JP2017173802A - Imaging device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an imaging device that, even when object surfaces inclined with respect to a direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the imaging device and object surfaces different in distance to a subject are present in plurality, can focus on the entire object surfaces or the plurality of object surfaces.SOLUTION: There is provided an imaging device comprising: image surface tilting means that can tilt an image surface with respect to an optical axis orthogonal plane orthogonal to the optical axis of an imaging optical system; focus detection means that includes a plurality of focus detection areas; and tilting control means that causes the image tilting means to tilt the image surface on the basis of the amount of shift in focus between the plurality of focus detection areas.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a photographing apparatus, and more particularly to a photographing apparatus capable of automatically tilting an image plane.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a camera shake correction apparatus for performing camera shake correction of a single-lens reflex camera uses a voice coil motor having a thin saddle-shaped drive coil (Patent Document 1). In addition, the imaging element is tilted around two axes orthogonal to each other in a plane orthogonal to the optical axis of the photographing optical system, and the reflection member for bending the optical path disposed in the middle of the photographing optical system is an axis parallel to the optical axis. There has been known a camera shake correction device that enables camera shake correction with six degrees of freedom by tilting around and an axis orthogonal to the optical axis, and further moving a lens group in the middle of the photographing optical system in the optical axis direction ( Patent Document 2).

JP 2012-226205 A JP 2008-035308 A

If the object plane within the shooting range is tilted with respect to the optical axis, it is possible to focus only on a part of the subject even if focus adjustment is performed. For example, in shooting such as looking up at a building, it may not be possible to focus on the entire building. Also, when shooting a relatively close-up landscape, for example, when the object at the bottom of the screen is close and the object at the top center of the screen is far away, focusing on the bottom of the screen will not focus on the top of the screen, conversely When focusing on the top of the screen, the bottom of the screen may not be in focus.
Further, in the tilt photographing apparatus using the conventionally known tilt photographing interchangeable lens, the photographer has to manually adjust the amount, and the operation is troublesome.

The camera shake correction apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 cannot move the image pickup device in the plane orthogonal to the optical axis, and therefore cannot perform shooting by tilting.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-228561 tilts an image sensor that constitutes a camera shake correction device, and enables tilt imaging. However, the camera shake correction apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2 has three components to be driven and controlled: an image sensor, a lens group, and a prism. Therefore, assembly, position adjustment, and control are complicated, and high-accuracy tilt shooting and camera shake correction are difficult. there were.

  The present invention has been made on the basis of the above problem awareness, and even if there are object surfaces with different subject distances, such as the object surface being tilted from the direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the photographing apparatus, the entire object surface or a plurality of objects An object is to obtain a photographing apparatus capable of focusing on a surface.

  The present invention is made by focusing on the object planes having different subject distances by tilting the image plane with respect to the optical axis orthogonal plane orthogonal to the optical axis of the photographing optical system. That is, the present invention provides an image plane tilting unit capable of tilting an image plane with respect to an optical axis orthogonal plane orthogonal to the optical axis of the photographing optical system, a focus detection unit having a plurality of focus detection areas, and the plurality of focus detections. And tilting control means for tilting the image plane by the image plane tilting means based on the focal shift amount of the area.

  In the photographing apparatus of the present invention, the focus detection unit includes a focus shift amount detection unit that detects a focus shift amount for each of the plurality of focus detection areas, and is based on at least one of the plurality of focus shift amounts. Further, it may further include a focus adjusting means for driving the focus adjusting optical element to the in-focus position.

  And a calculation means for calculating a tilt correction amount for tilting the image plane so that the plurality of focus shift amounts are minimized based on the focus shift amounts of the plurality of focus detection areas detected by the focus shift amount detection means. Is practical.

  The plurality of focus detection areas include a plurality of focus detection areas arranged in one or more directions of two directions orthogonal to each other and an oblique direction inclined with respect to the two directions. A correction amount is calculated based on at least a focus shift amount detected in a plurality of focus detection areas in any one or more directions.

  The photographing apparatus of the present invention may further include manual selection means for manually selecting a focus detection area for detecting the focus shift amount.

  The photographing apparatus of the present invention further includes a plurality of priority modes for preferentially selecting the focus detection area for detecting the defocus amount, and further includes priority mode selection means for selecting one of the plurality of priority modes. it can.

  The imaging device of the present invention has an imaging element having a rectangular imaging surface that receives the image plane, and the priority mode selection means selects a horizontal priority mode that prioritizes at least the horizontal direction of the image plane, and a gravity direction of the image plane. One priority selection mode can be alternatively selected from the priority vertical priority mode and the diagonal priority mode that prioritizes the horizontal direction of the image plane and the diagonal direction inclined with respect to the gravity direction.

  The priority mode selection unit includes an imaging element that captures a subject image formed by the imaging optical system, and a touch panel display device that displays the subject image captured by the imaging element, and the manual selection unit or the priority mode selection unit Can perform a selection operation in response to a touch operation on the touch panel display device.

  The photographing apparatus of the present invention includes an acceleration sensor that detects a direction in which the photographing apparatus is swung, and the priority mode selection unit can select the priority mode based on the direction detected by the acceleration sensor. .

  The photographing apparatus of the present invention further includes a finder device that observes the image plane, and a viewpoint detection device that detects a viewpoint of a user looking into the finder device, and the manual selection unit or the priority mode selection unit includes the viewpoint It is possible to select a focus detection area in which the viewpoints detected by the detection device match or a focus detection area in the direction in which the viewpoint moves.

  The image plane tilting means includes one or more optical elements of an image sensor or a photographing optical system, and the tilt control means tilts the image sensor or the optical element with respect to a plane orthogonal to the optical axis to change the image plane. Can be tilted.

  The image plane tilting means can translate the image plane in the optical axis direction, and the focus adjusting means finely adjusts the image plane in the optical axis direction via the image plane tilting means. can do.

  It is preferable that the focus adjustment unit drives the focus adjustment optical element to a focus position based on a focus shift amount of a focus detection area closest to the photographing center among a plurality of focus shift amounts.

  The focus shift amount detection means can be a phase difference detection type focus detection means that detects a focus shift amount based on a phase difference between a pair of subject light beams obtained by dividing a subject light beam in a focus detection area.

  The image projection apparatus of the present invention includes an image forming element that forms an image, a projection optical system that projects an image formed by the image forming unit, an image tilting unit that tilts the projected image, and the projected image. Distortion detecting means for detecting the distortion of the image and tilt control means for tilting the image tilting means in accordance with the distortion detected by the distortion detecting means.

  The imaging apparatus of the present invention tilts the image plane according to the tilt of the object plane, so that the entire tilted object plane can be easily focused.

It is a block diagram which shows the main structural members of the digital camera carrying the imaging device provided with the stage apparatus of this invention. 2A is a rear view showing an embodiment of an imaging apparatus having a stage apparatus having six degrees of freedom according to the present invention, the right half is a view excluding the rear yoke and the movable stage, and FIG. 2B is the IIB of FIG. 2A. It is sectional drawing which follows a -IIB cutting line. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows one X drive part of FIG. 2B. It is an expanded sectional view which follows the IV-IV cutting line of FIG. 2A. It is a rear view which shows the movable stage single-piece | unit. FIG. 6A is a diagram showing an example of composition for photographing a plurality of people, FIG. 6B is a diagram showing an example of composition for street photography, and FIG. 6C is a diagram showing an example of composition for photographing buildings. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the object plane in the tilt shooting state of the imaging device, the main plane of the imaging lens, and the imaging device. FIG. 8A is a diagram illustrating an arrangement example of a plurality of focus detection areas on the imaging surface, and FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating an example of a focus detection area selected from the plurality of focus detection areas in FIG. 8A. FIG. 9A is a diagram showing the composition shown in FIG. 6A and the focus detection area selected in FIG. 8B in an overlapping manner, and FIG. 9B is a graph illustrating the amount of focus shift in each focus detection area selected in FIG. 9A. FIG. In the focus detection area arrangement example shown in FIG. 8A, FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating a state in which a vertical focus detection area is selected, and FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating a state in which a diagonal focus detection area is selected. FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a phase difference detection circuit in a case where the automatic focus adjustment device of the photographing apparatus is a phase difference detection method. It is a figure which shows the example of tilt correction operation | movement of the imaging device with a flowchart. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a contrast detection circuit in a case where the automatic focus adjustment device of the photographing apparatus is an image contrast detection method. It is a figure which shows the example of tilt correction operation | movement of the imaging device with a flowchart. It is sectional drawing corresponding to FIG. 2B which shows embodiment which applied this invention to the image projector. It is sectional drawing corresponding to FIG. 2B which shows embodiment which applied this invention to the shake correction apparatus of the imaging lens.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing, in block form, main constituent members and main circuit elements of a digital camera equipped with an imaging apparatus equipped with a stage device of the present invention. In the drawing, in the present embodiment, one direction parallel to the optical axis O of the photographing optical system is defined as a first direction (Z direction, Z axis direction), and one direction orthogonal to the first direction is defined as a second direction. One direction orthogonal to both the first direction (X direction and X axis direction), the first direction, and the second direction is defined as a third direction (Y direction, Y axis direction). For example, assuming that the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis are coordinate axes of a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system, when the optical axis O is the Z axis, the two axes orthogonal to the Z axis and orthogonal to each other are the X axis. And the Y axis. When the camera is in the normal position (lateral position), the first direction (Z direction, Z axis, optical axis O) and the second direction (X direction, X axis) are horizontal, and the third direction (Y (Direction, Y axis) is vertical, and the subject direction is front and front. In addition, in this specification, tilting or turning around the first direction means tilting or turning about a virtual axis parallel to the first direction. Similarly, tilting or turning around the second direction means tilting or turning around a virtual axis parallel to the second direction, and tilting or turning around the third direction is the third This means tilting or turning about a virtual axis parallel to the direction of.

  The digital camera 10 includes a camera body 11 and a photographing lens 100 as a photographing optical system. The camera body 11 includes a body CPU 20 that controls, calculates, and drives and controls functions of the entire camera, and an imaging block 30 that includes an imaging element 31 that captures a subject image projected by the imaging lens 100. The body CPU 20 controls the imaging operation of the image sensor 31, processes the captured image signal by the image processing unit 32, displays the captured subject image on the image display unit (monitor) 33, and captures image data of the captured subject image Is written into the memory card 34.

  The digital camera 10 includes a contrast detection unit 35 that detects the contrast of a subject from an image signal processed by the image processing unit 32, a camera operation unit 21 that has a switch that allows a photographer to operate the camera functions, and the like. The focus adjustment optical system (not shown) is driven in the direction of the optical axis to adjust the focus, and an AF unit (focus adjustment means) 22, an aperture, a shutter, and the like are driven to open and close to adjust the amount of light incident on the image sensor 31. An exposure control unit 23 that drives the imaging element 31 to control imaging and a lens communication unit 24 that inputs lens information such as a focal length of the imaging lens 100 through lens communication with the imaging lens 100 are provided.

  The digital camera 10 has a roll (Z-direction tilt (rotation)) detection unit GSα, a pitch (X-direction tilt (rotation)) detection unit GSβ as detection means for detecting camera shake (hand shake, vibration). A yaw (tilt (rotation) rotation) detection unit GSγ, an X direction acceleration detection unit GSX, a Y direction acceleration detection unit GSY, and a Z direction acceleration detection unit GSZ are provided, and these are connected to a shake detection circuit 44.

  The imaging block 30 includes an imaging element 31 and a stage device (moving mechanism) 60 that supports the imaging element 31. The stage device 60 includes a movable stage 61 on which the image pickup device 31 is mounted, a front fixed yoke 62 and a rear fixed yoke 63 positioned in front of and behind the movable stage 61, and the energized stage 61 is fixed to the front and rear fixed yokes 62 when energized. , 63 can be floated (floated against gravity and kept stationary (floating stationary state)). The imaging element 31 constitutes a thin driven member (a part of the movable member) having a flat front surface. The stage device 60 moves the movable stage 61 in the floating state in the Z direction (first direction), the X direction (second direction) orthogonal to the Z direction, and the Y direction orthogonal to both the Z direction and the X direction. (Third direction) Translation, tilting (rotation) around the X direction (second direction), tilting (rotation) around the Y direction (third direction), and tilting around the Z direction (first direction) (Rotation) (6 degrees of freedom movement, 6 axis movement) is possible. Further, the movable stage 61 of the stage device 60 is capable of moving by combining a plurality of these six degrees of freedom of translation and tilting, translation during tilting, translation after tilting, and tilting after translation (see FIGS. 2 to 5). ). “Translation” is to move straight without changing the orientation and tilt of the image plane (imaging plane of the imaging device 31) with respect to the camera body, and “tilt” refers to the orientation of the image plane with respect to the camera body or This is a movement that changes the tilt, and includes rotating the image plane around the Z direction (the optical axis O or a virtual axis parallel to the optical axis O). “Floating” means that the movable stage 61 is held in a non-contact manner between the front fixed yoke 62 and the rear fixed yoke 63, and the movable stage 61 is positioned at the center where the center of the imaging surface of the image sensor 31 intersects the optical axis O (imaging This is a concept including the case where the front fixed yoke 62 and the rear fixed yoke 63 are held in a non-contact manner at the initial position.

  For example, the body CPU 20 inputs focal length f information from the photographing lens 100 via the lens communication unit 24, and detects a pitch (tilt (rotation) around the X direction) detection unit GSβ, yaw (tilt (rotation) around the Y direction). Direction of the digital camera 10 based on detection signals of the part GSγ, the roll (tilt (rotation) rotation in the Z direction) detection part GSα, the X direction acceleration detection part GSX, the Y direction acceleration detection part GSY, and the Z direction acceleration detection part GSZ The shake speed and the like are calculated, and the direction in which the image sensor 31 is driven, the drive speed, the drive amount, and the like are calculated so that the subject image projected on the image sensor 31 does not move relative to the image sensor 31. Based on this, the stage device 60 (movable stage 61) is driven in six axial directions (translation (shift), tilting, translation during tilting, and translation (shifting) after tilting). The order of these operations does not matter.

  The stage device 60 translates (shifts), tilts, translates during tilting, and translates (shifts) after tilting the movable stage 61 on which the image sensor 31 is fixed with respect to the front fixed yoke 62 and the rear fixed yoke 63. ) Functions as a support member that can be freely held. The movable stage 61 is a rectangular plate (frame) -like member that is larger than the image pickup device 31 when viewed from the front (viewed from the Z direction). The front fixed yoke 62 and the rear fixed yoke 63 are formed of a rectangular plate (frame) member having the same shape whose plan view and outer shape are slightly larger than the movable stage 61, and each has a central portion in front view (viewed from the Z direction). ), Rectangular openings 62a and 63a larger than the outer shape of the image sensor 31 are formed. The front fixed yoke 62 and the rear fixed yoke 63 are coupled by a plurality of connecting struts (not shown) at positions where they do not interfere even when the movable stage 61 moves (translates, tilts, rotates) within a predetermined range, and is parallel and at a predetermined interval. Is retained.

  The rear surface of the front fixed yoke 62 (the surface opposite to the subject side) is located on at least one of the left and right sides (X direction) of the opening 62a with the Y axis as the center line and the Z axis. In this manner, an X-direction magnet (second direction magnet) MX1 composed of a pair of left and right permanent magnets having the same specifications is fixed. A pair of X direction magnets MX2 having the same specifications as the pair of X direction magnets MX1 are fixed to the front surface (subject side surface) of the rear fixed yoke 63 so as to face the pair of X direction magnets MX1. . Each of the left and right X-direction magnets MX1 and MX2 has a plate shape that is long in the Y direction and thin in the Z direction, and is disposed in parallel with the Y axis and spaced apart in the X direction. As for the pair of left and right X-direction magnets MX1, one (left side) magnet in FIG. 2B has an S pole on the front side (surface on the front fixed yoke 62 side), an N pole on the rear side, and the other (right side) magnet on the front side. Is the N pole and the rear surface is the S pole. In the pair of left and right X-direction magnets MX2, the magnetic poles different from the facing X-direction magnet MX1 are opposed to the X-direction magnet MX1. The front fixed yoke 62 and the rear fixed yoke 63 pass the magnetic fluxes of the X direction magnets MX1 and MX2, so that the X direction (the second direction) is interposed between the X direction magnets MX1 and MX2 and the facing portion of the rear fixed yoke 63. (Direction) thrust is formed (see FIG. 3).

  On the rear surface of the front fixed yoke 62, a pair of the same specifications as the Y-direction magnet MYA1 made up of a pair of permanent magnets of the same specification in a mode that is positioned apart from the Z axis with the Y axis as the center line below the opening 62a. The Y-direction magnet MYB1 is fixed. A pair of Y-direction magnets MYA2 and MYB2 having the same specifications as the pair of Y-direction magnets MYA1 and MYB1 are fixed to the front surface of the rear fixed yoke 63 so as to face the pair of Y-direction magnets MYA1 and MYB1. . These Y-direction magnets MYA1 and MYB1, and MYA2 and MYB2 are each composed of a pair of plate-like magnets that are long in the X direction and thin in the Z direction, and each pair of magnets is parallel to the X axis and separated in the Y direction. Are arranged. Both the pair of Y-direction magnets MYA1 and the pair of Y-direction magnets MYB1, the upper magnet in FIG. 2A has an S pole on the front and rear surfaces (front surface) and an N pole on the other surface (rear surface). In the magnet on the side, one of the front and rear surfaces is an N pole, and the other surface (rear surface) is an S pole. In the pair of Y-direction magnets MYA2 and MYB2, the magnetic poles different from the pair of Y-direction magnets MYA1 and MYB1 are opposed to the pair of Y-direction magnets MYA1 and MYB1. The front fixed yoke 62 and the rear fixed yoke 63 pass the magnetic fluxes of the Y-direction magnets MYA1 and MYA2, the Y-direction magnets MYB1 and MYA2, and between the Y-direction magnets MYA1 and MYA2 and the Y-direction magnet MYB1. And MYB2 form part of a magnetic circuit that generates thrust in the Y direction (third direction).

Further, Z-direction magnets MZA1, MZB1, and MZC1 made of permanent magnets are fixed to the rear surface of the front fixed yoke 62 at three positions different from the X-direction magnet MX1 and the Y-direction magnets MYA1 and MYB1 ( 2A, 4 and 5). Z-direction magnets MZA2, MZB2, and MZC2 are fixed to the front surface of the rear fixed yoke 63.
The Z-direction magnets MZA1, MZB1, MZC1, MZA2, MZB2, and MZC2 have a rectangular plate shape when viewed from the front. The Z-direction magnets MZA1, MZB1, and MZC1 have a front surface (fixed yoke 62 contact surface) with an S pole and a rear surface. The Z-direction magnets MZA2, MZB2, and MZC2 are fixed so that they have the same magnetic pole as the Z-direction magnets MZA1, MZB1, and MZC1. The six Z-direction magnets MZA1, MZB1, and MZC1 and the Z-direction magnets MZA2, MZB2, and MZC2 are in the same mode (specifications), and are substantially within a Z-axis orthogonal plane that is spaced apart by a predetermined length around the Z-axis. It is arranged at equal intervals. When the front fixed yoke 62 and the rear fixed yoke 63 pass the magnetic fluxes of the Z direction magnets MZA1 and MZA2, MZB1 and MZB2, MZC1 and MZC2, the Z direction magnets MZA1, MZB1, MZC1, and the Z direction magnets MZA2, MZAB2, A part of a plurality of magnetic circuits (thrust generation means, thrust control means) that generate thrust in the Z direction (first direction) is formed between the MZC 2 and the MZC 2.

  The movable stage 61 located between the front fixed yoke 62 and the rear fixed yoke 63 is a nonmagnetic member integrally formed by press molding from a nonmagnetic material. A rectangular image pickup device mounting hole 61a is formed in the center of the movable stage 61, and the image pickup device 31 is fitted and fixed in the image pickup device mounting hole 61a. The image sensor 31 protrudes forward in the optical axis O direction of the movable stage 61 from the image sensor mounting hole 61a.

  The image sensor 31 is arranged so that the long side is parallel to the X direction and the short side is parallel to the Y direction when the movable stage 61 is located at the initial position (initial position where the magnetic levitation is performed). And When the movable stage 61 is in the initial position, the center of the imaging surface 31a of the imaging device 31 is located on the optical axis O of the photographing lens 100, and the optical axis O and the Z axis coincide. The Z direction (first direction), the X direction (second direction), and the Y direction (third direction) are relative to the camera body 11 and the photographing lens 100 where the Z direction coincides with or is parallel to the optical axis O. However, the direction may be constant with respect to the image sensor 31.

  A pair of X driving coils (X driving unit) CX is fixed to the movable stage 61 at positions outside the left and right sides (short sides) of the image sensor 31, and one side below the image sensor 31 ( A pair of Y driving coil (YA driving unit) CYA and Y driving coil (YB driving unit) CYB are fixed at a lower part of the long side and separated from each other on the left and right. The pair of X driving coils CX are long and long in the Y direction, and are arranged at symmetrical positions (equal distance) across the Y axis so that the longitudinal direction is parallel to the Y direction and overlapping the X axis. The pair of Y drive coils CYA and CYB are horizontally long and long in the X direction, and are arranged at symmetrical positions (equal distance from the Y axis) across the Y axis so that the longitudinal direction is parallel to the X direction. ing. This arrangement is easy to manufacture, adjust and control.

  Further, a circular Z driving coil (ZA driving unit) CZA is fixed to the movable stage 61 between the pair of Y driving coils CYA and CYB (intermediate position). A pair of circular Z drive coils (ZB drive unit) CZB and Z drive coil (ZC drive unit) CZC are fixed to be positioned above. The Z drive coil CZA is arranged on the Y axis, and the Z drive coils CZB and CZC are arranged at symmetrical positions (equal distance from the Y axis) with respect to the Y axis. The center of gravity (total center of gravity) of the Z driving coils CZA, CZB, and CZC substantially coincides with the center of gravity of the movable stage 61. Any two of the Z drive coils CZA, CZB, and CZC, in the illustrated embodiment, a line connecting the Z drive coils CZB and CZC, and a perpendicular line drawn from the other one to the above line are parallel to the Y axis (Or coincides with the Y axis). The arrangement of the Z drive coils CZA, CZB, and CZC is arbitrary, but the line connecting any two is parallel to the X axis or Y axis, and the other one is lowered to the line connecting the two. It is preferable to arrange the vertical line so that it is parallel to the Y axis or the X axis. This arrangement is easy to manufacture, adjust and control.

  The pair of X driving coils CX, the pair of Y driving coils CYA and CYB, and the three Z driving coils CZA, CZB, and CZC are wound in a spiral shape on the XY plane. A planar (thin) coil parallel to the optical axis orthogonal plane (XY plane), which is laminated a plurality of times in the plate thickness direction (Z direction).

  The pair of X driving coils CX are arranged in such a manner that the longitudinal portions are parallel to the Y axis and the front and rear surfaces are opposed between the corresponding X direction magnets MX1 and MX2, and the pair of Y driving coils CYA and CYB are long. The portions parallel to the X axis and corresponding to each other are arranged in such a manner that the front and rear surfaces face the pair of Y direction magnets MYA1 and MYA2 and MYB1 and MYB2.

  X driving coil (X driving unit) CX, Y driving coil (YA driving unit) CYA and Y driving coil (YB driving unit) CYB, Z driving coil (ZA driving unit) CZA, Z driving coil (ZB Drive Unit) CZB and Z drive coil (ZC drive unit) CZC are connected to the actuator drive circuit 42 and are energized and controlled via the actuator drive circuit 42.

The X driving coil CX, the pair of X direction magnets MX1, and the pair of X direction magnets MX2 constitute second thrust generating means (thrust control means) that generates thrust in the X direction (second direction). ing. The movable stage 61 can be translated in the X direction by thrust in the X direction generated by controlling the current flowing through the X driving coil CX. The X-direction magnets MX1 and MX2 that are paired with the respective X driving coils CX position the movable stage 61 at the center position in vertical position shooting with the grip of the camera body 11 up or down, for example, regardless of the posture of the camera body 11. Acts (functions) as a levitation means held at (initial position).
One Y driving coil CYA and each pair of Y direction magnets MYA1 and MYA2, and the other Y driving coil CYB and each pair of Y direction magnets MYB1 and MYB2 are thrust in the Y direction (third direction). A pair of third thrust generating means (thrust control means) for generating The movable stage 61 is translated in the Y direction and tilted (rotated) about the Z direction by the interaction of a pair of thrusts in the Y direction separated in the X direction generated by the current control applied to the Y driving coils CYA and CYB. be able to. The Y drive coil CYA and each pair of Y-direction magnets MYA1 and MYA2, and the Y drive coil CYB and each pair of Y-direction magnets MYB1 and MYB2 are, for example, lateral positions (normal positions) regardless of the posture of the camera body 11. ) In photographing, it acts (functions) as a floating means for holding the movable stage 61 at the center position (initial position).
The three Z driving coils CZA, CZB, CZC are arranged in such a manner that the front and rear surfaces face each other between each pair of Z direction magnets MZA1 and MZA2, MZB1 and MZB2, and MZC1 and MZC2. The three first thrust generating means for generating the thrust in the direction (1) are configured. Three sets of Z direction magnets MZA1, MZA2 and a Z drive coil CZA, Z direction magnets MZB1, MZB2, a Z drive coil CZB, and a Z direction magnet MZC1 that are spaced apart from each other around the Z axis when viewed in the Z direction. The MZC2 and the Z drive coil CZC are configured to move the movable stage 61 to the front and rear fixed yokes 62 by the interaction of the three Z direction thrusts generated by the current control applied to the three Z drive coils CZA, CZB, and CZC. , 63 (three pairs of magnets for Z direction MZA1 and MZA2, MZB1 and MZB2, MZC1 and MZC2), in a floating state, translated in the Z direction, tilted in the X direction, and tilted in the Y direction Can be made. The Z driving coils CZA, CZB, CZC and each pair of Z direction magnets MZA1 and MZA2, MZB1 and MZB2, and MZC1 and MZC2 move the movable stage 61 in the optical axis direction in the initial position and initial posture (the imaging surface of the imaging device 31). Acts (functions) as a levitation means for holding in the initial state perpendicular to the optical axis.

  The movable stage 61 includes a pair of X-direction hall elements HX1 and HX2 (X position detection unit HX) positioned in the air core region of the X drive coil CX, and the air drive regions of the Y drive coils CYA and CYB, respectively. A pair of Y-direction Hall elements HYA1 and HYA2 (YA position detecting unit HXA), HYB1 and HYB2 (YB position detecting unit HYB), and a pair of Z driving coils CZA, CZB, CZC positioned in the air core region Z-direction Hall elements HZA1 and HZA2 (ZA position detection unit HZA), HZB1 and HZB2 (ZB position detection unit HZB), and HZC1 and HZC2 (ZC position detection unit HZC) are fixed. The pair of X-direction Hall elements HX1 and HX2 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the X direction (longitudinal direction) at a substantially central position in the Y direction (short direction) of the X driving coil CX. The pair of Y-direction hall elements HYA1 and HYA2, and HYB1 and HYB2 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the Y direction (short direction) at the approximate center position in the X direction (longitudinal direction) of the Y driving coils CYA and CYB. Yes. The pair of hall elements HZA1 and HZA2 for Z direction, HZB1 and HZB2, and HZC1 and HZC2 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the Z direction on the center lines of the Z driving coils CZA, CZB, and CZC.

  Hall element for X direction HX1 and HX2 (X position detection unit HX), Hall element for Y direction HYA1 and HYA2 (YA position detection unit HXA), HYB1 and HYB2 (YB position detection unit HYB), Hall element for Z direction HZA1 HZA2 (ZA position detection unit HZA), HZB1 and HZB2 (ZB position detection unit HZB), and HZC1 and HZC2 (ZC position detection unit HZC) are connected to a position detection circuit 43.

The X direction hall elements HX1 and HX2 detect the magnetic force (magnetic flux of the X direction magnetic circuit) of the corresponding X direction magnets MX1 and MX2, and the X direction position of the movable stage 61 (the X direction translational position) based on the detection signal. X direction position detection means (translation direction position detection means) for detecting the above.
The Y-direction hall elements HYA1 and HYA2 detect the magnetic force (magnetic flux of the Y-direction magnetic circuit) of the corresponding Y-direction magnets MYA1 and MYA2, and the Y-direction hall elements HYB1 and HYB2 are the corresponding Y-direction magnets MYB1 and MYB2. The magnetic force (magnetic flux of the Y direction magnetic circuit) is detected. The Y-direction position and the Z-direction tilting position are detected based on the detection signals of both the Y-direction hall elements HYA1 and HYA2 and HYB1 and HYB2. That is, each of the pair of Y-direction hall elements HYA1 and HYA2 and HYB1 and HYB2 includes Y-direction position detection means (translation-direction position detection means) for detecting the Y-direction position (Y-direction translation direction position) of the movable stage 61. A tilt position detecting means for detecting the tilt position of the movable stage 61 about the Z direction is configured.
Three pairs of Z-direction hall elements HZA1 and HZA2, HZB1 and HZB2, and HZC1 and HZC2 correspond to three pairs of Z-direction magnets MZA1 and MZA2, MZB1 and MZB2, and MZC1 and MZC2 (magnetic flux of the Z-direction magnetic circuit). Is detected. Then, the Z-direction position of the movable stage 61, the tilt position about the X direction, and the tilt position about the Y direction are detected based on the detection signals of the Z-direction hall elements HZA1 and HZA2, HZB1 and HZB2, and HZC1 and HZC2, respectively. Is detected. That is, the Z-direction Hall elements HZA1 and HZA2, HZB1 and HZB2, and HZC1 and HZC2 that make up each pair are Z-direction position detection means (translation direction) that detects the Z-direction position (Z-direction translation direction position) of the movable stage 61. Position detection means), a tilt position detection means (tilt position detection means) about the X direction for detecting the tilt position of the movable stage 61 about the X direction, and a Y direction for detecting the tilt position of the movable stage 61 about the Y direction. A surrounding tilt position detection means (tilt position detection means) is configured.

  The X driving coil CX, the Y driving coils CYA, CYB, the Z driving coils CZA, CZB, CZC, the X direction hall element HX (HX1, HX2), the Y direction hall element HYA (HYA1 and HYA2). ), HYB (HYB1 and HYB2), Z-direction Hall elements HZA (HZA1 and HZA2), HZB (HZB1 and HZB2), and HZC (HZC1 and HZC2) are mounted on a flexible printed circuit board FPC (not shown). These are electrically connected to respective circuits such as an actuator drive circuit 42 and a position detection circuit 43 incorporated in the camera body 11 via a flexible printed circuit board FPC extending from the movable stage 61 (see FIG. 1).

  The pair of X driving coils CX, the pair of Y driving coils CYA, CYB, and the three Z driving coils CZA, CZB, CZC are energized and controlled by the actuator driving circuit 42. The actuator drive circuit 42 is controlled by the body CPU 20 via the image stabilization / tilt control circuit 41.

  The position detection circuit 43 outputs detection signals output from the X direction hall elements HX1 and HX2, the Y direction hall elements HYA1 and HYA2, HYB1 and HYB2, the Z direction hall elements HZA1 and HZA2, HZB1 and HZB2, and HZC1 and HZC2. Thus, the movable stage 61 is positioned in the X direction, the Y direction, the Z direction, the tilt position around the X direction (tilt (rotation) angle around the X direction, the pitch angle), the tilt position around the Y direction (tilt around the Y direction). (Rotation) angle, yaw angle) and tilt position around the Z direction (tilt (rotation) angle around the Z direction, roll angle) are detected.

The digital camera 10 is configured to set the movable stage 61, that is, the X-direction position, the Y-direction position, the Z-direction position, the X-direction tilt position, the Y-direction tilt position, and the Z-direction tilt position in the following manner. To detect.
The position detection circuit 43 calculates and detects the X-direction position (movement amount) of the movable stage 61 by the sum signal of the detection signals detected by the pair of X-direction hall elements HX1 and HX2.
The position detection circuit 43 calculates the Y-direction position based on the sum signal of the detection signals detected by one pair of Y-direction Hall elements HYA1 and HYA2, and detects the other pair of Y-direction Hall elements HYB1 and HYB2. Using the detected signal, for example, the Y-direction position is calculated from the sum signal, and based on these two Y-direction positions separated in the X-direction, the Y-direction position (movement amount) of the movable stage 61 and the Z-direction rotation Is detected by calculation.
Further, the position detection circuit 43 determines the position of the movable stage 61 in the Z direction, the tilt position about the X direction, and the tilt position about the Y direction, as three pairs of hall elements HZA1 and HZA2, HZB1 and HZB2, and HZC1 and HZC2. For example, the Z-direction position is detected by calculating the quotient of the sum signal of a pair of detection signals and the difference signal of the pair of detection signals. Then, based on the detected three different Z-direction positions of the movable stage 61, the position detection circuit 43 tilts the Z-position (movement amount), the X-direction tilt position (rotation amount), and the Y-direction tilt of the movable stage 61. The position (rotation amount) is detected by calculation.

In the above embodiment, a pair of X-direction Hall elements HX1 and HX2 for detecting the X-direction position of the movable stage 61 are provided at predetermined intervals in the X direction, and a pair of Y-direction Hall elements HYA1 for detecting the Y-direction position are provided. Since HYA2 is provided at a predetermined interval in the Y direction and a pair of Y-direction Hall elements HYB1 and HYB2 are provided at a predetermined interval in the Y direction, the positions in the X direction and the Y direction can be maintained even if the movable stage 61 moves in the Z direction. The detection accuracy does not change.
The three pairs of Z-direction Hall elements HZA1 and HZA2, HZB1 and HZB2, and HZC1 and HZC2 that detect the position of the movable stage 61 in the Z direction are provided at predetermined intervals in the Z direction. Even if it moves or tilts, the Z-direction position detection accuracy does not deteriorate.

  The above digital camera 10 can perform the following operations when performing a photographing operation. First, under the control of the body CPU 20, the pair of X driving coils CX, the pair of Y driving coils CYA, CYB, and the three Z driving coils CZA, CZB, CZC are energized to control the mounting of the imaging device 31. The movable stage 61 thus held is held (floated) at an initial position that is not in contact with other members such as the front fixed yoke 62 and the rear fixed yoke 63.

Furthermore, the digital camera 10 (body CPU 20) can perform the following drive control based on each position calculated by the body CPU 20 (position detection circuit 43) while the movable stage 61 is lifted.
The movable stage 61 is translated in the Z direction by the interaction of three equivalent thrusts in the Z direction generated by equally energizing the Z driving coils CZA, CZB, CZC, and the Z driving coils CZA, CZB, CZC are The movable stage 61 can be tilted around the X direction and tilted around the Y direction by the interaction of three different thrusts in the Z direction that are generated by individually controlling energization.
The movable stage 61 can be translated in the X direction by the thrust in the X direction generated by energizing each X driving coil CX.
The movable stage 61 is translated in the Y direction by the interaction of two equivalent thrusts in the Y direction generated by controlling the energization of the Y drive coils CYA and CYB equally, and the Y drive coils CYA and CYB are individually energized. The movable stage 61 can be tilted around the Z direction by the interaction of two different thrusts in the Y direction generated by the control.
Furthermore, the Z driving coils CZA, CZB, CZC, the X driving coil CX, the Y driving coils CYA, CYB, the plurality of Z direction thrusts, the X direction thrusts, and the plurality of Y directions generated by the energization control to the Y driving coils CYA, CYB. By the interaction of the thrusts, the movable stage 61 can be translated and tilted in all directions of six degrees of freedom (six axes), tilted during translation, tilted after translation, and translated after tilt.

  The digital camera 10 (body CPU 20) of the present embodiment performs the above-described drive control of the movable stage 61 in synchronization with camera shake (shake, vibration) of the camera body 11 and the photographing lens 100 detected by the shake detection circuit 44. Thus, camera shake correction (shake reduction) can be performed.

  The digital camera 10 of the present embodiment can perform not only shake correction operation but also special shooting such as tilt shooting and composition adjustment by tilting the image sensor 31 (translation, tilting, translation and tilting). Depending on the condition of the subject, the image sensor 31 can be translated and tilted to perform an automatic tilt correction operation for focusing on a wide area of the subject. The automatic tilt correction operation of the digital camera 10 will be further described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, the tilt correction operation is performed by the stage device 60 in the Z direction translation, the X direction translation, the Y direction translation, the tilting (rotation) around the Z direction, the tilting around the X direction, and the tilting around the Y direction. The image sensor 31 is tilted with respect to the optical axis orthogonal plane by tilting around the X direction, tilting around the Y direction, and a combination of these tilts. ing. “Translation” is also a translation without changing the posture of the movable stage 61. The position of the movable stage 61 in the Z (optical axis O) direction, the position in the X direction, the position in the Y direction, the tilting position (rotation angle) around the Z direction (optical axis O), and the tilting position around the X direction (axis in the X direction) ( The tilt position (rotation angle) around the rotation angle) and the Y direction (axis in the Y direction) is detected by a position detection circuit (position detection means) 43. The tilt position (rotation angle) about the Z direction (optical axis O), the tilt position (rotation angle) about the X direction, and the tilt position (rotation angle) about the Y direction of the movable stage 61 are the tilt amount ( Tilt amount) and tilt correction amount (tilt correction amount).

  6A, 6B, and 6C are diagrams showing examples of subjects, and show examples of subjects and compositions in the shooting screen (shooting range) 33a displayed on the image display unit 33. FIG. FIG. 6A shows a composition example of person photography in which three persons (subjects) 201, 202, and 203 are positioned at different distances in the left-right direction, and FIG. 6B shows a subject near the lower part of the photographing screen 33a, an upper part. FIG. 6C is a composition example of shooting of a building in which a subject close to the lower part of the shooting screen 33a and a subject far away are located in the upper part in vertical position shooting. In the composition example of FIG. 6A, when any one of the three persons 201 to 203 is focused, the other two persons are not focused and are blurred (the depth of field is not considered). In the composition of FIG. 6B or FIG. 6C, when focusing on a near subject at the bottom of the screen or a far subject at the top of the screen, the subject at the top or bottom of the screen is not focused and is blurred (depth of field). Is not considered).

FIG. 7 shows a state in which the image sensor 31 is tilted (tilted) in order to focus on the entire tilted object surface 200. In this example, the image sensor 31 is tilted (tilted) so that the extension line of the object plane 200 inclined with respect to the optical axis O, the extension line of the main plane LS of the photographing lens 100, and the extension line of the imaging surface 31a intersect at one point. ) When the image pickup device 31 is tilted in this way, the whole image portion of the object plane 200 projected onto the image pickup surface 31a is focused (focused) according to the Scheinproof law. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a simplified relationship among the object plane (subject) 200, the main plane LS of the photographic lens 100, the imaging element 31, and the imaging plane 31a. Strictly speaking, the main plane includes a front main plane and a rear main plane, but is simplified and shown as one main plane LS. In the figure, the imaging range center 200o is the center of the object plane 200 to be photographed (projected on the imaging plane 31a), the reference numeral 31o is the center of the imaging plane 31a, and an image of the imaging range center 200o is projected. . In the figure, when the distance (subject distance) from the main plane LS to the object plane 200 (imaging range center 200o) is b and the distance (image plane distance) to the imaging plane 31a (image plane center 31o) is a, In the in-focus state, the following imaging formula is established.
1 / f = 1 / a + 1 / b
M = a / b
Here, f is the focal length of the taking lens 100, and M is the magnification (optical magnification).
The image plane distance a is detected from, for example, the position in the optical axis direction of the focus adjustment lens group FL of the photographing lens 100, and the subject distance b is detected from the image plane distance a and the focal distance f of the photographing lens 100.

  Here, in the composition of FIG. 6A, if the three persons 201 to 203 are located at the illustrated position of the object plane 200, the three persons 201 to 203 are all in focus.

  In this digital camera 10, a plurality of subjects are positioned at different distances from the digital camera 10 in the shooting screen as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, or from a direction orthogonal to the optical axis O as shown in FIG. 6C. When photographing a tilted subject, the image sensor 31 can be tilted to focus on a plurality of subjects and all areas of the subject. This tilt correction operation will be described in detail with further reference to FIGS.

  8A and 8B show an embodiment in which focus detection can be performed on subjects (subject images) corresponding to nine focus detection areas (1, 1) to (3, 3) on the shooting screen (imaging device) 33a. ing. In the illustrated embodiment, three focus detection areas (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 2) arranged in the lateral direction (vertical direction, vertical direction, gravity direction during normal position shooting) of the horizontally long shooting screen 33a. 1, 3), three focus detection areas (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), and three focus detection areas (3, 1), (3, 2), (3 , 3) are arranged in a 3 × 3 matrix. The three focus detection areas (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3) and the three focus detection areas (3, 1), (2, 2), (1, 3) are horizontally long. Are arranged in an oblique direction that is both inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction (horizontal direction, lateral direction, direction perpendicular to the gravitational direction at the time of normal position photographing) and the lateral direction.

  FIG. 8B shows three focus detection areas (1, 2) arranged in the longitudinal direction at the center in the short direction of the photographing screen 33a in the focus detection areas (1, 1) to (3, 3) of FIG. 8A. ), (2, 2), (3, 2) are selected. On the photographing screen 33a, the selected focus detection areas (1, 2), (2, 2), and (3, 2) are surrounded by a thick line frame, and the focus detection areas (1, 1) that are not selected are displayed. It can be identified as (2,1), (3,1), (1,3), (2,3), (3,3). In addition to the thick lines, the selection display can be applied with a method of visually distinguishing such as darkening the color, adding a color, changing the color, or graying out an unselected area (displaying lightly).

  FIG. 9A shows a state in which the state of shooting with the composition of FIG. 6A is displayed superimposed on the shooting screen 33a of FIG. 8B. The three persons 201 to 203 overlap the focus detection areas (1, 2), (2, 2), and (3, 2), and the focus shift amount (for each of the focus detection areas (persons 201 to 203) ( Defocus amount) is detected.

  In this embodiment, it is assumed that the focusing operation is performed on the central focus detection area (2, 2) in the initial state. FIG. 9B is a graph showing the amount of focus shift in the three horizontal focus detection areas (1, 2), (2, 2), and (3, 2) arranged in the longitudinal direction. In the figure, the vertical axis represents the focus shift amount, and the horizontal axis represents the focus detection area. As is apparent from this graph, since the focus detection area (2, 2) (center person 202) in the center is in focus, the amount of focus shift is 0, and the focus detection area (1, 2) (left) ( The left person 201) has a focus shift amount 1 at the rear pin, and the right focus detection area (3, 2) (right person 203) has a focus shift amount 2 at the front pin.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, the image sensor 31 is tilted (tilted) so that the selected three focus detection areas (1, 2), (2, 2), and (3, 2) are all in focus. Here, the area of the imaging surface 31a on which the left person 201 at a short distance is projected is moved away from the main plane LS by the amount of defocus 1 and the area of the imaging surface 31a on which the right person 203 at a long distance is projected. Is tilted about an axis in the X (longitudinal) direction passing through the imaging surface center 31o so as to approach the main plane LS by the focal shift amount 2 (FIG. 7). By tilting the image sensor 31 in this way, not only the central person 202 but also the near persons 201 and 203 are focused. The center person 202 is maintained in a focused state because the distance a from the main plane LS to the imaging surface center 31o does not fluctuate because the imaging element 31 is tilted about the imaging surface center 31o.
The digital camera 10 detects focus shift amounts for the three focus detection areas (1, 2), (2, 2), and (3, 2), and images each focus shift amount to 0, that is, in-focus. Since the element 31 is tilt-corrected, all three persons 201 to 203 having different subject distances can be focused simultaneously.

  FIG. 10A selects three vertical focus detection areas (2, 1), (2, 2), and (2, 3) arranged in the short direction at the center of the shooting screen 33a, and moves the image sensor 31 in the Y direction (short). FIG. 10B shows an example in which three focus detection areas (3, 1), (2, 2) and (1, 3) arranged in an oblique direction are selected, and the focus detection area ( 3, 1), (2, 2), and (1, 3). That is, it is rotated (tilted) about an axis in a direction orthogonal to the arrangement direction of the selected focus detection area. The above is an example, and the digital camera 10 can select other vertical, horizontal, and oblique focus detection areas. When the subject distance of the subject changes in a certain direction, it is only necessary to select a focus detection area in that certain direction. The number and arrangement of the focus detection rears (1, 1) to (3, 3) are not limited to the illustrated embodiment.

  An embodiment of an automatic tilt correction operation by the digital camera 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the phase difference detection circuit 70 when the automatic focus adjustment device of the digital camera 10 is a phase difference detection method.

  The phase difference detection circuit 70 can detect a focus shift amount (defocus amount) for subjects in a plurality of focus detection areas (1, 1) to (m, n) in the shooting screen 33a. Focus detection means) 71. The phase difference sensor unit 71 includes distance measuring sensors (1, 1) to (m, n) corresponding to the focus detection areas (1, 1) to (m, n), and each distance measuring sensor (1, 1). ) To (m, n) have a pair of sensor rows, and receive one and the other of the pair of pupil-divided subject light beams and output a pair of image signals. Note that the symbols m and n are integers of 1 or more, and may be the same or different, but in the embodiment of FIG. 8, the maximum value is m = n = 3.

  The distance measuring sensors (1, 1) to (m, n) output a pair of image signals to the focus detection unit 72. The focus detection unit (focus shift amount detection means) 72 includes focus detection units (1, 1) to (m, n) corresponding to the distance measuring sensors (1, 1) to (m, n). The detection units (1, 1) to (m, n) detect a phase difference between the pair of image signals and output the phase difference to a focus shift amount detection unit (focus shift amount detection means) 73. The focus shift amount detection unit 73 calculates the focus shift amount for each focus detection unit (1, 1) to (m, n) and outputs the focus shift amount to the body CPU 20.

  The body CPU 20 causes the focus shift amount of any one or more focus detection areas selected from the focus detection areas (1, 1) to (m, n) to be 0 (in-focus, in-focus). In addition, there is an automatic focus adjustment (focusing) operation in which the focus adjustment lens group FL of the photographing lens 100 is driven in the optical axis direction (front-rear drive) by the AF unit 22 and all the focus shift amounts of the selected plurality of focus detection areas. A tilt correction operation for tilting the image sensor 31 so as to be 0 or (the absolute value is minimized) is performed. In one embodiment, the focus adjustment operation is performed based on the focus shift amount of the focus detection area closest to the center of the shooting screen 33a in the selected focus detection area, or, for example, between a plurality of focus shift amounts. Based on the value. Thereafter, the tilt correction operation is performed so that the focus shift amount becomes zero for the other selected focus detection areas.

  The automatic tilt (tilt) correction operation of the digital camera 10 will be described in more detail with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. It is assumed that the nine focus detection areas (1, 1) to (3, 3) and focus detection units (1, 1) to (3, 3) shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B are provided. When the digital camera 10 is turned on, the body CPU 20 drives the stage device 60 via the image stabilization / tilt control circuit 41 and the actuator drive circuit 42, and images the image sensor 31 on the movable stage 61. The surface 31a is orthogonal to the optical axis O, the optical axis O is incident on the center of the imaging surface 31a, and the position of the imaging surface 31a in the optical axis O direction is held at an initial position that matches the designed optical axis direction position. . In the initial state in which the image sensor 31 is held at the initial position, the digital camera 10 performs monitor preparation images such as a focus adjustment operation before photographing, a photographing preparation operation such as a photometric operation, and a shake correction operation while the monitor image captured by the image sensor 31 is captured. The image is displayed on the image display unit 33. The digital camera 10 of this embodiment will be described assuming that the automatic tilt correction operation starts from the initial state after the focus adjustment operation. The following operations are controlled by the body CPU 20 of the digital camera 10 in an integrated manner, and the body CPU 20 performs arithmetic, driving, and correcting operations.

  The digital camera 10 selects (designates or determines) a focus adjustment range in the photographing screen, that is, a focus detection area used for the tilt correction operation, from the focus detection areas (1, 1) to (3, 3) ( S11).

  The initial tilt amount (tilt amount) is stored in the RAM 23a (S13). The initial tilt amount is 0 in the initial state, but if the image sensor 31 has already been tilted, the tilt amount is input via the position detection circuit 43 and stored in the RAM 20a.

  The magnification M is calculated from the focal length f, the subject distance b, and the image plane distance a, and stored in the RAM 20a as a magnification amount (S15).

  A focus shift amount of each selected focus detection area is detected (S17), and a difference between the focus shift amounts is calculated (S19).

  The tilt correction amount is calculated so that the focus shift amount of the selected focus detection area is minimized (S21). For example, in the example shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the tilt correction of the image sensor 31 is performed so that the focus shift amounts in the focus detection areas (1, 2), (2, 2), and (3, 2) are minimized. The amount (tilt correction amount) is calculated.

Based on the calculated tilt correction amount, the image sensor 31 is tilt-corrected by the stage device 60 (S23).
After the tilt correction operation, the focus shift amount is detected for the selected focus detection area, and when the focus shift amount has occurred, the image pickup device 31 is finely moved in the optical axis direction by the stage device 60 (fine translation drive in the front-rear direction). Then, the focus correction (focus adjustment) operation is performed (S25), and the automatic tilt correction operation is terminated (S27).

  When the digital camera 10 detects different focus shift amounts in the focus detection areas designated or selected from the focus detection areas (1, 1) to (3, 3), all the focus shift amounts designated or selected are 0. That is, since the image sensor 31 is tilt-corrected so as to be focused, it is possible to focus on all subjects (all subject areas). The photographer does not need to perform a tilt operation manually, and can easily perform special shooting such as tilt shooting.

  The digital camera 10 can obtain a high-quality image in which the entire subject is in focus by performing a still image shooting operation after the automatic tilt correction operation is completed (S27).

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the focus adjustment lens group FL is driven to focus when the focus shift amount detected in step S25 is larger than the translatable amount of the image pickup device 31 in the optical axis O direction by the stage device 60. A correction operation may be performed.
The focus correction process in step S25 may be omitted. In the case of shutter priority or the like, the possibility of missing a photo opportunity is reduced.

  FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of the contrast detection circuit 80 when the automatic focus adjustment device (focus detection means) of the digital camera 10 is an image contrast detection method. The contrast detection circuit 80 includes a focus detection unit (focus detection unit) 82 and a focus shift amount detection unit (focus shift amount detection unit) 83. The focus detection unit 82 includes a plurality of focus detection units (1, 1) to (m, n) corresponding to the focus detection areas (1, 1) to (m, n). The image processing unit 32 performs predetermined image processing on the image signal captured and output by the image sensor 31 and outputs the image signal to the contrast detection circuit 80. The contrast detection circuit 80 detects the contrast based on the image signals of the image areas corresponding to the focus detection areas (1, 1) to (m, n) by the focus detection units (1, 1) to (m, n). And output to the defocus amount detector 83. The defocus amount detection unit 83 links the position of the focus adjustment lens group FL and the focus detection areas (1, 1) to (m, n) to store the contrast.

  The above-described contrast detection and contrast memory are repeatedly executed while the focus adjustment lens group FL is moved by the AF unit 22 from the shortest shooting position toward the infinite focus position or vice versa. Thus, the focus shift amount detection unit 83 focuses the position of the focus adjustment lens group FL in the optical axis direction when the contrast peak is obtained for each focus detection area (1, 1) to (m, n). The position is detected, and the difference between the focus position serving as a reference, for example, the focus position of the central focus detection area and the focus position of another focus detection area is calculated and set as the focus shift amount.

  FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of an automatic tilt correction operation in the case where the digital camera 10 includes the above-described contrast detection type automatic focus adjustment device. The same step S number is assigned to the same operation as the automatic tilt correction operation shown in FIG. In this embodiment, nine focus detection units (1, 1) to (3, 3) corresponding to the nine focus detection areas (1, 1) to (3, 3) shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B are used. 3).

  As in the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the digital camera 10 performs the automatic tilt correction operation on the focus adjustment area (any one of the focus detection areas (1, 1) to (3, 3)) in the shooting screen. The above is determined (designated or selected) (S11), the initial tilt amount is stored in the RAM 23a (S13), the magnification M is calculated and stored in the RAM 20a as the magnification amount (S15).

  The image sensor 31 is finely moved (translated) in the direction of the optical axis O (S16-1), and the contrast of the selected focus detection area is detected by the contrast detection circuit 80 (S16-2). Here, the image sensor 31 is finely moved (translated) in the optical axis O direction by the stage device 60 to detect the contrast of the selected focus detection area, and the image sensor 31 is moved forward or backward in the optical axis direction by the stage device 60. Repeatedly while finely moving, the contrast peak and the position in the optical axis direction of the image sensor 31 when the peak is obtained are detected. The difference in the position in the optical axis direction of the image sensor 31 from which the contrast peak of the selected focus detection area is obtained is calculated.

  The contrast peak of the designated or selected focus detection area and the position in the optical axis direction of the image sensor 31 where the peak is obtained are stored in the RAM 20a (S16-3).

  The tilt correction amount that maximizes the contrast of the designated or selected focus detection area (the focus shift amount is 0 or close to 0) is calculated (S16-4).

Based on the calculated tilt correction amount, the image sensor 31 is tilt-corrected by the stage device 60 (S23).
After the tilt correction operation, the focus shift amount is detected in the designated focus detection area, and when the focus shift amount is generated by the tilt correction operation, the focus (focal point) that finely moves the image sensor 31 in the optical axis direction by the stage device 60. The correction operation is performed (S25), and the automatic tilt correction operation is terminated (S27). When the focus shift amount is larger than the movable amount of the image sensor 31 in the optical axis O direction, the focus adjustment lens group FL is driven to perform the focus correction operation.

  The digital camera 10 can focus on all subjects (all subject regions) within the selected or designated focus detection area by the above tilt correction operation.

The automatic tilt correction operation can be configured such that the focus detection area to be focused is selected or specified in units of groups from the focus detection areas grouped in advance, or can be individually specified by the user. In the grouping, for example, a plurality of focus detection areas in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or the oblique direction are grouped, and a priority mode that preferentially uses the grouped focus detection areas is set. The priority modes include a horizontal direction priority mode, a vertical direction priority mode, and a diagonal priority mode.
In addition, for all or a plurality of focus detection areas, there is an overall priority (total focus shift amount minimum) mode in which the tilt correction operation is performed so that the absolute value of the focus shift amount is the minimum (the absolute value is the sum or the average value is the minimum). is there.

The horizontal priority mode is a mode in which priority is given to the horizontal direction of the image plane, and the amount of defocus on the object plane is arranged in a plurality of horizontal directions (lateral directions) parallel to the longitudinal direction of the imaging screen 33a (imaging plane 31a). Is detected for each focus detection area (FIG. 8B) to detect the horizontal inclination (difference in perspective) of the subject (object plane), and the imaging device 31 is orthogonal to the horizontal direction by the stage device 60 based on the detection result. This is a tilt correction operation mode for tilting (tilting) in the vertical direction.
The vertical priority mode is a mode in which the gravity direction of the image plane is prioritized, and the defocus amount of the m object plane is arranged in the vertical direction (longitudinal direction, gravity direction) parallel to the short direction of the shooting screen 33a (imaging plane 31a). Detected for each of the plurality of focus detection areas (FIG. 10A), the vertical inclination (difference in perspective) of the subject (object plane) is detected, and based on the detection result, the image sensor 31 is moved vertically by the stage device 60. Is a tilt correction operation mode in which tilting (tilting) is performed about a horizontal direction orthogonal to the horizontal direction.
The oblique direction priority mode is a mode in which the oblique direction of the image plane is prioritized, and an oblique direction (rightward) in which the amount of defocus on the object plane is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction and the short direction of the imaging screen 33a (imaging surface 31a). Inclination (perspective difference) in the oblique direction of the subject (object plane) is detected for each of a plurality of focus detection areas (FIG. 10B) arranged at the lower and lower left positions, and the image sensor 31 is detected based on the detection result. Is a tilt correction operation mode in which the stage device 60 is tilted (tilted) around a direction orthogonal to the oblique direction. The tilt correction operation in the oblique direction can be realized by a combination of a tilt around the vertical direction and a tilt around the horizontal direction.
In the overall priority mode, the amount of focus shift in all or a plurality of focus detection areas is detected, and the image pickup device 31 is rotated in the horizontal direction and vertically so that the total or average value of focus shift amounts (absolute values) is minimized. This is a tilt correction operation mode that tilts (tilts) around the direction and translates in the optical axis direction.

  The above priority mode can be selected by a configuration that is set by the tilt setting circuit 46 in response to the operation of the tilt setting switch group 45 provided in the digital camera 10.

  In another aspect of selecting the focus detection area, the photographer himself designates or selects a plurality of focus detection areas or a plurality of subject portions that the photographer desires to focus (use for tilt correction operation). A configuration in which the focus detection area displayed on the image display unit 33 is selected by the tilt setting operation switch group 45, or when the image display unit 33 is a touch panel display device, the image display unit 33 is touched with a finger, There is a configuration in which an instruction (contact operation) is performed by tapping or sliding. When the touch panel display device is used, it is possible to select a subject portion (focus detection area) for which focusing is prioritized by tracing with a finger.

  In another aspect of selecting another focus detection area, the digital camera 10 is swung in the tilt direction that the photographer wants to prioritize. For example, when the digital camera 10 is held in the normal position and swings in the horizontal direction, the horizontal priority mode in which the horizontal focus detection area is given priority is selected, and when the digital camera 10 is swung in the vertical direction, the vertical focus detection area is given priority. The vertical priority mode is selected. The swing direction can be detected by using the detection results of the X direction acceleration detection unit GSX, the Y direction acceleration detection unit GSY, and the Z direction acceleration detection unit GSZ.

  In the case of a digital single-lens reflex camera in which the digital camera 10 includes an optical finder (finder device) and a focus detection area is displayed in the field of view of the optical finder, the photographer composes the photographed subject while observing the subject with the optical finder. And a plurality of points to be focused (displayed focus detection areas) are designated by switch operation. The indication point at that time is stored by the position and coordinates of the image. Thereafter, the image sensor 31 is tilt-corrected to perform automatic focus adjustment so that the focal point at the indicated position becomes optimal at the moment of release. Also, a viewpoint (line of sight) detection device is mounted on the optical viewfinder device, and a subject area (focus detection area) that matches the photographer's line of sight is selected, a focus detection area in the direction of movement of the line of sight is selected, or It is also possible to select a priority mode in the moving direction. The viewfinder device may be an electronic viewfinder device that observes a display that displays a subject image captured by an image sensor through an eyepiece.

  The stage device 60 of this embodiment has a moving coil configuration in which the permanent magnet is fixed to the front and rear fixed yokes, and the driving coil and the Hall element are fixed to the movable stage. However, the permanent magnet is fixed to the movable stage and the driving coil is fixed. In addition, a moving magnet configuration in which the Hall element is fixed to the front and rear fixed yokes may be used. According to the moving magnet configuration, the number of flexible printed circuit boards drawn out from the movable stage is reduced, the load on the movable stage is reduced, and the movable stage can be driven quickly and accurately.

  The shake correction device of the present invention includes a so-called mirrorless digital camera, single-lens digital camera, compact digital camera, digital video camera, drive recorder, action camera, digital camera mounted on a portable terminal, and the like, as well as an interchangeable lens mirror. The present invention can be applied to various photographing devices and optical devices such as a tube and a camera-integrated lens.

  The present invention can also be applied to projectors, laser scanners, and the like that project video, data, and the like. When applied to a projector, projection light is incident on one side (rear side) of the movable stage 61 in the thickness direction (first direction, Z direction) substantially at the center of the movable stage 61 of the stage device. An image forming element (liquid crystal panel) that emits toward the projection optical system on the side (front), or a projection light beam that is incident on the approximate center of the movable stage 61 from a direction different from the first direction (Z direction), A DMD (digital mirror device, digital micromirror device) panel that reflects in a first direction (projection optical system direction) can be mounted. The movable stage 61 may be equipped with a projection optical system instead of the image forming element.

FIG. 15 shows an outline of an embodiment of an image projection apparatus (projector) provided with a stage apparatus 60 having a movable stage 61. This embodiment includes a light source 85, an illumination optical system 86 that uniformizes light emitted from the light source 85, an image forming element 87 that forms an image by receiving illumination light emitted from the illumination optical system 86, and the image. A movable stage 61 having a forming element 87 fixed in the opening 61c and a projection optical system 88 for projecting an image formed by the image forming element 87 are provided. Specifically, the image forming element 87 is a liquid crystal panel or a DMD panel. The image forming element 87 is provided in the projector casing or the projection optical system 88 via the movable stage 61, and the image forming element 87 is in a state where the movable stage 61 is not driven (held at the initial position). The plane on which the image is formed is arranged in the projector so as to be perpendicular to the optical axis O of the projection optical system 88 or the optical axis of any lens in the projection optical system 88. . The movable stage 61 is translated in the optical axis O direction (first direction), the second or third direction, or tilted around the first, second, or third direction, etc., to thereby form the image forming element 87. The projection direction and projection position can be adjusted by changing the direction of the projection light beam that passes through the (liquid crystal panel) and travels toward the projection optical system 88, or the direction of the projection light that reflects off the DMD panel and travels toward the projection optical system 88. The tilt of the image can be adjusted, or the focus can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the liquid crystal panel or DMD panel and the projection optical system.
Note that the projector may further include a focus detection unit that detects the amount of focus shift, and a trapezoid detection unit that detects distortion of the projection image, for example. These detection means are used at the time of focusing and trapezoidal distortion correction. In particular, trapezoidal distortion correction can be automatically corrected by detecting the amount of trapezoidal distortion by providing a trapezoidal detection means and tilting the image plane by the image plane tilting means based on the amount of focus deviation. .

  Furthermore, the projector can be applied to digital signage. Specifically, the present invention can be applied to shake correction when mounted on a moving object such as in a train or car, or shake correction when mounted on a movable robot. Furthermore, camera shake can be corrected efficiently by mounting on a small handheld projector. In addition, it is also possible to mount a projector in general photographing apparatuses. When a small projector is mounted on the main body of the photographic device or its display unit, the photographic image is corrected by translation and tilting of a movable stage that holds one of the optical elements of the image sensor and photographic optical system during shooting. At the time of projection, correction of projection shake may be performed so that the projected image does not shake due to translation, tilting, etc. of the movable stage holding the image forming element. When mounted on a projector, it is possible to achieve higher resolution by shifting the image forming element by half a pixel or one pixel to increase the number of pixels to be displayed. However, instead of shifting the pixel or by shifting the pixel, In addition to the tilting, high resolution can be achieved.

  The present invention can also be applied to a lens barrel (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2015-4769, etc.) provided with a correction optical system that drives one of the optical elements of the photographing optical system as a correction optical element. . For example, in the photographing lens 101, one or a plurality of optical elements constituting the photographing optical system can be used as a correction optical element (driven member). In this embodiment, the lens between the first lens group 91 and the second lens group 93 is used as a driven member (correcting optical element) 92 (FIG. 16). In the case of this embodiment, the correction optical element 92 is mounted in the opening 61 c formed at the approximate center of the movable stage 61. According to this embodiment, the movable stage (correcting optical element 92) 61 is translated in the optical axis O direction (first direction), the second or third direction, or the first, second, or third direction. By tilting around, special shooting such as shake correction operation and tilt shooting is possible. Furthermore, in this embodiment, focusing fine adjustment is possible by moving the movable stage (correcting optical element 92) 61 in the optical axis O direction (first direction).

  In addition, the present invention can also perform a shake correction operation, a focus adjustment operation by tilting, and other special shooting operations by cooperating the shake correction device mounted on the photographing lens and the shake correction device mounted on the camera body. .

10 Digital camera 11 Camera body 20 Body CPU (Tilt control means, calculation means, position detection means)
21 Camera operation unit 22 AF unit (focus adjustment means)
23 Exposure control unit 24 Lens communication unit 30 Imaging block 31 Image sensor (image plane tilting means)
31a Imaging surface 32 Image processing unit 33 Image display unit (monitor, touch panel display device)
33a Shooting screen 34 Memory card 35 Contrast detector 41 Anti-vibration / tilt control circuit 42 Actuator drive circuit 43 Position detection circuit (position detection means, calculation means)
44 shake detection circuit 45 tilt operation switch group (manual selection means)
46 Tilt setting circuit (tilt setting means)
60 Stage device (image plane tilt / shift means, screen tilt / shift means)
61 Movable stage (movable member)
61a Image sensor mounting hole 62 Front fixed yoke (base member)
62a Opening 63 Rear fixed yoke (base member)
63a Opening 70 Phase difference detection circuit (focus detection means, defocus amount detection means)
71 Phase difference sensor unit 72 Focus detection section (focus detection means, focus deviation amount detection means)
73 Focus shift amount detection unit (focus detection means, focus shift amount detection means)
80 Contrast detection circuit (focus detection means, defocus amount detection means)
82 focus detection unit 83 focus shift amount detection unit (focus shift amount detection means)
100 Shooting lens (shooting optical system)
FL Focusing lens group (focusing optics)
AL correction optical element (image plane tilting means)
CX X drive coil (drive coil)
CYA, CYB Y drive coil (drive coil)
CZA, CZB, CZC Z drive coil (drive coil)
HX1, HX2 Hall element for X direction (position detection means)
HYA1, HYA2, HYB1, HYB2 Y-direction Hall element (position detecting means)
HZA1, HZA2, HZB1, HZB2, HZC1, HZC2 Hall element for Z direction (position detecting means)
MX1, MX2 X direction magnets MYA1, MYB1, MYA2, MYB2 Y direction magnets MZA1, MZA2, MZB1, MZB2, MZC1, MZC2 Z direction magnets GSX X direction acceleration detection unit (acceleration sensor, shake detection means)
GSY Y-direction acceleration detection unit (acceleration sensor, shake detection means)
GSZ Z direction acceleration detection unit (acceleration sensor, shake detection means)
GSα pitch detector (acceleration sensor, shake detection means)
GSβ roll detector (acceleration sensor, shake detector)
GSγ yaw detection unit (acceleration sensor, shake detection means)

Claims (15)

An image plane tilting means capable of tilting the image plane with respect to the optical axis orthogonal plane orthogonal to the optical axis of the photographing optical system;
A focus detection means having a plurality of focus detection areas;
Tilt control means for tilting the image plane by the image plane tilting means based on the amount of focus shift of the plurality of focus detection areas,
An imaging apparatus comprising:   2. The photographing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the focus detection unit includes a focus shift amount detection unit that detects a focus shift amount for each of the plurality of focus detection areas, and is based on at least one of the plurality of focus shift amounts. An imaging apparatus further comprising a focus adjusting means for driving the focus adjusting optical element to the in-focus position.   3. The tilt correction amount for tilting the image plane so that the plurality of focus shift amounts are minimized based on the focus shift amounts of the plurality of focus detection areas detected by the focus shift amount detection unit. An imaging device further comprising a computing means for computing.   4. The photographing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of focus detection areas are a plurality of focus detection areas arranged in one or more directions of two directions orthogonal to each other and an oblique direction inclined with respect to the two directions. In addition, the calculation unit may calculate the tilt correction amount based on at least a focus shift amount detected in a plurality of focus detection areas in any one or more directions.   5. The photographing apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a manual selection unit that manually selects a focus detection area for detecting the focus shift amount.   6. The photographing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of priority modes for preferentially selecting a focus detection area for detecting the defocus amount are selected, and one of the plurality of priority modes is selected. An imaging apparatus further comprising priority mode selection means.   7. The imaging apparatus according to claim 6, wherein an imaging surface that receives the image plane includes a rectangular imaging device, and the priority mode selection unit includes a horizontal priority mode that prioritizes at least the horizontal direction of the image plane, and gravity of the image plane. An imaging apparatus that selectively selects one priority selection mode from a vertical priority mode that prioritizes a direction and an oblique priority mode that prioritizes an oblique direction inclined with respect to a horizontal direction and a gravity direction of an image plane.   The imaging device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, comprising: an imaging device that captures a subject image formed by the imaging optical system; and a touch panel display device that displays the subject image captured by the imaging device, The manual selection means or the priority mode selection means is a photographing apparatus that performs a selection operation in response to a touch operation on the touch panel display device.   8. The photographing apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising an acceleration sensor that detects a direction in which the photographing apparatus is shaken, wherein the priority mode selection unit selects the priority mode based on the direction detected by the acceleration sensor. Shooting device to do.   8. The photographing apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising: a finder device for observing the image plane; and a viewpoint detection device for detecting a viewpoint of a user looking into the finder device, the manual selection means or The priority mode selection means is a photographing device that selects a focus detection area in which the viewpoints detected by the viewpoint detection device match or a focus detection area in a direction in which the viewpoint moves.   11. The photographing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the image plane tilting unit includes one or more optical elements of an image sensor or a photographing optical system, and the tilt control unit includes the image sensor or the image sensor. An imaging device that tilts an image plane by tilting an optical element with respect to a plane orthogonal to the optical axis.   12. The photographing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the image plane tilting unit is capable of translationally driving the image plane in the optical axis direction, and the focus adjusting unit moves the image plane in the optical axis direction via the image plane tilting unit. An image-taking device that can be fine-tuned and fine-tuned.   13. The imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the focus adjustment unit is configured to adjust the focus adjustment optical element based on a focus shift amount of a focus detection area closest to the shooting center among a plurality of focus shift amounts. An imaging device that drives the camera to the in-focus position.   14. The photographing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the defocus amount detection means detects the defocus amount based on a phase difference between a pair of subject light beams obtained by dividing the subject light beam in the focus detection area into pupils. An imaging apparatus that is a phase difference detection type focus detection means. An image forming element for forming an image;
A projection optical system for projecting an image formed by the image forming means;
Image tilting means for tilting the projected image;
Distortion detecting means for detecting distortion of the projected image;
Tilt control means for tilting the image projected by the image tilt means according to the strain detected by the strain detection means;
An image projection apparatus comprising:

Images