JP2016531920A - Cd70結合ペプチドおよびそれに関連する方法、プロセスおよび用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、医学/獣医学診断および医学/獣医学研究を含むヒト医学および獣医学の分野に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、当該分野または他の分野の使用に適したペプチド、すなわち、細胞表面タンパク質、特にCD70と結合する抗体を含むペプチドに関する。
TNF受容体のファミリーメンバであるCD27は、ヒトT細胞上の膜分子として同定された(van Lier et al., 1987, J Immunol 139:1589-96)。現在の証拠によると、CD27は、TNFのファミリーメンバである単一のリガンドCD70を有している(Goodwin et al., 1993, Cell 73:447-56)。
本発明の発明者は、市販のCD70結合(CD70-binding)抗体がCD27−CD70の相互作用を阻害するため、CD27−CD70経路の免疫拒絶力を利用しないことを発見した。このことは、既知のCD70結合抗体および任意の他の既知のCD70結合ペプチドの共通特徴であると予想される。いかなる理論に拘束されないが、このことは、既知の抗体(および他の結合ペプチド)がCD27−CD70の相互作用を阻害する場所に結合することを引き起こすCD27と結合するCD70領域またはその領域の周りに存在するエピトープの免疫優性(または結合優勢)に起因すると仮定されている。公知のCD70結合ペプチド、たとえば抗体のこの欠点は、当該技術分野において理解されていない。
配列表は、本発明の方法を用いて得られた9つの免疫グロブリン(hCD70.17、hCD70.21、hCD70.23、hCD70.27、hCD70.29、hCD70.32、hCD70.34、hCD70.36、hCD70.39)のVH鎖およびVL鎖のアミノ酸配列およびコーディングDNA配列を示している。また、配列表は、これらの免疫グロブリンのVH鎖およびVL鎖両方のCDR領域のアミノ酸配列を示している。以下の表1において、配列番号は、それぞれの配列に相関する。
CD70結合(CD70-binding)ペプチドを得るための本発明の方法において、バインダペプチドのライブラリが形成される。用語「ライブラリ」は、当該技術分野内に既知である。この用語の既知意味の範囲において、「バインダペプチドのライブラリ」は、異なるバインダペプチドの集合またはアレイとして理解することができる。ペプチドライブラリに関連して、用語「バインダペプチド」または代替的に「結合ペプチド」は、他の化合物および/または構造と結合する潜在能力を有するペプチド、具体的にエピトープ、より具体的にエピトープを指すと理解することができる。特に、本発明において、バインダペプチドは、CD70と結合する潜在能力を有している。
「単鎖Fv抗体」(または「scFv抗体」)は、抗体のポリペプチド単鎖に存在するVHドメインおよびVLドメインを含む抗体断片を指す。一般に、Fvポリペプチドはさらに、VHドメインとVLドメインの間に存在し、scFv抗体が所望の抗原結合構造を形成することを可能にするポリペプチドリンカー(linker)を含む。scFvに関する概説は、Pluckthun, 1994, The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies, vol. 113, Rosenburg and Moore eds. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 269-315, 国際特許出願公開公報WO 88/01649、および米国特許第4,946,778号および第5,260,203号を参照する。
実施例
報告された抗hCD70抗体がCD27−CD70の相互作用を阻害することを確認するために、細胞ベースのELISA実験を用いて、阻害活性を確定した。まず、細胞発現されたhCD70に対する抗hCD70抗体の結合活性を決定するために、市販の抗hCD70抗体(表2を参照)を用いて、細胞ベースのELISA実験を行った。細胞ベースのELISA実験において、すべての温置ステップを行った後、PBST(0.01%のTween 20を含有するPBS)を用いて、洗浄ステップを行った。CHO−K1.hCD70細胞を(4万細胞/ウェルで)組織培養プレートに接種し、37℃で一晩温置した。翌日、培地を除去し、細胞を精製された抗体(の希釈液)とともに37℃で1時間温置した。次に、細胞をPBSTで3回洗浄し、1:1000ヤギ抗マウスIgG−HRP(Southern Biotechnology, #1030-05)とともに37℃で1時間温置した。その後、細胞をPBSTで6回洗浄し、100μlのTMB安定Chromagen(Invitrogen社、カタログ番号:SB02)を用いて、抗hCD70免疫反応物を可視化した。100μlの0.5MH2SO4を用いて、反応を停止し、450nmおよび620nmで吸光度を読み取った。図1Aに示すように、異なる抗hCD70抗体は、類似の結合強度でhCD70と結合した。結合信号全体の50%が観察される濃度を表すEC50計算値は、表2に示される。
hCD70cDNAによるマウスの免疫化
CD27結合に対して減少した阻害活性を有するヒトCD70タンパク質の抗体を単離するために、hCD70 cDNAを用いて、マウスを免疫した。次に、減少した阻害活性を有する抗hCD70を発現するB細胞を特異的に単離するために、選択手順を設計および開発した。
具体的には、阻止特性減少した抗hCD70抗体を産生するB細胞を選択するために、阻害活性減少した抗hCD70抗体を発現するB細胞に優先的に結合する選択戦略を設計および開発した。10μgのhCD70組換え体(CD70(h)−muCD8融合タンパク質(Ancell社、カタログ番号:ANC-537-030)と共に、5×107個のM−280ストレプトアビジン磁気ダイナビーズ(カタログ番号:112.06D)を500μlのPBS/1%BSAに4時間温置した。次に、上清液を吸取り、PBS/1%BSAで2回洗浄した後、10μgのhCD27−Fcの組換えタンパク質(R&D systems, 382-CD)を500μlのPBS/1%BSAに入れて、結合させた(図2)。一晩温置の後、毎回5mlのDMEM F12/P/S/10%BCS媒体を用いて、CD70−CD27複合したビーズを10回洗浄した。陰性選択物として、5×107個のM−280ストレプトアビジン磁気ダイナビーズ(カタログ番号:112.06D)を500μlのPBS/1%BSAに温置した。次に、上清液を吸取り、PBS/1%BSAで2回洗浄した後、10μgのhCD27−Fcの組換えタンパク質(R&D systems, 382-CD)を500μlのPBS/1%BSAに入れて、結合させた。一晩温置の後、毎回5mlのDMEM F12/P/S/10%BCS媒体を用いて、CD70−CD27複合したビーズを10回洗浄した。
hCD70雑種細胞のクローン細胞集団は、2回限界希釈することによって得られた。安定の雑種細胞を無血清培地で7〜10日間培養した。上清液を回収し、0.22μMのニトロセルロース膜で濾過した。製造業者の使用説明書にしたがって、Prosep-Aスピンカラム(Millipore社、カタログ番号:LSK2ABA60)を用いて、抗体を精製した。PD−10ゲル濾過カラム(GE Healthcare社)を用いて、緩衝液をPBSに交換した。抗体は、Amicon Ultra-15遠心式濾過ユニット(Millipore社, Billerica, MA)を用いて濃縮され、分光光度計を用いて定量化した。マウスモノクローナル抗体アイソタイピング試験キット(Roche社, #11493027001)を用いて、すべてのhCD70抗体の(サブ)アイソタイプは、IgG1−Κであると決定された。
細胞発現されたhCD70に対する抗hCD70抗体の結合活性を決定するために、精製されたhCD70抗体を用いて、細胞ベースのELISA実験を行った。この細胞ELISA実験において、すべての温置ステップを行った後、PBST(0.01%のTween 20を含有するPBS)を用いて、洗浄ステップを行った。CHO−K1.hCD70細胞を(4万細胞/ウェルで)組織培養プレートに接種し、37℃で一晩温置した。翌日、培地を除去し、細胞を精製された抗体(の希釈液)とともに37℃で1時間温置した。次に、細胞をPBSTで洗浄し、1:1000ヤギ抗マウスIgG−HRP(Southern Biotechnology社, #1030-05)とともに37℃で1時間温置した。その後、細胞をPBSTで6回洗浄し、100μlのTMB安定Chromagen(Invitrogen社、カタログ番号:SB02)を用いて、抗hCD70免疫反応物を可視化した。100μlの0.5MのH2SO4を用いて、反応を停止し、450nmおよび620nmで吸光度を読み取った。図3Aおよび図4Aに示すように、異なるhCD70抗体は、類似の結合強度でhCD70に結合した。結合信号全体の50%が観察される濃度を表すEC50計算値は、表3に示される(2F2抗hCD70抗体(Pelicluster社)を基準物として使用する)。
阻害活性減少した単離抗hCD70抗体とCD70+腫瘍細胞との結合を研究するために、WIL2−S細胞株、Daudi細胞株およびRaji細胞株は、アメリカ培養細胞系統保存機関(Manassas, VA)から入手し、RPMI 1640(Gibco社, カタログ番号:52400)、ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(Gibco社, カタログ番号:15140-122)、10%ウシ胎児血清(Hyclone社、ロット番号:DRE0250)、および1%ピルビン酸ナトリウム(Gibco社, カタログ番号:11360, WIL2-S専用)からなる培地に培養した。結合を分析するために、hCD70抗体をPBS/1%BSAで希釈した。100〜20万の細胞を各ウェルプレートの丸底に接種し、遠心分離によりペレット化した。指でプレートを軽打することによって、上清液を除去し、100μlの希釈抗体を加えて4℃で1時間温置した。次に、細胞をPBS/1%BSAで2回洗浄し、100μlのPBS/1%BSAに溶解した1μgのヤギ抗マウスIg FITC(BD PharMingen社, カタログ番号:349031)を添加して、暗所で4℃、30分間温置した。最後に、流動細胞計測装置(FACScanto II)を用いて結合した抗hCD70抗体を分析する前に、細胞をPBS/1%BSAで2回洗浄した。マウスIgG Kアイソタイプ対照物(eBioscience社, カタログ番号:16-4714-85)をアイソタイプ対照物として使用した。取得したデータは、Flowjo v10.0.5を用いて分析した。すべての阻害活性減少した抗hCD70抗体は、腫瘍細胞株から由来したB細胞に結合した(表3)。
補体媒介したCD70+腫瘍細胞の細胞死を誘発する抗hCD70抗体の能力を研究するために、まず、最終濃度約1μg/mlのCalcein AM(Invitrogen社、カタログ番号:C3099)とともに、CD70+腫瘍細胞(たとえば、WIL2S, Raji, Daudi)をPBS溶液に37℃で30分間温置することによって染色した。染色された細胞を遠心分離によってペレット化し、RPMI 1640(Gibco社, カタログ番号:52400)に再懸濁させた。次に、3万個の細胞を各96ウェルプレートの丸底に接種した。RPMI 1640培地中の抗hCD70抗体の一連の希釈液を添加した。最後に、濃度範囲(たとえば、補体濃度16%〜50%)の補体(たとえば、ヒト補体(SigMa社、S17664-1ML)またはLow Tox-Mウサギ補体(Cedarlane社, CL3051)を添加し、37℃で2時間温置した。ヨウ化プロピジウム(BD PharMingen社、51-66211E)を用いて標識した後、流動細胞計測装置を用いて、補体誘発の細胞毒性を評価した。Calcein陽性かつヨウ化プロピジウム陰性の細胞は、生存している細胞を表し、Calcein陰性細胞は、死亡した細胞を表す。
阻害活性減少したCD70抗体がT細胞の活性化に対する影響を研究するために、CHO−K1.CD70細胞およびヒトCD4+T細胞の共培養アッセイを開発した。放射線(3000ラド)で照射した4万個のCHO−K1またはCHO−K1.CD70細胞を各96ウェルプレートに接種した。翌日、単離されたCD4+CD25−細胞を0.5μMのCFSE(Invitrogen社、C34554)とともにPBSに入れて、氷上で10分間放冷することによって染色した。細胞を10%ウシ胎仔血清を補充したDMEM培地(Gibco社、11320)で洗浄し、既にCHO−K1またはCHO−K1.CD70細胞を接種したウェルに接種した。次に、希釈範囲の抗CD70抗体を培地に添加した。最後に、各々の最終濃度0.125μg/mlおよび1μg/mlになるように、抗CD3抗体および抗CD28抗体を添加し、共培養物を37℃、5%CO2および95%湿度で4日間温置した。4日後、細胞を再懸濁し、ヨウ化プロピジウム(BD PharMingen社、556463)で標識した。流動細胞計測装置を用いて増殖を評価した。具体的に、CFSE希釈を用いて、増殖した細胞を検出し、ヨウ化プロピジウムを除外することによって、生存している細胞を検出した。図5に示すように、精製した抗hCD70抗体は、CD70媒介性CD4+T細胞の増殖に対する阻害が減少した。
ペプチドの合成およびPEPSCANスクリーニング
合成した線形ペプチドおよびCLIPSペプチドを合成し、Slootstraら(Slootstra et al., 1996, Mol. Diversity 1: 87-96)およびTimmermanら(Timmerman et al., 2007, J. Mol. Recognit. 20: 283-299)によって記載されたクレジットカード式ミニPEPSCANカード(455個の3μlウェルを有するウェルプレート)を用いて、スクリーニングした。各ペプチドに対する抗体の結合は、PEPSCANに基づく酵素結合免疫測定法(ELISA)によって検測された。共有結合したペプチドを含有する455個のクレジットカード式ポリプロピレンカードを試料(たとえば、5%ウマ血清(体積/体積)および5%オボアルブミン(重量/体積)を含有するPBS溶液に希釈された1μg/mlの抗体)と、1%のTween 80と4℃で一晩温置した。ペプチドを洗浄した後、抗-抗体ペルオキシダーゼ(1/1000希釈液、たとえばウサギ抗マウスペルオキシダーゼ、Southern Biotech社)とともに、(25℃、1時間)温置した。その後、ペルオキシダーゼ基質を洗浄した後、2,2′−アジノ−ジ−3−エチル−2,3−ジヒドロベンゾチアゾール−6−スルホン酸アンモニウム(ABTS)および2μl/mlの3%H2O2を添加した。1時間後、発色を測定した。ELISAの発色は、CCDカメラおよび画像処理システムを用いて定量化した。その構成は、CCDカメラ(ソニーCCDビデオカマラ XC−77RR)、55mmレンズ(ニコン マイクロニッコール 55mm f/2.8レンズ)、カメラアダプタ(ソニーカマラアダプタ DC−77RR)および画像処理ソフトウェアからなる。
TNF相同性ドメインを用いて、CD70の分子モデルを形成した。このモデルに基づいて、合計約1500個の線形ペプチドおよびCLIPSペプチドを合成した。
すべてのペプチドに対して、各抗体を試験し、それらの結合値をランク付けした。明らかに、トップバインダ(〜上位1%)に最も再発する配列は、エピトープの候補として考えられべきである。
縮重プライマPCRに基づく方法を用いて、hCD70.17、hCD70.21、hCD70.23、hCD70.27、hCD70.29、hCD70.32、hCD70.34、hCD70.36およびhCD70.39などのhCD70雑種細胞により発見されたマウス抗体の可変領域をコーディングするDNA配列を決定した。
Claims (15)
- CD70結合ペプチドを得るための方法であって、
バインダペプチドのライブラリを形成するステップと、
固体支持体上に固定された標的ペプチドを用いて、親和性選択によって、前記ライブラリからCD70結合ペプチドを選択するステップとを備え、
前記標的ペプチドは、多くのCD70エピトープとCD70のCD27結合領域とを含み、
前記標的ペプチドは、遮蔽ペプチドと相互作用し、
前記遮蔽ペプチドは、CD27のCD70結合領域またはCD70と結合することができるCD27等価物のCD70結合領域を含むことを特徴とする、方法。 - 前記ライブラリは、哺乳動物からCD70特異的免疫応答を誘発するのに適した試剤を用いて免疫した非ヒト哺乳動物のような哺乳動物から採取されたリンパ細胞、好ましくは脾細胞の集合を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 選択されたCD70結合ペプチドの配列および/または選択されたCD70結合ペプチドをコーディングするヌクレオチドの配列を決定するステップをさらに含む、請求項1から2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の方法を用いて得られたCD70結合ペプチド。
- 前記CD70結合ペプチドは、配列番号5、6および7、または配列番号15、16および17、または配列番号25、26および27、または配列番号35、36および37、または配列番号45、46および47、または配列番号55、56および57、または配列番号65、66および67、または配列番号75、76および77、または配列番号83、84および85から選択されたアミノ酸配列と少なくとも60%、例として少なくとも85%、好ましくは少なくとも90%、より好ましくは少なくとも95%の配列類似性を有するCDR1、CDR2およびCDR3配列を備える免疫グロブリンVHドメインを含み、例として、配列番号3、13、23、33、43、53、63、73または82から選択されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも60%、例として少なくとも85%、好ましくは少なくとも90%、より好ましくは少なくとも95%の配列類似性を有するVHドメインを含む、請求項4に記載のCD70結合ペプチド。
- 前記CD70結合ペプチドは、配列番号5、6、7、8、9および10、または配列番号15、16、17、18、19および20、または配列番号25、26、27、28、29および30、または配列番号35、36、37、38、39および40、または配列番号45、46、47、48、49および50、または配列番号55、56、57、58、59および60、または配列番号65、66、67、68、69および70、または配列番号75、76、77、78、79および80から選択されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも60%、例として少なくとも85%、好ましくは少なくとも90%、より好ましくは少なくとも95%の配列類似性を有するVH CDR1、VH CDR2、VH CDR3、VL CDR1、VL CDR2およびVL CDR3配列を備える免疫グロブリンVHおよびVLドメインを含み、例として、配列番号3および4、または配列番号13および14、または配列番号23および24、または配列番号33および34、または配列番号43および44、または配列番号53および54、または配列番号63および64、または配列番号73および74から選択されたアミノ酸配列をと少なくとも60%、例として少なくとも85%、好ましくは少なくとも90%、より好ましくは少なくとも95%の配列類似性を有するVH−VLドメイン対を含む、請求項4から5のいずれかに記載のCD70結合ペプチド。
- 請求項5から6のいずれかに記載のCD70結合ペプチドをコーディングするヌクレオチド配列を含む細胞。
- CD70結合ペプチドを産生するためのプロセスであって、
請求項7に記載の細胞を提供するステップと、
前記CD70結合ペプチドを発現する、好ましくは分泌するように、前記細胞を培養するステップとを含む、プロセス。 - 請求項8に記載の方法を用いて得られたCD70結合ペプチド。
- 前記CD70結合ペプチドは、配列番号5、6および7、または配列番号15、16および17、または配列番号25、26および27、または配列番号35、36および37、または配列番号45、46および47、または配列番号55、56および57、または配列番号65、66および67、または配列番号75、76および77、または配列番号83、84および85から選択されたアミノ酸配列と少なくとも60%、例として少なくとも85%、好ましくは少なくとも90%、より好ましくは少なくとも95%の配列類似性を有するCDR1、CDR2およびCDR3配列を備える免疫グロブリンVHドメインを含み、例として、配列番号3、13、23、33、43、53、63、73または82から選択されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも60%、例として少なくとも85%、好ましくは少なくとも90%、より好ましくは少なくとも95%の配列類似性を有するVHドメインを含む、請求項9に記載のCD70結合ペプチド。
- 前記CD70結合ペプチドは、配列番号5、6、7、8、9および10、または配列番号15、16、17、18、19および20、または配列番号25、26、27、28、29および30、または配列番号35、36、37、38、39および40、または配列番号45、46、47、48、49および50、または配列番号55、56、57、58、59および60、または配列番号65、66、67、68、69および70、または配列番号75、76、77、78、79および80から選択されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも60%、例として少なくとも85%、好ましくは少なくとも90%、より好ましくは少なくとも95%の配列類似性を有するVH CDR1、VH CDR2、VH CDR3、VL CDR1、VL CDR2およびVL CDR3配列を備える免疫グロブリンVHおよびVLドメインを含み、例として、配列番号3および4、または配列番号13および14、または配列番号23および24、または配列番号33および34、または配列番号43および44、または配列番号53および54、または配列番号63および64、または配列番号73および74から選択されたアミノ酸配列をと少なくとも60%、例として少なくとも85%、好ましくは少なくとも90%、より好ましくは少なくとも95%の配列類似性を有するVH−VLドメイン対を含む、請求項9から10のいずれかに記載のCD70結合ペプチド。
- 医薬品、好ましくは癌を治療するための医薬品、より好ましくはCD70陽性癌を治療するための医薬品、最も好ましくはCD70過剰発現癌を治療するための医薬品として使用される請求項9から11または請求項4から6のいずれかに記載のCD70結合ペプチド。
- CD70陽性癌、最も好ましくはCD70過剰発現癌を治療するための方法であって、
請求項9から11または請求項4から6のいずれかに記載のCD70結合ペプチドの有効治療量を対象者に投与することを含む、方法。 - 請求項9から11または請求項4から6のいずれかに記載のCD70結合ペプチドと、担体、特に薬学的に許容される担体とを含む組成物、特に医薬組成物。
- 請求項9から11または請求項4から6のいずれかに記載のCD70結合ペプチドの診断ツールとしての用途であって、
前記診断ツールは、体外診断、好ましくは癌の診断、より好ましくはCD70陽性癌の診断、最も好ましくはCD70過剰発現癌の診断に使用され、
前記用途において、前記CD70結合ペプチドは、好ましくはシグナル伝達部分に結合されている、用途。
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