンパク質を投与されたか、投与されているか、または投与される予定である、請求項51〜57のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記剤形または組成物が、静脈内、経粘膜、腹腔内、経口、皮下、経肺、鼻腔内、皮内、または筋肉内投与によって投与される、請求項51〜59のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記剤形または組成物が、吸入或いは静脈内、皮下または経粘膜投与によって投与される、請求項51〜59のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 治療または予防に使用するための、請求項1〜49のいずれか一項に記載の組成物または請求項50に記載の剤形。
- 請求項51〜61のいずれか一項に記載の方法に使用するための、請求項1〜49のいずれか一項に記載の組成物または請求項50に記載の剤形。
- 自己免疫疾患、炎症性疾患、アレルギー、または移植片対宿主病の治療または予防の方法に使用するための、請求項1〜49のいずれか一項に記載の組成物または請求項50に記載の剤形。
- 移植を行ったかまたは移植を行う予定である被験体の治療または予防の方法に使用するための、請求項1〜49のいずれか一項に記載の組成物または請求項50に記載の剤形。
- 被験体が望ましくない免疫応答を起こしたか、起こしているかまたは起こすことが予測される治療用タンパク質を投与されたか、投与されているかまたは投与される予定である被験体の治療または予防の方法に使用するための、請求項1〜49のいずれか一項に記載の組成物または請求項50に記載の剤形。
- 治療または予防の前記方法が、請求項51〜61のいずれか一項に記載されるとおりである、請求項1〜49および62〜66のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 静脈内、経粘膜、腹腔内、経口、皮下、経肺、鼻腔内、皮内または筋肉内投与による投与を含む治療または予防の方法に使用するための、請求項1〜49および62〜66のいずれか一項に記載の組成物または請求項50に記載の剤形。
- 吸入、静脈内、皮下または経粘膜投与による投与を含む治療または予防の方法に使用するための、請求項1〜49および62〜66のいずれか一項に記載の組成物または請求項50に記載の剤形。
- 請求項51〜61のいずれか一項に記載の方法に使用するための薬剤の製造のための、請求項1〜49および62〜66のいずれか一項に記載の組成物または請求項50に記載の剤形の使用。
- 合成ナノキャリアを提供する方法であって:
(i)合成ナノキャリアに結合された免疫抑制剤、および、任意選択的に、APC提示可能抗原を含む合成ナノキャリアを調製する工程と;
(ii)前記合成ナノキャリアが、以下の関係に従って前記免疫抑制剤を放出するか否かを判定する工程と
を含み:
重量%(1時間)が、0.01〜60%であり、重量%(24時間)が、25〜100%であり、
重量%(1時間)が、重量パーセントとして表され、前記合成ナノキャリア全体を平均した、1時間にわたるあるpHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量を、1時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量と、1時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に前記合成ナノキャリア中に保持される免疫抑制剤の重量との和によって除算した重量であり、
重量%(24時間)が、重量パーセントとして表され、前記合成ナノキャリア全体を平均した、24時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量を、24時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に放出される免疫抑制剤の重量と、24時間にわたる前記pHの37℃のインビトロ水性環境への前記合成ナノキャリアの曝露の際に前記合成ナノキャリア中に保持される免疫抑制剤の重量との和で除算した重量であり;
前記pHが、4.5〜6.5の範囲である方法。 - 前記合成ナノキャリアが、脂質ナノ粒子、ポリマーナノ粒子、金属ナノ粒子、界面活性剤ベースのエマルジョン、デンドリマー、バッキーボール、ナノワイヤ、ウイルス様粒子またはペプチド若しくはタンパク質粒子を含む、請求項71に記載の方法。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、請求項1〜49のいずれか一項に記載されるとおりである、請求項71または72に記載の方法。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、被験体への投与に好適な形態で提供される、請求項71〜73のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアが、被験体に投与される、請求項71〜74のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が、請求項52、58または59のいずれか一項に記載されるとおりであり、および/または前記被験体への前記投与が、請求項60または61に記載されるとおりである、請求項75に記載の方法。
- 請求項71〜76のいずれか一項に記載の方法工程を含む、合成ナノキャリアを製造するための方法。
- 請求項71〜76に記載の方法の何れかに従って作製されるか、或いは請求項77に記載の方法によって製造されるかまたは得られる合成ナノキャリア。
- 治療または予防に使用するための、請求項78に記載の合成キャリア。
- 請求項51〜69のいずれか一項に記載の方法に使用するための、請求項78に記載の合成キャリア。
- 請求項51〜69のいずれか一項に記載の方法に使用するための薬剤の製造のための請求項78に記載の合成キャリアの使用。
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