JP2014077256A - Tunnel drainage material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tunnel drainage material for draining water emerging from the natural ground side of a tunnel, which improves workability in installing the drainage material on a tunnel inner wall surface and which is excellent in both drainage and workability.SOLUTION: An inventive tunnel drainage material is provided with a three-dimensional network body on one surface side of a waterproof sheet at least in a part in the longitudinal direction thereof. The three-dimensional network body includes linear crest parts and linear valley parts formed by irregular crossing of continuous filaments having a thickness of 0.1 mm to 10 mm. The linear crest parts and the linear valley parts make 30° to 150° with the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet.

Description

  The present invention relates to a drainage material for a tunnel for draining spring water that springs from a natural ground side of a tunnel at the time of tunnel construction.

  When constructing a tunnel in a natural ground, a large number of rock bolts are driven in a direction substantially perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the tunnel with respect to the primary lining concrete that is sprayed with concrete on the inner surface side of the tunnel. At this time, especially for natural ground where there is a lot of leakage of spring water, for example, a spring water drainage material as described in Patent Literatures 1 to 3 is installed on the primary lining concrete after rock bolting. And spring water is drained.

  As commercially available spring water drainage materials, the product names “Moyai Drain Mat SWB Type” manufactured by Yoshihara Chemical Co., Ltd., and the product names “Mono Drain” and “Mono Drain RB” manufactured by Maeda Kosen Co., Ltd. are known. .

Patent Document 1: JP 2002-054396 A Patent Document 2: JP 2009-052390 A Patent Document 3: JP 2006-132267 A

  However, the spring water treatment sheet material described in Patent Document 1 has not been sufficiently studied with respect to the shape of the elastic member having water permeability, and the elastic member has a uniform uniform thickness. As a result, for example, when installed on the inner wall surface of a tunnel, the elastic member does not fit along the curved surface of the wall surface (does not bend), and the workability (flexibility) is poor. there were. Further, the elastic member was easily clogged, and the drainage was low.

  Patent Documents 2 and 3 both have a drainage channel having a rigid structure in the longitudinal direction of the spring water drainage material, and are difficult to bend in the drainage channel direction due to the rigidity of the drainage channel. For this reason, when the drainage channel of the spring water drainage material is constructed in the tunnel arc direction, it is necessary to construct it while bending it in a direction in which it is difficult to bend, and the construction work is difficult. Moreover, there was a problem that the spring water drainage material could not withstand bending and was broken. Alternatively, when the drainage channel of the spring water drainage material is constructed in a direction perpendicular to the tunnel arc direction, there is a problem that the drainage performance of the spring water is deteriorated.

  As described above, the spring water and drainage materials described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 are not sufficiently studied for drainage and workability (flexibility flexibility) when installing the spring water drainage on the inner wall surface of the tunnel. .

  This invention solves said problem and provides the drainage material for tunnels which was excellent in both drainage property and workability (bending flexibility).

  That is, the present invention is provided with a three-dimensional solid network on at least a part of the longitudinal direction on one side of the waterproof sheet, and the three-dimensional solid network does not have continuous filaments having a thickness of 0.1 mm to 10 mm. It has a linear crest and a linear trough that intersect with the rule, and the linear crest and the linear trough form an angle of 30 ° to 150 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. This is a tunnel drainage material.

  Since the drainage material for tunnels of the present invention has a linear peak and a linear valley, the drainage of the spring water is excellent, and the linear peak and the linear valley are in the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. Since it is the structure which makes the angle of 30 degrees-150 degrees with respect to it, it has the outstanding bending | flexion softness | flexibility and is excellent in workability.

It is a perspective view which shows an example of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the linear peak part and linear trough part of the three-dimensional solid network of this invention.

  The tunnel drainage material of the present invention (hereinafter also simply referred to as drainage material) includes a three-dimensional solid network on at least a part of the longitudinal direction on one side of the waterproof sheet. Hereinafter, each structural member of the drainage material for tunnels of this invention is demonstrated.

(Three-dimensional solid network)
The present invention includes a three-dimensional solid network on at least a part of the longitudinal direction on one side of the waterproof sheet. The three-dimensional solid network has a linear peak and a linear valley formed by irregularly intersecting continuous filaments having a thickness of 0.1 mm to 10 mm. In the drainage material for tunnels of the present invention, the spring water is drained through the continuous filaments constituting the three-dimensional solid network, so that free lime hardly adheres and the drainage channel is not easily clogged.

  In the present invention, the linear peak portion refers to a hook-like portion in which continuous filaments intersect irregularly and a part of a three-dimensional solid network is raised. Moreover, a linear trough part says the groove-shaped part formed between two linear peak parts.

  The continuous filament constituting the three-dimensional solid network has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 10 mm, preferably 0.2 mm to 5 mm, and more preferably 0.3 mm to 2 mm. When the thickness of the continuous filament is 0.1 mm or more, the voids of the three-dimensional solid network are not crushed or reduced by the spraying pressure of the secondary lining concrete. Moreover, it is easy to bend | fold and to construct as the thickness of a continuous filament is 10 mm or less.

  The three-dimensional solid network has a linear peak portion and a linear valley portion in which continuous filaments intersect irregularly. When the three-dimensional solid network has a linear peak and a linear valley, the linear peak and / or the linear valley becomes a spring drainage channel, so that the drainage of the spring is excellent. In particular, when used in a tunnel with a large amount of spring water, the spring water is drained through linear peaks and valleys. It can also be suitably used when constructing a tunnel.

  The three-dimensional solid network has at least a linear peak portion and a linear valley portion that form an angle of 30 ° to 150 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. The angle of the linear peak portion and the linear valley portion with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet is preferably 45 ° to 135 °, and more preferably 60 ° to 120 °. When the linear peak and the linear valley form an angle of 30 ° to 150 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet, the structure becomes easy to bend in the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. This is presumed to be because when the three-dimensional solid network is bent, the linear peaks and the linear valleys partially expand and contract like a bellows structure. Since the drainage material of the present invention is constructed along the arcuate inner wall surface of the tunnel, it is easier to construct as the member is superior in bending flexibility.

  It is preferable that the three-dimensional solid network has two linear ridges that are adjacent and parallel to each other, and has a connecting ridge that connects the two linear ridges. If it has a connection mountain part which connects between linear mountain parts, it becomes the structure where the drainage channel of spring water became continuous, and it can drain spring water efficiently. In addition, the connecting mountain portion gives the three-dimensional solid network moderate rigidity, for example, when drainage material is constructed on the upper part (ceiling part) of the inner wall surface of the tunnel, the drainage material does not hang down due to its own weight. Easy to install.

  In the three-dimensional solid network body, linear ridges and linear valleys are preferably parallel to each other. When the linear ridges and the linear valleys are alternately arranged in parallel, it is easy to expand and contract partially like a bellows structure, and is excellent in bending flexibility.

The linear ridges and linear valleys may be continuous straight lines or discontinuous line segments within the range of the size of the three-dimensional solid network. . Especially, it is preferable that a linear peak part and a linear trough part are discontinuous line segment shape. If the linear peak and the linear valley are line segments, it becomes a structure that can be easily bent at the discontinuous portions between the linear peaks and between the linear valleys, and also in a direction perpendicular to the linear peaks. Can be bent.

  When the linear peak and the linear valley are line segments, the linear peak and the linear valley are respectively a plurality of linear peaks and a plurality of linear valleys on a single straight line. It is preferable to be located at. When the plurality of linear ridges and the plurality of linear valleys are respectively positioned on one straight line, a partial bellows structure is easily formed, and the bending flexibility is particularly excellent.

  When a linear peak part and a linear trough part are line segments, it is preferable that the length of a linear peak part and a linear trough part is 50 mm-150 mm, and it is more preferable that it is 60 mm-100 mm. When the length of the linear peak and the linear valley is 50 mm or more, the spring water is easily drained through the linear peak and the linear valley. Moreover, it is easy to bend | fold and to construct as the length of a linear peak part and a linear trough part is 150 mm or less.

  The length of the linear peak is preferably 1 to 15 times, more preferably 1 to 10 times the length of the connecting peak. When the ratio of the length of the linear peak portion to the length of the connecting peak portion is within the above range, it is easy to bend and it is easy to construct along the inner wall surface of the tunnel.

  The component of the continuous filament constituting the three-dimensional solid network is not particularly limited, and may be made of a known synthetic resin. For example, the continuous filament is composed of one or more of a synthetic resin such as a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene, a polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, and a polyamide resin such as nylon 6 and nylon 66. Good.

  Especially, it is preferable that the continuous filament which comprises a three-dimensional solid network contains 95 mass%-99.9 mass% of polyolefin, and 0.1 mass%-5 mass% of thermoplastic elastomer, It is more preferable that 97 mass%-99 mass% and a thermoplastic elastomer are included 1 mass%-3 mass%. When the continuous filament contains 95% by mass or more of polyolefin, a three-dimensional solid network having a high pressure strength can be obtained, and even when subjected to a casting pressure such as concrete, the voids are not crushed or little. If the continuous filament contains 0.1% by mass or more of the thermoplastic elastomer, a three-dimensional solid network excellent in flexibility can be obtained, and the followability to the inner wall surface of the tunnel is good. The polyolefin is preferably high-density polyethylene from the viewpoint of obtaining a three-dimensional solid network having particularly high pressure resistance.

  Examples of the thermoplastic elastomer include olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers, butadiene-based thermoplastic elastomers, styrene-butadiene-based thermoplastic elastomers, styrene-isoprene-based thermoplastic elastomers, and hydrogenated styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers.

Three-dimensional net-like body, preferably has a basis weight is ^{300g / m 2 ~2000g / m 2} , and more preferably ^{500g / m 2 ~1500g / m 2} . When the basis weight of the three-dimensional solid network is 300 g / m ² or more, the voids of the three-dimensional solid network are not crushed or reduced by the spraying pressure of the secondary lining concrete. When the basis weight of the three-dimensional solid network is 2000 g / m ² or less, the spring water easily passes through the gaps between the continuous filaments and is drained. Also, if the basis weight is small, it becomes a lightweight drainage material, so the construction work becomes easy.

  The thickness of the three-dimensional solid network is preferably 3 cm to 50 cm, and more preferably 5 cm to 15 cm. When the thickness of the three-dimensional solid network is 3 cm or more, the spring water can be efficiently drained even when the flow rate of the spring water is very large. If the thickness of the three-dimensional solid network is 50 cm or less, it is easy to handle and construct.

The thickness of the three-dimensional solid network is measured by measuring the distance between the acrylic plates with a load of 2.94 cN / cm ² applied between ^two 3 mm thick acrylic plates. Can be obtained.

(Waterproof sheet)
As the waterproof sheet of the present invention, a waterproof sheet can be used. For example, a sheet having a water pressure resistance of 1800 mmAq or more may be used. As the waterproof sheet, for example, a known blue sheet or a synthetic resin sheet having a thickness of 1 mm to 20 mm made of a synthetic resin can be used.

  When the waterproof sheet is a blue sheet, the thickness is preferably 300 μm or more. For example, a blue sheet of # 3000 or more can be used. Here, the blue sheet is obtained by laminating a polyethylene resin on both sides of a polyethylene slit yarn fabric. The blue sheet may be subjected to known processing such as UV processing or lamination of an aluminum deposited film on the surface thereof. Further, it may be colored other than blue.

  When the waterproof sheet is a synthetic resin sheet, the thickness is preferably 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. When the thickness of the synthetic resin sheet is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, both waterproofness and flexibility are provided. The synthetic resin constituting the synthetic resin sheet may be, for example, polyethylene or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

  The waterproof sheet is raised from the one side of the three-dimensional solid network along the thickness direction of the three-dimensional solid network, and is folded while the waterproof sheet is fixed to the other side of the three-dimensional solid network. It is preferable to become. With such a configuration, even if tensile tension is applied to the drainage material for tunnels in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the waterproof sheet and the three-dimensional solid network are difficult to separate and are not easily broken. For example, when installing a drainage material for tunnels, the drainage material for tunnels is hardly broken even if it is attached while being pulled in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

  The width of the folded portion formed by folding the waterproof sheet is preferably 3 mm to 50 mm, and more preferably 10 mm to 20 mm. When the width of the folded portion is 3 mm or more, the waterproof sheet and the three-dimensional solid network can be firmly fixed. Further, when the folding width is 50 mm or less, the folded portion does not hinder the drainage of the spring water.

  The waterproof sheet preferably has a connection portion that does not include a three-dimensional solid network on one surface side of the waterproof sheet at at least one end in the longitudinal direction. That is, the connection portion may be configured only with a waterproof sheet. In addition, it is preferable that the width | variety of a connection part is 5 cm-50 cm, and it is preferable that it is 7 cm-30 cm. When the waterproof sheet has a connection portion, the tunnel drainage material of the present invention or the tunnel drainage material of the present invention and a publicly known tunnel drainage material can be connected and overlapped to be connected. Therefore, it is difficult for water to leak from the connecting portion. Moreover, it is preferable that a connection part is not further provided with the member for nail driving mentioned later from a flexible viewpoint.

(Nailing member)
It is preferable that nailing members are attached to both ends of the waterproof sheet along the longitudinal direction thereof. The nailing member is a member for protecting the waterproof sheet from being broken near the nailing portion by the weight of the drainage material or the tension at the time of attachment when the drainage material is attached to the inner wall surface of the tunnel.

  The material constituting the nailing member is not particularly limited, and may be made of a known synthetic resin, metal, wood or the like. For example, when the nailing member is a synthetic resin, among a synthetic resin such as a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene, a polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, and a polyamide resin such as nylon 6 and nylon 66, It may consist of one or more.

The thickness of the nail driving member is preferably 0.5 mm to 10 mm, and more preferably 1 mm to 5 mm. When the thickness of the nail driving member is 0.5 mm or more, the nail hole is difficult to expand and the nail is difficult to come off. Further, if the thickness of the nail driving member is 10 mm or less,
The nail driving member does not obstruct or follow the inner wall surface of the tunnel.

  The nailing member may be attached continuously along the longitudinal direction of both ends of the waterproof sheet, or may be attached discontinuously.

(Production method)
An example of a method for manufacturing a tunnel drainage material will be described.
First, a composition obtained by melting and melting a synthetic resin was extruded from a spinneret in which a large number of spinning nozzles having a pore diameter of 0.1 to 10 mm were arranged and spun, and the spun continuous filament was provided below the spinneret. While hanging on a mold having linear convex portions with a height of 30 mm to 500 mm, the mold is moved at a speed slower than the spinning speed to obtain a three-dimensional solid network. By such a manufacturing method, a three-dimensional solid network having a linear peak portion and a linear valley portion in which continuous filaments intersect irregularly and having a connecting peak portion connecting the two linear peak portions. You can get a body. In addition, a linear peak part, a linear trough part, and a connection peak part can be formed by using the metal mold | die which has these same shapes, for example.

  Subsequently, the three-dimensional solid network is placed on the waterproof sheet so that the linear peaks and the linear valleys form an angle of 30 ° to 150 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. The waterproof sheet on the outside of the three-dimensional network is raised along the three-dimensional three-dimensional network, and the waterproof sheet is folded back or fixed to the three-dimensional three-dimensional network while fixing the waterproof sheet as necessary. A draining material for tunnel is obtained by attaching nailing members in the longitudinal direction of both ends.

  The three-dimensional solid network may be fixed to the waterproof sheet by known adhesion, welding, or physical engagement means. The three-dimensional solid network is preferably fixed to the waterproof sheet by welding, and more preferably fixed by thermal bonding, high-frequency welder welding, or ultrasonic welding. When the three-dimensional three-dimensional network is fixed to the waterproof sheet by welding, the welded portion is hardly deteriorated even if it touches the spring water, and thus it is difficult to peel off.

  The method for attaching the nail driving member is not particularly limited, and it may be attached by known bonding, welding, or physical engagement means. The nailing member may be fixed by, for example, a stapler (also called a staple), or may be fixed by an adhesive.

(Example)
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1
High-density polyethylene (trade name: HE481, manufactured by Nippon Polyethylene Co., Ltd.) 98% by mass as a synthetic resin, and a styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer using hydrogenated styrene-butadiene (trade name: Dynalon SEBC, manufactured by JSR Corporation) 2 A mixed resin composition mixed with mass% was prepared.

Subsequently, the heated and melted mixed resin composition is extruded from a spinneret in which a large number of spinning nozzles having a hole diameter of 1 mm are arranged and spun, and a continuous filament is formed on a linear convex portion having a height of 10 mm provided below the spinneret. While hanging on the mold, the mold was moved at a speed slower than the spinning speed to obtain a three-dimensional solid network. The obtained three-dimensional solid network has a linear peak portion, a linear valley portion, and a connected peak portion in which continuous filaments intersect irregularly, and the length of the linear peak portion is a connected peak. It was 4 times the length of the part, the thickness was 10 mm, and the basis weight was 800 g / m ² .

  Next, the three-dimensional solid network is placed on the waterproof sheet so that the linear peaks and the linear valleys form an angle of 60 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. The outer waterproof sheet is raised and folded along the three-dimensional solid network body, and in this folded portion, the three-dimensional three-dimensional network body and the waterproof sheet are welded so that a weld portion having a diameter of 1 cm is arranged at intervals of 3 cm. The part is ultrasonically welded with an energy of 30 J, and a band made of polyethylene having a thickness of 3 mm and a width of 25 mm is attached as a nail driving member in the longitudinal direction of both ends of the waterproof sheet with a stapler. Got. In the drainage material obtained, the waterproof sheet is raised from one side of the three-dimensional solid network along the thickness direction of the three-dimensional solid network, and the waterproof sheet is fixed to the other side of the three-dimensional solid network. It was being folded. Moreover, it had a connection part of 10 cm.

(Example 2)
According to the procedure of Example 1, except that the linear peaks and the valleys of the three-dimensional solid network are placed on the waterproof sheet so as to form an angle of 90 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. The drainage material for tunnels of Example 2 was obtained.

(Comparative Example 1)
A tunnel drainage material of Comparative Example 1 was obtained in accordance with the procedure of Example 1 except that the continuous filament was hung on a flat metal mold. The network of Comparative Example 1 did not have a linear peak, a linear valley, and a connected peak, had a thickness of 10 mm, and a basis weight of 800 g / m ² .

(Comparative Example 2)
According to the procedure of Example 1, except that the linear peaks and the valleys of the three-dimensional solid network are placed on the waterproof sheet so as to form an angle of 0 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet. The tunnel drainage material of Comparative Example 2 was obtained.

(Drainage)
The drainage materials of Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were attached to concrete, and water was passed in the longitudinal direction of the drainage material to confirm drainage performance.

  The drainage materials of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 2 were better in drainage than the drainage material of Comparative Example 1. This is thought to be because the drainage materials of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 2 have linear peaks and linear valleys.

(Bending flexibility)
Except that the width of the test piece was 3 cm, the length of the test piece was measured by moving the test piece in the longitudinal direction according to JIS L 1096 8.19.1 A method (45 ° cantilever method). did. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.

  The drainage material of Example 1 and Example 2 has a shorter moved length than the drainage material of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. This indicates that the drainage materials of Example 1 and Example 2 can be bent with a weaker force than the drainage materials of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. That is, the drainage material of Example 1 and Example 2 is easy to construct along the arc of the inner wall surface of the tunnel.

(Example 3)
The surface in the thickness direction of the three-dimensional solid network with the three-dimensional solid network placed on the waterproof sheet and the waterproof sheet outside the three-dimensional solid network raised along the three-dimensional solid network The drainage material for tunnels of Example 3 according to the procedure of Example 1 except that each welded part was ultrasonically welded with energy of 30 J so that welded parts having a diameter of 1 cm were arranged at intervals of 3 cm between the waterproof sheet and the waterproof sheet Got.

(Breaking strength)
Sample pieces cut so as to have a longitudinal direction of 8 cm were prepared from the drainage materials of Example 1 and Example 3, and both ends of the test piece in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the drainage material (that is, for nailing) The vicinity of the member is attached to the grip of a tensile tester, the test piece is pulled while applying a load, and the load (N) when the three-dimensional solid network of the sample piece and the waterproof sheet break is measured to determine the breaking strength. . The measurement results are shown in Table 2.

  The drainage material of Example 1 has a higher breaking strength than the drainage material of Example 3. This is considered to be because the direction of the force applied to the breakage of the drainage material of Example 1 is the shear direction of the waterproof sheet and the three-dimensional solid network. The drainage material of Example 3 is considered to have a lower breaking strength than the drainage material of Example 1 because the direction of the force applied to the fracture is the peeling direction of the waterproof sheet and the three-dimensional solid network. In addition, both the drainage material of Example 1 and Example 3 has sufficient drainage property and bending flexibility, and is suitable as drainage material for tunnels.

  The drainage material for tunnels of the present invention is preferably used as a member for draining spring water when a tunnel is constructed in a natural ground where spring water or the like is generated. For example, it can be used for the new Austrian tunnel method (NATM method).

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waterproof sheet 2 Three-dimensional solid network 3 Linear peak part 4 Linear trough part 5 Nailing member 6 Ultrasonic welding part 7 Connection part 8 Connection peak part 10 Drainage material for tunnels

Claims (5)

On one side of the waterproof sheet, provided with a three-dimensional solid network at least in the longitudinal direction,
The three-dimensional solid network has a linear peak and a linear valley formed by irregularly intersecting continuous filaments having a thickness of 0.1 mm to 10 mm,
The drainage material for tunnels, wherein the linear peak portion and the linear valley portion form an angle of 30 ° to 150 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the waterproof sheet.   2. The tunnel drainage material according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional solid network has two linear ridges that are adjacent and parallel to each other, and has a connecting ridge that connects the two linear ridges. .   The drainage material for tunnel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the three-dimensional solid network includes 95 mass% to 99.9 mass% of polyolefin and 0.1 mass% to 5 mass% of thermoplastic elastomer.   The waterproof sheet is raised along the thickness direction of the three-dimensional solid network from one side of the three-dimensional solid network, and the waterproof sheet is fixed to the other surface of the three-dimensional solid network, The drainage material for tunnels according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is folded back.   The drainage material for tunnels as described in any one of Claims 1-4 in which the member for nailing is attached to the both ends of the said waterproof sheet along the longitudinal direction.

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